5. COMPOUND ADDITION.

COMPOUND ADDITION is the adding of numbers which consist of articles of different value, as pounds, shillings, pence, and farthings, called different denominations; the operations are to be regulated by the value of the articles, which must be learned from the Tables.

RULE FOR COMPOUND ADDITION.

1. Place the numbers so that those of the same denomination may stanc directly under each other.

2. Add the first column or denomination together, and carry for that number which it takes of the same denomination to make 1 of the next higher. Proceed in this manner with all the columns, till you come to the last, which must be added, as in Simple Addition.

Penny, marked d.
Shilling,
Pound,

S.

£.

-£13. 3s. 8d.

-and of

Those numbers of the same denomination placed under each other, as the rule directs.

I begin with the right hand column or that of pence, and having added it, find the sum of the numbers therein contained to be 24; now as 12 of this denomination make one of the next higher, or in other words 12 pence make one shilling, therefore in this or in the column of pence' I must carry for 12; I now inquire how often 12 is contained in 24, the sum of the first column or that of pence; knowing it to be 2 times and nothing over, I set down O under the column of pence, and carry 2 to that of shillings, to be added into the second column, saying, 2 I carry to 6 are 8, and 3 are 11, and 7 are 18, and 10 to 18 are 28, and ten again are 38 (for so each figure in ten's place must be reckoned, 1 in that place, being equal in value to 10 units.) Now as 20 shillings make one pound, therefore in the column of shillings, I carry for 20; I then inquire how often 20 in 38? once, and 18 remains; therefore, I set down directly under the column of shillings 18, what 38 contains more than 20, and for the even 20 carry 1 to pounds or the last column, which is to be added after the manner of Simple Addition. Note. The method of proof for Compound Addition is the same as that of Simple Addition.

4. Supposing a man goes a journey, and on the 1st day, 802. May 14, Pays for a dinner

To A. Thirty-two pounds fourteen shillings and ten pence.

-B. Forty-one pounds six shillings and eight pence.

C. Seventy-five pounds eight shillings.

D. Three pounds and nine pence.

What is the sum I owe?

Ans.

101211213

LO

6

0

6

2

0

10

6

0

6

5

£.

6. A man purchases cattle; one yoke of oxen for £14 11 6; four cows, for £18 19 7; and other stock to the amount of £21 5; what was the a nount of the cattle purchased?

Ans. £54 16s. 1d.

2. OF TROY WEIGHT.

By Troy Weight are weighed gold, silver, jewels, efectuaries and liquors.

Note. The fineness of gold is tried by fire, and is reckoned in carats, by which is understood the 24th part of any quantity; if it lose nothing in the trial, it is said to be 24 carats fine; if it lose 2 carats, it is then 22 carats fine, which is the standard for gold.

Silver which abides the fire without loss is said to be 12 ounces fine.-The standard for silver coin is 11 oz. 2 pwis. of fine silver, and 18 pwts. of copper melted together.

3. OF AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.

By Avoirdupois weight are weighed all things of a coarse and drossy nature, as tea, sugar, bread, flour, tallow, hay, leather, and all kinds of metals, except gold and silver.

Note." 175 Troy ounces are precisely equal to 192 Avoirdupois Ounces, and 175 Troy pout.ds are equal to 144 Avoirdupois. 1 lb. Troy-5760 grains, and 1 lb. Avoirdupois 7000 grains."

7

The number of days in each Calendar month may be remembered by the following verse :

Thirty days hath September, April, June and November;
February twenty-eight alone; all the rest have thirty-one.

"The civil Solar year of 365 days being short of the true by 5h. 48m, 57s. occasioned the beginning of the year to run forward through the season nearly one day in four years on this account Julius Cæsar ordained that one day should be added to February every fourth year, by causing the 24th day to be reckoned twice and because this 24th day was the sixth (sextilis) before the kalends of March, there were in this year two of these sextiles, which gave the name of Bissextile to this year, which being thus corrected, vas, from thence called the Julian year."

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