courageous action in obtaining for them the first essential for success-labor.

He would voice a war-food message which would teem with appeals to secure for farmers economic justice and their right to have a larger share in administering the powers of the state.

We would all be convinced that this is a food war, and would see to it that no labor be lost in the prosecution of the work for food production.

Hilgard would perceive in the precipitate of present day chemicalization, the thought that real conservation, in its fuller, larger sense, means effective, reliable man-power, and the wider use of improved farm machinery.

He would light our way in the endeavor to coördinate agricultural, commercial and labor interests, linking them into a statewide body; and, knowing the persuasive powers of concrete action, would assist in strengthening the relative position of farming interests by creating strong state and national farming organizations, that the supreme needs for increased production and conservation may be fearlessly fostered.

He would favor the consolidation of farmers' organizations which, with the backing of commercial and labor bodies, would create a solidarity helpful in swinging back to normal balance the attractiveness of rural life against the lure of urban pursuits.

Hilgard would teach the practical method for speeding food production by boldly advocating those constructive acts now being urged by farmers for farmers, many of which are desperately needed, as war enactments:

Importation of dependable farm labor-not a demand for cheap

labor.

Revision of the Federal Farm Loan Act, for emergency moneymore capital for the farmer.

Pure seed laws, modeled after our pure food laws.

Enactment of trespass laws.

Closing of saloons in farming districts.

Representation on all councils involving the farmer's interests. Coöperative marketing companies.

Rural policing, and numerous others.

We may imagine his amazement at the feeble acquiescence in war measures by the many who have for years exploited the farmer while fattening at the distribution table; his wrath at the manipulation and plotting to make possible a continuation of their easy enrichments; his distress at their awaiting coercion from above, rather than being actuated by deep-seated patriotism.

He would inspire to earnest deeds of war work, many of those

men of commerce who do not yet comprehend the need of their financial coöperation with those great rural interests of which he was the life-long champion.

He would view with concern the present narrow vision of those trade organizations which still confine association action to the more trivial things, failing to volunteer in aid of our supreme necessity-more food.

Our Hilgard would sympathize with the people of moderate means whose inability to obtain food at reasonable prices emphasizes the inefficiency of all superficial efforts for conservation. He would convince organized labor of the patriotic necessity of their rendering a voluntary service, unbefogged by class consciousness, in coöperating with the effort to relieve the farm labor situation, thereby bettering the conditions of the men who must feed the world, and thus helping to bring about a return to normal prices.

He would classify our country's urgent appeal to the farmer to speed production without furnishing him the very first requisite for his success, with the command of the taskmasters of the children of Israel to make brick without straw.

Hilgard would rejoice in his ability to join hands with those practical farmers who have, at much cost and sacrifice, heeded their country's call, and who would today gladly welcome the support of the spirit of leadership with which he was so richly endowed. We, therefore, in these hours of war trials, feel more keenly the sense of loss of our beloved, gentle-natured counselor and friend.

I appeal to you in his name, to emulate him in placing principle before expediency, and to join in a patriotic service to secure by organized action, these agricultural needs, thereby glorifying Hilgard's memory.

CARRYING HILGARD'S WORK FORWARD

THOMAS FORSYTH HUNT

It is necessary for the Staff of the College of Agriculture to keep its feet upon the ground, while at the same time hitching its wagons to the far-off stars. It is this fact which makes it difficult sometimes to understand the work of the College of Agriculture. Facing the Golden Gate and daily kissed by the setting sun, there is emblazoned across the front of Hilgard Hall an inscription which will, in the ages to follow, cause many persons to become thoughtful.

In 1910 I visited a school building in southern France, which was erected in 1619-the year before the Mayflower landed at

Plymouth. In the coming four hundred, or it may be the four thousand years, that this new building will be dedicated to the work begun by Hilgard, many persons will read, "To Rescue for Human Society the Native Values of Rural Life." Some will fail to understand it on first reading. Some will never comprehend. Twenty-two hundred years ago the following was written:

How can he get wisdom that holdeth the plow, and that glorieth in the goad; that driveth oxen and is occupied with their labors; who giveth his hand to make furrows, and his diligence to give the kine fodder.

So every carpenter and workmaster that laboreth night and day; and they that cut and grave seals and are diligent to make great variety and give themselves a counterfeit imagery and watch to finish a work.

The smith also sitting by the anvil and considering the iron work, the vapour of the fire wasteth his flesh and he fighteth with the heat of the furnace.

The noise of the hammer and the anvil is ever in his ears, and his eyes still look on the pattern of the thing that he maketh, he setteth his mind to finish his work, and watcheth to polish it perfectly.

So doth the potter sitting at his work, and turning the wheel about his feet, who is always carefully set at his work, maketh all his work by number.

He fashioned the clay with his arm and boweth down his strength before his feet; he applieth himself to lead it over and is diligent to clean the furnace.

All these trust to their hands; and every one is wise in his work.

Without these can not the city be inhabited; and they shall not dwell where they will, nor go up and down. They shall not sit in the judge's seat, nor understand the sentence of judgment. They cannot declare justice and judgment, and they shall not be found where parables are spoken; but they will maintain the state of the world.

The farmer no longer relies wholly upon his hands. Even though the farmer may always work with his hands, he is beginning to be found where parables are spoken. It is not an unjust return for maintaining the state of the world. The inscription yonder on Hilgard Hall will do more to prevent exploitation of the farmer than either oratory or statutes.

The function of the farmer is to raise things. It is the function of the College of Agriculture through its investigations to minimize and stabilize the risk.

It goes without saying that the first duty of a college of agriculture is to promote efficient production in order that food may be both abundant and cheap, and in order that the largest possible proportion of the population may have leisure for other things. A policy which makes this the only aim of the college of agriculture

leads to peonage, if not to slavery. Society must subsist by wealth. It is the duty of the college of agriculture to help in the creation of that wealth. It is equally its duty to see that society is not dominated by it.

There is no time today to speak of programmes, only vague hints as to motives. At the dedication of Agriculture Hall five years ago, it was stated that the College of Agriculture, if it were to be effective, must be the leader in all that relates to the development of agriculture. To fail to accept such leadership would be to fail to understand the responsibility that was placed upon it. Any other attitude upon the part of the people, whose child the institution is, would be reprehensible. The character of that leadership, however, is perhaps as difficult to comprehend as the inscription on Hilgard Hall. It is not the leadership of control. It is the leadership of counsel.

The members of the staff, nearly two hundred in number, have mostly risen out of the soil. They continue to sleep in the homes of the people and break bread with them at their tables. They are part and parcel of the industry. They are not exotic. They are indigenous. What more natural, therefore, than that the farmers of California should bring not only their trials and their troubles, but also their hopes and aspirations to this body of men and women, who are an intimate part of their daily lives. This is the leadership that the College of Agriculture accepts.

After five years of work among them, I wish to thank the farmers of California, not only for myself personally, but for all the members of the staff, for the opportunity they have given us, and for the cordiality with which they have received our achievements-achievements which have always been short of our ideals and much less, very much less, than their desires or needs.

Now, one more word and I am done. Five years ago every agency, federal, state, or private, which was interested in creating successful homes in the open country, was invited to join us in one mighty effort to that end. The College of Agriculture pledged every man and women in its organization to the fullest coöperation with these agencies, in order that civilization may become constructive, and not destructive. Their full and hearty response has not only added greatly to the efficiency of the broader aspects of the work the college is attempting to do, but also the pleasure and enthusiasm of its workers for all of which on the behalf of the nation and the state, I thank them.

In all these activities the College of Agriculture represents the spirit of Hilgard and Wickson, which ever has been to promote true values and proper perspectives.

THE UNIVERSITIES IN WAR TIME*

RALPH BARTON PERRY

If you want fully to appreciate the blessings of life in Berkeley, I advise you to lead up to it-to prepare for it as I did. We are always making weather records of some kind in New England. This winter we had the coldest December officially recorded, with five successive days in which the thermometer was well below zero. It rained some time early in December, that rain froze solidly on the sidewalks, and we slid and shuffled and floundered about on that same ice for about four weeks. I do not know that it has melted even yet. If you were fortunate enough not to break your leg, or get frost-bitten, at any rate you ached from lying flattened under heavy layers of wool and cotton at night, and from carrying about all the clothes you owned on your back by day. This year, of course, the coal gave out and the money you would have gratefully surrendered to the coal dealer for warmth you found yourself compelled to hand over to the plumber for repairing frozen water pipes and saving you from flood. Every day you had to submit twice to the keenest torture, when you got out of your warm bed into a cold room, and when you got out of your warm clothes into a cold bed. You found yourself debating whether it wouldn't be better either to stay in bed all day or to sit up all night.

* An address given at the University Meeting in the Harmon Gymnasium on February 1, 1918.