division be represented in the supper; otherwise the supper is not a shewing of the Lord's death.

"Let a man examine himself, &c." But this word, "Homo," is of both genders: therefore, it is as well commanded to the woman to drink of the cup, as the man, &c. But the king's argument, once against me, was this: "When ye come together to eat," he saith not (saith he) to arink. I answered, it was not needful, seeing that a little before he had made mention of both in these words: "And so let him eat of that bread and drink of that cup." "Homo," that is to say, as well the woman as the man. Under the name of bread, which betokeneth all sustenance of the body, drink is also understood in the Scriptures. Otherwise they would say, that Christ did not drink after his resurrection with his disciples, except Peter had said, we did eat and drink with him after he arose from death.

Ridley. V. They do servilely serve the holy sign (as St. Austin speaketh), instead of the thing signified, whilst the sacramental bread (by a solemn or common error) is adored and worshipped, for the flesh taken of the Son of God.

Latimer. If ye deny unto them their corporeal presence and transubstantiation, their fantastical adoration will (by and by) vanish away. Therefore be strong in denying such a presence, and then ye have won the field.

Furthermore, in the first supper, celebrated of Christ himself, there is no mention made of adoration of the elements; who said, " Eat ye, and drink ye," not worship ye. Therefore against adoration may be spoken that saying of Christ concerning divorce, "From the beginning it was not so." But the devil secretly (and by little and little) infecteth all Christ's ordinances; and as for the private mass, with all the sinews thereof, what manner of thing it is, may be easily perceived by the ready acceptation

1

of the people, whose hearts are prone to evil, even from their youth. Gen. viii.

Ridley. VI. They pluck away the honour from the only sacrifice of Christ, whilst this sacramental and mass-sacrifice is believed to be propitiatory, and such a one as purgeth the souls, both of the quick and the dead. Contrary to that is written to the Hebrews, "With one offering hath he made perfect for ever them that are sanctified." And again, "Where remission of these things (that is, of sins) is, there is no more offering for sin."

Latimer. By his own person he hath purged our sins. These words (" by his own person") have an emphasis, or vehemence, which driveth away all sacrificing priests from such office of sacrificing; seeing that, which he hath done by himself, he hath not left to be perfected by others; so that the putting off our sins may more truly be thought past and done, than a thing to come and to be done. any man sin, &c." He saith not, let him have a priest at home to sacrifice for him, but we have an Advocate, the virtue of whose one oblation endureth for ever.

" If

St. Paul saith, "They that serve the altar, &c.;" even so the Lord hath ordained, that they which preach the Gospel should live of the Gospel. Why doth he not rather say, they that sacrifice in the mass?

Ridley. VII. There be manifold abuses and superstitions, which are done in the mass, and about the mass. Salt is conjured, that it may be a conjured salt for the salvation of the believers, to be a salvation and health, both of the mind and of the body, unto everlasting life, to all them that receive it. Water is conjured, that it may be made a conjured water, to chase away all the power of the enemy, to chase away devils, &c. Bread also hath his second blessing, that it may be health of mind and body to all them that receive it. If we do think that such strength is to be given to salt, water, and bread; or, if we judge that these things are able to receive any such virtue or efficacy, what leave we to Christ, our Saviour? But, if we think not so, why then do we pray on this sort? Forasmuch as all prayer ought to be done of faith.

Latimer. As touching the abuses of the mass, I refer you to a little book, the title whereof is Mistress Missa *, where she was justly condemned and banished under pain of burning. But the devil hath brought her in again, to bring us to burning.

"Let

Ridley. VIII. The priest turneth himself from the altar, and speaketh unto the people in an unknown tongue, saying, Dominus vobiscum, orate pro me, fratres et sorores, &c.; that is, The Lord be with you, and pray for me, brothers and sisters: and turning from the people, he saith in Latin, us pray, and the peace of the Lord be always with you." Also, the people (or at least he which supplieth the place of the people) is compelled three times to say, "Ainen," when he hath heard never a word of that the priest hath prayed or spoken, except these few words, Per omnia secula seculorum. Whereas to the answering of, " Amen," St. Paul willeth the answerer, not only to hear, but also to understand, the things that were spoken. 1 Cor. xiv.

Latimer. Yea, and, Ite, missa est, must be sung to them with a great rolling up and down of notes, so bidding them go home fasting, when he hath eaten and drunken up all himself alone. A fellow, once rebuked for going away before mass was ended, answered, that it was not good manners to tarry till he were bidden to go. After that he was blamed for not taking holy bread, he answered, that he was bidden to go away before.

Ridley. IX. The priest, when he lifteth up the sacrament, he murmureth to himself these words: Hæc quotiescunque feceritis, in mei memoriam facietis; that is, "As often as you do these things, ye shall do it in remembrance of me." He seemeth by his words to speak unto the people, but he suffereth not his voice to be heard of the people.

Latimer. I cannot tell to whom the mass-man speaketh, as he is a-lifting, seeing that neither Christ bade him lift, neither is the people allowed to do those things: and as for that form of words, it is of their own forming. But the Papists do all things well, be they never so much deceitful workers, taking upon them the vizor and title of the church, as it were sheep's clothing, as though they were the ministers of righteousness: whereas, indeed, they are the devil's ministers, whose end shall be according to their deeds. They roll out their Latin language by heart, but in so doing they make the poor people of Christ altogether ignorant; and so much as in them lieth, they keep them back from that which St. Paul calleth the best knowledge, which is, to know rightly the things which are given unto us of Christ. But this is the matter, so long as the priests speak Latin, they are thought of the people to be marvellous well learned.

Ridley. X. More yet of the canon, upon the which vouchsafe to look with thy merciful and cheerful countenance." What meaneth this prayer for the sacrament itself, if it be, as they say, the body of Christ, if it be God and man? How should the Father not look with a cheerful countenance upon his own well-beloved Son? Why do not we rather pray for ourselves, that we (for his sake) may be looked upon of the Father with a cheerful counte

nance?

Latimer. To this let them answer, that so pray: except, peradventure, this prayer was used long be

fore it was esteemed to be the body of Christ really and corporally. And then this prayer maketh well to destroy the Popish opinion, that it is not the opinion of the church, nor so ancient, as they babble. There be other prayers of the mass, which, peradventure, be of like effect; but I have forgotten all massing matters, and the mass itself I utterly detest and abhor: `and so I confessed openly before our Diotrephes * and others.

Ridley. XI. The canon again : "Command these to be carried by the hands of thy holy angel unto thy high altar, &c." If we understand the body or blood of Christ, wherefore do we so soon desire the departure of them, before the receipt of the same? And wherefore brought we them thither by making of them, to let him go so soon ?

Write again, I beseech you, fathers and brethren, most dearly beloved in Christ; spare not my paper, for I look ere it be long that our common enemy will first assault me, and I wish, from the bottom of my heart, to be holpen not only by your prayers, but also by your wholesome counsels.

Latimer. As Peter, when he said, Let us make here three tabernacles, spake, and wist not what; so, peradventure, our massmen cannot tell what they say, speaking so manifestly against themselves. So that the old proverb may very well be spoken of them, Liars have need to have good memories.

Against the Sacrifice of the Mass yet more, by H. Latimer.

John Baptist saith, "A man can receive nothing, except it be given hin from heaven." And St. Paul saith, "No man taketh honour to himself, but he