II. Eastern front 12-13. The German evacuation of all lands on the east front beyond the frontiers of August 1, 1914, at the time fixed by the Allies. 14. German troops to cease at once all requisitions in the occupied territories. 15. Germany to renounce the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the treaty of Bucharest and subsequent treaties. 16. Allies to have free access to evacuated territories. III. East Africa 17. Germany to evacuate all territory in East Africa. IV. General clause 18. Return of all interned civilians of any status (other than those enumerated under article 3). 19. Financial conditions-The immediate restitution of specie, documents, stocks, paper money, etc., to V. Naval conditions 20. Immediate cessation of all hostilities at sea. Infor mation as to location and movements of all German ships, and free navigation to Allied ships and neutrals of all territorial waters. 21. Return of all Allied naval prisoners. 22. Surrender of all submarines with their equipment. 24. The Allied Powers to have right to sweep up all mine 25. Freedom of access to Baltic to be given Allied ships and allied forces to occupy forts, etc., at all entrances into Baltic. 26. Existing blockade to be kept up but the Allied governments to supply Germany with necessary food. 27. Naval air craft to be immobilized. 28. All ships in ports and rivers of Belgium to be left in 29. Germany to evacuate all Black sea ports, hand all 32. Germans to notify neutrals of the withdrawal of all VI. Duration of armistice 34. The armistice to last thirty days with option to ex- VII. Limit for reply 35. Germany must accept or refuse the armistice within SUGGESTED READINGS CLOSE OF THE WAR AND THE ARMISTICE Armistice Extension, Current History, New York Times, Vol. 9, Part II, 410- Armistice and Peace Negotiations, H. A. Gibbons, Century 97; 534-43, 1919. Is Mr. Wilson Deceived? Nation, 108: 312. March 1919. New Armistice Settlement: Ships in Exchange for Food. Current History, Vol. 10, Financial Provisions of the Armistice, Nation 108:75. January 11, 1919. Summary of the Armistice Agreements with Bulgaria, Turkey, and Austria Hungary. Review of Reviews 38: 639-42. December 1918. Three Armistices. Catholic World, 108: 414-21. December 1918. Germany's Capitulation and Historic Records Acts that precede the signing of the Armistice. Current History, New York Times, Vol. 9, part 1, 355-73. December 1918. TOPIC FOR SPECIAL STUDY Why Germany Signed the Armistice German White Book, Text of the Armistice with Germany; See Appendix, also Current History Magazine, Vol. 9, part 1, 355-373. December 1918; The Austro-Hungarian Armistice, Nation (Magazine) 108: 525-6, April 5, 1919. (1) International Labor Organizations before 1914.1 CHAPTER IV LABOR'S PEACE VIEWS In order to understand the attitude of labor and those interested in labor problems, especially in regard to world problems of labor, a short historical sketch should be made of attempts to bring about some mutual program for labor legislation by international agreement. There have been three definite periods of such attempts to unite labor: (1) Before the Great War; (2) During the War; and (3) Since the War. The first of these attempts by individuals or governments to bring about international action in regard to labor was at the Congress of Aix-laChapelle, in 1818 when Robert Owen, the English philanthropist appeared and suggested certain labor reforms. Since that time other efforts have been made. In 1890, the question. was much discussed in France and this, with other suggestions, led to the conference which was summoned in March 1890 by the German Emperor to meet at Berlin and discuss common action by the nations on certain industrial questions, child and woman labor, Sunday work, etc. This was the first of four conferences held prior to the war. The others were conferences at Berne in 1905, in 1906, in 1913. The delegates at the conference at Berne in 1905 drew up plans to be formulated into a final treaty at a later diplomatic conference. At the conference at Berne in 1906 seven countries signed an agreement for the prohibition of the use of white or yellow phosphorus in the manufacture of matches. The enforcement of labor treaties was left to the authorities in each of the countries signing the agreement. Prior to the world war there had been several international associations formed on the part of labor in order to establish, if possible, a mutual labor program for the national labor organizations of the countries represented. The first of these international movements was the so-called Socialist International. It dates from 1864 when Karl Marx organized a group of radicals in London into an organization known as the International Working Men's Association. It lived 1 For detailed study see Monthly Labor Review for April 1919, pp. 1-11; also Bulletin 254, U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Historical Survey of International Action Affecting Labor, Bulletin, 268, U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |