34. What part did Britain play in the "scramble for Africa" in the last quarter of the nineteenth century?

35. Explain how and why relations between Britain and the following countries improved from 1901 to 1914: (a) Japan, (b) France, (c) Russia.

36. Describe briefly any three of the following: (a) the Battle of the Marne, 1914; (b) the operations in Gallipoli; (c) the Battle of Jutland, 1916; (d) the German offensive on the Western front in 1918.

37. Write an account of Gandhi's career and achievements.

38. What social and economic reforms were made in Britain between the two World Wars?

39. Give a short account of the relations between Britain and Germany from Hitler's accession to power in 1933 to the outbreak of war in 1939.

40. State the main facts concerning any four of the following: (a) the Fourth Party; (b) the Manchester Ship Canal; (c) the General Election of 1906; (d) the two General Elections of 1910; (e) the Irish Home Rule Bill of 1914; (f) the Easter Rebellion in Ireland, 1916; (g) the General Strike; (h) the first Labour Government.

1494-1660

EUROPEAN HISTORY

*41. Examine the map of the Mediterranean in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries; then in your answer-book

(a) name (i) Area A, (ii) the King who conquered Area B, (iii) the Spanish King who acquired State C, (iv) the explorer who was born in D, (v) the Holy Roman Emperor who sacked Town E, (vi) sea battle F, (vii) Port G, (viii) Turkish base H, (ix) Turkish base J, (x) Town K.

(b) Describe the difficulties of the Emperor Charles V in the Mediterranean area.

42. Describe the part played in the Italian Wars by (a) Charles VIII, (b) Ferdinand of Aragon.

43. Outline the career and achievements of Martin Luther.

44. Describe the steps taken by the Church of Rome in the sixteenth century to meet the challenge of the Protestants to its authority.

45. What were the causes and results of the revolt of the Netherlands?

46. (a) What were the causes of the religious wars in France in the latter part of the sixteenth century? (b) Show how Henry IV restored royal power in France.

47. Give an account of the part played by Sweden in the Thirty Years War.

48. Indicate the main provisions of the Treaty of Westphalia and estimate their importance.

49. Describe the struggle between France and Spain from the Treaty of Westphalia to the Treaty of the Pyrenees.

50. Write brief accounts of any four of the following: (a) Leonardo da Vinci; (b) Pizarro; (c) Caesar Borgia; (d) Louis XII of France; (e) Don John of Austria; (ƒ) Ferdinand II (Holy Roman Emperor); (g) Christina, Queen of Sweden; (h) Turenne.

1660-1789

51. Describe the position of each of the following and explain briefly why they were important in the eighteenth century:

(a) St. Petersburg, (b) the Barrier Fortresses, (c) Antwerp, (d) Bavaria, (e) the Crimea.

52. Discuss the value of Colbert's work in France.

53. Explain how the weakness of the Spanish monarchy affected the relations between the Great Powers in the second half of the seventeenth century.

54. Describe the decline of Sweden as a Great Power between the Treaty of Oliva and the Treaty of Nystadt.

55. Describe the attempts that were made between 1715 and 1740 to upset the peace settlement of Utrecht and explain why they failed.

56. Give an account of the domestic policy of Frederick the Great.

57. Indicate the main provisions of the treaties of Paris and Hubertsburg, 1763, and estimate their importance.

58. Why is Joseph II regarded as an enlightened despot?

59. What were the causes which brought about the three Partitions of Poland?

60. Explain the importance of any four of the following: (a) the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes; (b) the rule of Charles XI in Sweden; (c) the War of the Polish Succession; (d) the Treaty of Aix-laChapelle, 1748; (e) the death of Elizabeth I of Russia; (f) the writings of Voltaire; (g) French participation in the American War of Independence; (h) the meeting of the States General, 1789.

1789-1870

*61. Examine the map of Europe after the Congress of Vienna, 1815; then in your answer-book

(a) name (i) shaded Territory A, (ii) Territory B, (iii) Territory C, (iv) Territory D, (v) Kingdom E, (vi) Territory F, (vii) Territory G, (viii) Island H, (ix) Kingdom J, (x) Duchy K.

(b) What changes were made on France's frontiers in 1815 to strengthen neighbouring countries?

63. Discuss Napoleon I's dealings with Austria and Prussia.

64. Write an account of the reigns of Louis XVIII and Charles X of France.

65. Explain how the Greeks secured their independence.

66. Describe the main events of the revolutions of 1848-9 in (a) Hungary, and (b) Italy, and explain why those who rose in revolt failed to achieve their aims.

67. Show how Bismarck brought about the unification of Germany.

68. Describe the part played by Louis Napoleon (as President and Emperor) in Italian affairs.

69. Outline the domestic and foreign policies of Alexander II of Russia to 1870.

70. Write short accounts of any four of the following: (a) the Directory; (b) the Consulate; (c) the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle; (d) the Carlsbad Decrees; (e) the Sonderbund; (f) the national workshops in Paris; (g) Garibaldi's conquest of Sicily and Naples; (h) Adolphe Thiers (to 1870).

1870-1939

*71. Examine the map of the Balkans in 1913 (page34); then in your answer-book

(a) name (i) State A, (ii) shaded area B, (iii) State C, (iv) shaded area D, (v) Territory E, (vi) State F, (vii) State G, (viii) State H, (ix) Provinces J, (x) Island K.

(b) State the terms of the Treaty of Berlin, 1878.

72. For what reasons and with what success did Bismarck try to secure allies for Germany after 1871?

73. To what extent had France re-established her position as a Great Power by 1904?

74. What were the causes of the first World War?

75. What were the causes of the Russian revolution of 1917?

76. What changes were made in the map of Europe as a result of the Treaties of Versailles, St. Germain and Trianon?