Holinshed Holland JOSIAH GUILBERT, author Friday and Christmas are kept as holi- Holland, editor, was born at days throughout Christendom. Holinshed (hol'inz-hed), RAPHAEL Belchertown, Massachusetts, in 1819. In (RALPH), an English 1844 he was graduated at the Berkshire chronicler of whom nothing more is Medical College, but in his practice reknown than that he was descended from ceived but little encouragement. At the a family originally belonging to Cuesnire, age of 30 he connected himself with the that he lived in the age of Queen Eliza- Springfield Republican. Dr. Holland exbeth, and that he died about 1580. He is hibited remarkable aptitude for journalonly known by his Chronicles of Eng- ism, and the paper soon became vastly lande, Scotlande and Irelande, the first popular. As an author many of his works edition of which, known as the Shakes- were very successful, with immense sales. pere edition,' because it is the one which Prominent among them were Bitteris supposed to have been used by him in sweet, a Dramatic Poem; Sevenoaks, collecting material for his historical plays, Miss Guilbert's Career, and Nicholas was published in London in 1577. In the Mintum, novels, and History of Western preparation of this work Holinshed was Massachusetts. In 1870 Dr. Holland assisted by several of the most learned began editing Scribner's Monthly. He men of the day. died in 1881. Holkar (holkar), the family name Holland, KINGDOM OF. See Nether Holl of the Maharajahs of Indore. lands. (hol), FRANK, portrait and sub- Holland, given to the island or con NEW, the name formerly an eminent engraver, was born at London tinent of Australia. ject painter, son of Francis Holl, in 1845; died in 1888. He was a very Holland, NORTH (Noordholland), successful student at the Royal Academy, and HOLLAND, SOUTH and exhibited constantly from his student (Suidholland), two provinces of the Nethdays. Among his best-known pictures are erlands. The greater part of the former Faces in the Fire, Fern-gatherers, No consists of a peninsula, bounded by the Tidings from the Sea, Leaving Home, and North Sea on the w. and the Zuider Zee Gifts of the Fairies. Later he devoted on the E. Area, 1054 sq. miles. It lies himself to portraiture, in which he greatly very low, some portions of it being at excelled, and painted many of the celebri- least partially below the level of the sea, ties of the day. Holland (holland), a fine and close kind of linen, so called from its first being manufactured in Holland; also a coarser linen fabric, unbleached or dyed brown, used for covering furniture, carpets, etc. a city of Ottawa County, Holland, Michigan, 25 miles 8. W. of Grand Rapids. It has extensive leather works, large woodenware and furniture factories, etc., and is a prominent grain market. It is the seat of Hope College and Western Theological Seminary. Pop. (1920) 12,166. Holland, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL and is generally fertile. A broad margin of downs or sand-hills protects it from the sea on the west. Besides rivers (Vecht, Amstel, Zaan, etc.), it is intersected by the North Holland Canal, the North Sea Canal, and other waterways. The capital is Haarlem; largest city, Amsterdam. Pop. 1,176,450.-SOUTH HOLLAND, the most populous province of the Netherlands, is bounded on the north by North Holland, on the west by the North Sea. The southern part of the province is broken up into several islands. Area, 1166 sq. miles. Like North Holland, it is a flat and depressed tract, and it also is pro tected from the sea on the west by a FOX, THIRD LORD, born in margin of downs or sand-hills. The chief 1773; died in 1840. He succeeded to the river is the Rhine, with its numerous peerage by the death of his father when branches. The lakes were formerly nuless than one year old. In 1798 he took merous, but most of them are now drained. his place in the House of Lords, and The soil is fertile and well cultivated. The as the nephew of Charles James Fox was principal towns are Delft, Dort, Gorkum, at once acknowledged as a Whig leader, Gouda, Leyden, Rotterdam, Schiedam, and a very able orator. In 1806 he was s'Gravenhage (The Hague). Pop. 1,502,commissioner for settling disputes with 100. See Netherlands. the United States: lord privy seal in Holland, PHILEMON, physician. 1806-07; and chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. He wrote Life of Lope de Vega and Foreign Reminiscences, published Three Comedies from the Spanish, and made Holland House the resort of the wit, talent and beauty of his day. teacher, and translatorgeneral of his age,' born at Chelmsford, England, in 1551; died in 1636. He be came master of the free grammar school of Coventry, and also practiced as a physician. His translations include Livy, Hollands Holofernes Pliny, Plutarch's Morals, Suetonius, Greece, and is a frequent ornament of Xenophon, etc., and he published an gardens. There are many varieties, with edition, with additions, of Camden's single and double flowers, characterized Britannia. by the tints of yellow, red, purple and Hollands. See Gin dark purple approaching to black. It reaches a height of 8 feet or more. Hollar (hol'lår), WENZEL or WEN- Holmes (hōmz), MARY JANE (née CESLAUS, a Bohemian enHawes), American author, graver, born at Prague about 1607; died born at Brookfield, Mass., in 1839; died at London in 1677. He accompanied 1907. She was one of the most popular the Earl of Arundel, the British ambassa- of American novelists, over 2,000,000 dor to the German emperor, to London, copies of her books having been sold. who employed him to engrave some of the Among her novels are Dora Ďean, Marion pictures of his collection. Among his Gray, The Cromptons. numerous works, which are esteemed for Holmes (homz), OLIVER WENDELL, their delicate, firm, and spirited execution, writer, born at Cambridge, and which number some 2740 plates, is Massachusetts, in 1809, and educated at a set of twenty-eight plates, entitled Or- Harvard University. He began the study natus Muliebris Anglicanus, representing of law, but in a short time relinquished the dresses of Englishwomen of all ranks it for that of medicine. In 1839 he beand conditions in full length figures; came professor of anatomy and physiology Holbein's Dance of Death, etc. in Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, Hollow Ware, all kinds of vessels order to devote himself to practice in the trade term for but resigned after two years' service in made of cast or wrought iron, and used Boston. In 1847 he was appointed to the for cooking and other purposes. chair of anatomy at Harvard, a position As an author of the order Aquifoliacea, em- he was prolific both in prose and verse, bracing a number of evergreen trees or and shone as a prominent figure in the shrubs. The common holly (I. aquifo- famous group associated with the Atlantic lium) is a native of Europe. It is a Monthly. His chief works, besides sevhandsome, conical evergreen tree, growing eral volumes of poems, and treatises on to the height of 20 or 30 feet. Its leaves medicine, are The Autocrat of the Breakare dark-green, shining, and leathery, fast Table, The Professor at the Breakabundantly armed with prickles on the fast Table, and The Poet at the Breakfast lower branches, but free from them on Table; Elsie Venner, The Guardian the upper, or on very old trees. The Angel, A Mortal Antipathy and Memflowers are white, appearing in May, oirs of Motley and Emerson. He died the fruit is red, ripening in September, October 7, 1894. OLIVER WENDELL, son of the Holly holi; Iler), a genus of plants which he filled till 1882. and remaining on the tree all the winter. Holmes, above, born at Boston 1841; It is excellently adapted for hedges and fences, as it bears clipping. The wood graduated from Harvard in 1861; from is hard and white, and is employed for Harvard Law School in 1866; served in turnery work, knife handles, etc. The the Civil War, and was wounded at Ball's bark yields a mucilaginous substance, Bluff, Antietam and Fredericksburg. In from which birdlime is made. Among 1867 he was admitted to the Massachusthe Romans it was customary to send etts bar; became professor of law at boughs of holly to friends, with new-year's Harvard 1882; chief justice Supreme gifts, as emblematical of good wishes; Court of Massachusetts 1899-1902; asand it is used to decorate houses at sociate justice Supreme Court of the Christmas. paca) is widely diffused throughout the Holmes, geologist, born in Harrison The American holly (Ilex United States 1902. WILLIAM HENRY, American United States. It sometimes attains the height of 80 feet, with a trunk 4 feet in County, Ohio, in 1846. In 1872 he became diameter. The I. glabra is another first assistant and then (1889) geologist cies of holly, inhabitating the coast re- to the United States Geological Survey. gions of the United States. Its leaves Since October, 1902, he has been chief furnished the black drink which used of the Bureau of American Ethnology. a shrubto hold an important place in Indian Holm-oak, Quercus Ilex, ceremonies. The maté or Paraguay tealike tree, native of the plant is a species of holly (I. Paraguay- Mediterranean countries, with holly-like leaves. In its native countries it attains ensis). spe Hollyhock (hol'i-hok), a perennial a considerable size and age. plant. (Althea rosea), Holofernes (hol-o-fer'nez). See nat. order Malvaceæ. It is a native of Judith. Successively law student, physician and Harvard professor of anatomy, Holmes' undying fame rests on his authorship. "The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table" was beloved for his geniality, of which these intimate photographs give some suggestion. Holograph Holy Ghost It Holograph (hol'u-graf), any writ- signed with their own hands, and withing, as a letter, deed, out the countersign of a minister. consisted of a declaration, that, in accordance with the precepts of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the principles of justice, charity, and peace should be the basis of their internal administration, and of their international relations, and that the happiness and religious welfare of their subjects should be their great object. Its real aim, however, was to maintain the will, etc., wholly written by the person from whom it bears to proceed. In Scots law a holograph deed is valid without the signatures of witnesses, but in English law every deed, whether holograph or not, must have the names of two witnesses attached to it to render it valid. The rule as to witnesses varies in the various states of this country. Holoptychius (hol-op-tik'i-us), a power and influence of the existing dv- has a leathery integument open at both ends, and pierced by orifices through which suctorial feet or ambulacra protrude. They have the mouth surrounded by tentacula; a long convoluted alimentary canal; respiratory organs near the anus, and generally in the form of two branching arborescent tubes (forming the Holy Coat of Treves, respiratory tree) into which the water Holy Cross, COLLEGE OF THE, a Roman Colorado, tion of parts, even of vital organs. The Holy Cross Mountain, situated in HERMANN, EDUARD VON, histoHolst, or at Fellin, Livoisia (Russia), in 1841; removed to New York in 1864; was subsequently professor of history at Strasburg and Freiburg. He wrote a very able Constitutional History of the United States, also Corstitutional Law of the United States, and Life of J. C. Calhoun. He died in 1904. Holstein (hol'stin). Holster (hol'ster), a leathern Holstein. See Schleswig case for a pistol, carried by a horseman at the fore part of his saddle, and frequently covered with wool or fur. a league concluded Holy Ghost, according to Trinitari ans, the third Person in the Holy Trinity; according to the Socinians, a Biblical metaphor, to designate the divine influence. The doctrine of the Athanasian creed adopted by Roman Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists alike, is that the Holy Ghost proceeded from both Son and Father, and is coeternal and equal with both. The Eastern Church, however, following Council of Alexandria held in 362, asserts that the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father alone. the Holy Ghost, ORDER OF, an order of and female hospitallers, founded by Guy, son of William. Count of Montpellier, towards the end of the twelfth century, for the relief of the poor, the infirm and foundlings. After ber 26, 1815, between Alexander I, em the middle of the eighteenth century it peror of Russia. Francis of Austria, and was united with the order of St. Lazarus Frederick William III of Prussia, and by Clement XIII. This was also the Holy Alliance, at Paris, Septem 1 |