Zullen wij naar de vauxhall gaan? Ja, ik houd van muzijk. Wij zullen op de viool Spelen. Zij ftemt niet, Zij is eene der beste zangeresfen, Shall we go to vauxhall ? Yes, I like mufick. It is not in tune. She is one of the best fingers. En haar broeder een der And her brother one of the beste acteurs Deze vauxhall is zeer fraai, pen, Zij maken eene fraaije vertooning, Het begint laat te worden, Wij zullen naar huis gaan, best actors. This vauxhall is very fine. Nothing is more magnificent. It is a terreftrial paradife. It is lightened up by many lamps. They make a fine fhow. It begins to grow late. PART. IL O F ETYMOLOGY. SECTION I. Explanation of the parts of Speech. Uitlegging der rededeelen, There are, in the dutch language, ten forts of words, which are generally called the ten parts of speech, viz: Het zelfstandig naamwoord, The fubftantive. Het lidwoord, Het bijvoegelijke naamwoord, Het voornaamwoord, Het werkwoord, De telwoorden, The article. The adjective. The pronoun. The verb. The nouns of numbers. The adverbs. De bijwoorden, De voorzetfels, Het voegwoord, Het tusfchenwerpfel, A fubftantive is a word that denotes a perfon, or a thing. It makes fense by itself, and we can place de, the, or een, a, before it: de man, the man; een boek, a book. An article is a word prefixed to fubftantives, to limit or determine their fignification, as: de, the; сеп, a. An adjective is a word that expresfes the quality of a fubftantive, as: goed, good; lang, long. The pronoun is a word commonly fubftituted in the place of the noun, to avoid its too frequent repetition; for inftance: Ik zag den vader en sprak tot hem, I faw the father, and fpoke to him. In this inftance the word hem, him, is put to avoid the repetition of the word vader, father. The verb is a word which either expresses the ftate of the fubject, or an action done by the fubject, or an action received or fuffered by the fubject, for inftance: zijn, to be; fchrijven, to write; geftraft worden, to be punished. The nouns of number denote the quantity of perfons or things: tien kinderen, ten children; honderd tafels, hundred tables. An adverb is a word that determines the fignification of an adnoun or verb: it expresfes fome particular modification or circumftance of the action or quality, as hard loopen, to run fast; opregt bemin nen, to love fincerely. Prepofitions are words or particles, placed before nouns, or perfonal pronouns, to fhow the relation they have to other words: and it is their being generally placed before these words, that gives them their name. In mijn huis, in my house; door den vader gefchreven, written by the father. Conjunctions are words that join words, fentences, or members of fentences together, in fuch a manner as to fhow their connection with, or dependence upon one an other, as: ik en gij, I and you; hij fchrijft, maar wij Spelen, he writes, but we play. Interjections are words that express fome pasfion or emotion of the mind, as: helaas! alas! oh! oh! SECTION II. Of articles and fubftantives. Van de lidwoorden en zelfstandige naamwoorden: In dutch, there are but two articles de, the; and een a. De, the, is called the definite article, because it ascertains what particular thing or things are meant, as: geef mij de pen, give me the pen; breng ons den hoed, bring us the hat, meaning fome pen or fome hat referred to. Een is ftyled the indefinite article: it is ufed in a vague fense, to point out one fingle thing of the kind, in other respects indeterminate, as: geef mij een boek, give me a book; breng mij eene pen, bring me a pen. The peculiar use and importance of the articles will be seen in the following examples: De zoon van eenen koning, The fon of a king. are Subftantives are either proper, or common. Proper names or fubftantives, eigennamen, names proper to one perfon, or one thing only, as: Alexander, Alexander; Theems, Thames. Common names or fubftantives, gemeene zelfstandige naamwoorden, ftand for kinds containing many forts, or for forts containing many individuals under them, as boom, tree; man, mensch; huis house. To fubftantives belong: gender, geflacht, number, getal, and cafes, naamvallen. I. Of genders. Van de geflachten. In dutch are three genders, the masculine, het mannelijke, the feminine, het vrouwelijke, and the neuter, het onzijdige. It is impostible to give fufficient rules upon the genders, the following one's will, however, facilitate the beginners. Masculine are: I. All the words fignifying males, as: koning, king; staatsdienaar, minister; bakker, baker; Pieter Peter; Jan, John. 1. Exceptions: wacht, guard; lijfwacht, lifeguard; nachtwacht, nightguard; which are feminine. 2. The names of precious ftones: de agaat, the agate; de faffier, the taphire; de diamant, the diamond. 3. Words ending in dom, and expresfing a rank, ftation or circumftance, as: de adeldom, the nobility; de ouderdom, old age; de rijkdom, riches; de eigendom propriety. 4. Almost all the words ending in rm, em, fem, Im, as: de bliksem, lightning; de arm, the arm; de bezem, the broom; de bodem, the bottom; de galm, the found; de worm, the worm; de vorm, the mould. Feminine are: i. The names of women, and all the words fignifying females, as: Maria, Mary; Catharina, Cathe rine; de koningin, the queen; de naaifter, the feamftress; de abtdis, the abbess; de tijgerin, the tigress. Ecception: het wijf, the wife; het meisje, the girl; which are neuter. 2. All the letters of the alphabeth, as: eene b, a b; eene a, an a. 3. The numbers with an article: de zes, the fix; de zeven, the feventh. The collective numbers are neuter: het honderd, an hundred; het dozin, a dozen; het twintigtal, a fcore or twenty; het duizend, a thousand. |