throughout the north Atlantic extending on the Euro pean side from the glacial ocean to the southern shores of France." Harv. Iridæa edulis, Stack. Harv. Man. p. 150. Not described among the American species in the Ner. Bor.-Am., the speci men before us is small, but the characters are well marked. Halosaccion ramentaceum, J. Ag. P. 194. Common on every shore. Murray Bay, Point des Monts. Furcellaria fastigiata, Lyngb. P. 195. In rock pools near low, water mark. Murray Bay and Metis. A robust specimen was collected by Mr. Bell, Can. Geo. Sur. at Gaspé. Furcellaria divaricata, Harv. MS. Deep water, Murray Bay. This plant is neither in the Manual nor the Ner. Bor.Am. of Harvey, but is so named by him in MS. Order XIII-CERAMIACEÆ. Ceramium rubrum, Ag. P. 213. Abundant on stones and other Algæ, Point des Monts. Ceramium fastigiatum, Harv. P. 217. Metis. Ceramium Hooperi, Harv. MS. On perpendicular sides of rocks. Murray Bay and St. Nicholas. Not Common. Ceramium gracillimum, Kutz. Harv. Man. p. 163. Collected by Mr. D. A. Poe at Metis. Ptilota serrata, Kutz. P. 222. Very abundant at Murray Bay. Ptilota elegans, Bonnem. P. 224. In the collection of Mr. D. A. Poe. North shore. Callithamnion Pylaisai, Mont. P. 239. A most beautiful and delicate plant. Murray Bay. Our specimens are in fine fruit. Sub-Class III.-CHLOROSPERMEÆ OR GREEN ALGE. Order IV.-ULVACEÆ. Porphyra vulgaris, Ag. P. 53. Very abundant on the rocks of both shores. P. laciniata is nothing more than a cleft variety of this plant, both are used in England in the preparation of Marine Sauce, or laver. Bangia fuscopurpurea, Lyngb. P. 54. On top and within the seams of rocks near high water mark, Point des Monts. Enteromorpha compressa, Grev. P. 57. Extremely common and variable. Under one or other of its many forms this species is found on all parts of our American coasts. Enteromorpha intestinalis, Link. P. 57. In rills of fresh water covered at high tide. Murray Bay. Enteromorpha clathrata var., erecta, Lyngb. Harv. Man. p. 214. In rock pools near low water. Murray Bay. Enteromorpha clathrata, var., ramulosa, Grev. P. 57. Harv. Man. p. 215. In rock pools. In the Ner. Bor.-Am. Harvey agrees with Greville in considering E. erecta and ramulosa of authors as varieties, if not also synonyms of E. clathrata. Ulva Linza, Linn. P. 59. Common on all the shores; easily known by its tapering base and linear lanceolate form. Ulva latissima, Linn. P. 59. Verycommon. Form polymorphous: Order VI.-CONFERVACEÆ. Cladophora arcta Dillw. P. 75. On rocks near low water mark. Cladophora gracilis, Griff. P. 81. Murray Bay. Metis. In rock pools at low tide. Chatomorpha melagonium, Web. & Mohr. P. 85. In rook pools near low water mark, North shore. This plant was formerly called Conferva melagonium, but Harv. in the latest of his publications thus designates the genus. Chatomorpha longiarticulata, Harv. P. 86. Halosaccion. North shore. Parasitical on Hormotrichum Younganum, Dillw. P. 89. From the iron bar of a buoy, Rimouski. The plants under this genus have hitherto been placed either in Conferva or Lyngbya. Hormotrichum Carmichalii, Harv. P. 90. On top of stones near high water mark, Murray Bay. Rhizoclonium riparium, Roth. P. 92. In seams of rocks, Murray Bay. Also found in Greenland. Order IX-OSCILLATORIACEÆ. Lyngbya ferruginea, Ag. P. 102. On top of rooks near low water mark, Bic. RIVULARIÆ, Hass. Raphidia viridis, Hass. British Fresh-water Algæ, p. 265, pł 64, fig. 3. In rock pools, Point des Monts. This plant bears some resemblance to the Rivularia nitida of Harvey's Man. p. 222; but although a salt-water species it is yet more like the R. viridis of Hass. which abounds in the fresh-water of the St. Lawrence. ARTICLE V.-Unusual modes of Gestation in Batrachians and Fishes. [Prof. Wyman of Harvard has lately returned from an excursion across North America, in the course of which he has collected many curious facts in natural history; among others, the following, which we extract from a communication to the Boston Society of Natural History.] 66 Among Batrachians the circumstances under which the young are developed, though less varied than in some of the other classes of vertebrates, still present a considerable range. By most species the eggs are deposited in the water either upon aquatic plants or on the bottoms; by others, as in Salamandra erythronota, they are laid in damp places under logs or stones; with some the evolution of the embryo commences a short time previous to the laying of the egg and is completed subsequently, while there are species which are wholly viviparous. "The most remarkable deviations from the ordinary modes are to be found in those instances in which the eggs, after being laid, are again brought into a more or less intimate relation with the parent, as in the "Swamp toads" (Pipa Americana) of Guiana, where each ovum is developed in a sac by itself on the back of the female, in Notodelphys of Venezuela, where all the eggs are lodged in one large sac, also on the back, and is analogous to the pouch of the Marsupials, and in Alytes, the "Obstetric toad" of Europe, where the eggs are wound in strings around the legs of the male, who takes care of them until they hatch. "The species, the habits of which are noticed below, and which, in so far as I have been able to learn, have not attracted the attention of naturalists, adds another to the series just mentioned, though the relation of the fœtus to the parent becomes less intimate than in any of the preceding cases. "Hylodes lineatus (Dum. and Bib.) is very common in Dutch Guiana, and its peculiar habits are well known to the colonists. The first specimen with young which came to my notice had been preserved in alcohol, and was presented to me by Mr. G. O. Wacker, residing at Osembo, on the Para Creek, Surinam, and had been captured at some distance from the water. The young, ten or twelve in number, though separated from the parent, he assured me, when found, were attached to the back. "In the month of May, 1857, during an excursion to the country inhabited by the Bush negroes, above Sara Creek on the upper Surinam River, I had an opportunity for the first time of seeing these animals carrying their young. The grass and bushes were quite wet from a recent fall of rain, and this seemed the inducement that led them from their hiding places, for when the ground was dry none had been seen. They were very quick in their movements, and when alarmed went at once into the grass and thick bushes. One of my companions, Mr. John Green, and myself succeeded in capturing some specimens, which, as we were just leaving the village, were placed at once in alcohol. In one instance the larvæ were retained permanently adherent to the back of the parent, in consequence of the coagulation of the mucus covering the surface of the body, and are still preserved in the Museum of Comparative Anatomy at Cambridge. The young, from twelve to twenty in number, were collected upon the back of the mother, their heads directed towards the middle line. They were about three-fourths of an inch in length. No limbs were developed, though in some of them the rudiments of a leg existed in the form of a small papilla on either side of the base of the tail. No especial organ was found to aid them in adhering to the back of the parent. The adhesion may have been effected by the mouth. This is rendered probable by the fact that all of them had the mouth in contact either with the skin of the parent or with that of another larva. A viscid mucus covering the integuments undoubtedly assisted in some measure to bring about the same results. However this may be, they retained their places perfectly well, and were not displaced when their mother, closely pursued, carried them through the grass. "On dissection of the young nothing was found materially different to conditions of the larvæ of other Anoura. The external gills had disappeared, but were replaced by internal ones, which were arranged as usual on three hyoid arches. The development of the lungs had commenced, and these were represented by a slender conical mass of cells, but not permeable to air. The mouth was provided with finely denticulated horny jaws, and the intestinal canal was shorter and less spirally convoluted than in ordinary larvæ of frogs and toads. The stomach was not so much developed as to be distinguished from the rest of the intestine; but this last, after passing the liver, was somewhat dilated, and contained, as was shown by the microscope, large quantities of yolk cells which had not been absorbed and which were adherent to its walls. We have here then a larva, in all of the details of its structure, especially in the existence of gills and of a flattened tail, adapted to aquatic locomotion and respiration, yet passing a portion of its time at least on the back of its parent and at a distance from the water. I was not able to ascertain whether the eggs were primarily deposited in the water or not, but it is well known to some of the colonists that after the larvæ have reached a certain degree of development they are carried about in the manner just described and they do not know them under any other circumstances. The existence of yolk cells in the intestine, shows that for a period at least they may have from these a supply of nutriment. But after this is exhausted, and it appeared to be nearly so in those which I have dissected, how do they obtain their food? In the absence of limbs adapted to terrestrial locomotion can they leave the body of the parent? and if they cannot, do they, as in the case of Pipa and probably in Notodelphys, depend upon a secretion from her? Among Fishes, as far as at present known, the external conditions under which the eggs are developed are more varied than in any other class of Vertebrates. There are scarce any known conditions of the higher classes to which there are not analogies at least in the class of fishes. Besides the ordinary mode of depositing eggs upon the bottoms, some of the Salmonidæ, like the turtles, bury their eggs, the Lampreys (Petromyzon), the Breams, (Pomotis), the Hassars (Callicthys), the Stickle-backs, (Gasterostei), &c., build more or less complete nests. Among some of the Pipe Fishes, (Syngnathida), the eggs and subsequently the young, are carried in a pouch analogous to that of the opossums and other marsupial animals, and among some of the Sharks |