Holland, war with, 594, 613; severe contests with her navy, 595; politi- cal position of, 662. (See DUTCH and FLANDERS.)
Holland, Sir John, 340, 341. Holianders. (See Low COUNTRIES, and NETHERLANDS.)
Hollis, imprisonment of, 543; accused of high treason, 565. Holmes, Admiral Sir Robert, captures New York, 614.
Holy Alliance, 769; England refuses
all connexion with the, ib.
Holy Land, crusades to the, 132, 213. Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, dis- putes respecting the, 801. Homildon Hill, battle of, 354. Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, supports the Reformation, 457; burnt, 466. Horsa, 38.
Hotham, Sir John, imprisoned, 556; parliamentary governor of Hull, 566; refuses permission to the king to enter, ib.; plot of, to surrender the city, 569. Hotspur, son of Percy Earl of North- umberland, 354, 356; his victory at Homildon Hill, 354; slain at Shrewsbury, 355.
Hough, Dr., 642, 645.
House of Commons. (See COMMONS. House of.)
Howard, son of Lord Surrey, 446. Howard of Effingham, Admiral-in- chief against the Spaniards, 489. Howard of Escrick, cowardice and treachery of, 627.
Howard, Catherine, married to Henry VIII., 445; her execution, ib. Howard, Frances, the divorced wife of the Earl of Essex, 523, 524; her trial and disgrace, 525.
Howard, Mrs. (Countess of Suffolk), 695.
Hubert of Canterbury, declaration of,
Hugh the Merchant, the assumed name of Richard I., 218.
Hugo, Abbot of Cluny, 138. Huguenots of France, dreadful mas-
sacre of the, 481; crushed, 545. Humbert, General, 738.
Hungary, disputes respecting the Aus- trian succession to the kingdom of, 698.
Hunt, Henry, prosecuted, 757. Huntley, Earl of, 418. Huskisson, Mr., the supporter of free- trade principles, 770.
Ich dien, motto of, 307. Ichenild road, 23 n.
Icon Basilike, publication of the, 589; its authorship, 590.
Ida, first king of Northumberland, 48. Images, reverence of, abolished, 454. Imprisonment without trial declared illegal, 540.
Ina, the Saxon king, 47.
Income-tax levied by Pitt, 739. Independents, party spirit of the, 581; send Colonel Purge to clear the House of Commons, 580, 581; their acts and motives, 602.
India, affairs of, 713; impeachment and trial of Warren Hastings for mal-administration in, 732, 733; historical retrospect of our posses- sions in, 812; government of, trans- ferred from the East India Com- pany to the Imperial Crown of England, 814.
India Bill introduced by Pitt, 731. Indian empire, acquisition of the, 718. Indian mutiny, 810; sanguinary con-
tests, 810-812; defeat and punish- ment of the rebels, 812.
Indulgence, Declaration of, 619; resis- tance to the reading of the, 642. (See BISHOPS)
Inkerman, battle of, 805.
Innocent III., his sanguinary cha- racter, 232; his quarrel with King John, ib.; lays an interdict on Eng- land, 233; excommunicates King John, and absolves his subjects from their allegiance, ib.; John resigns his crown, and receives it as liegeman of the Holy See, 235;
excommunicates the barons for ex- torting Magna Charta, 239. Interdict laid on the kingdom by
Innocent III., 233. Interregnum, 648.
Ireland presented by the Pope as a solemn donation to Henry II., 174; conquest of, by Henry II., 200, 201; submission of the Irish chieftains, 201; King John's exactions from, 234; subdued by King John, and brought under English laws, 241; the Scotch pass over to, and ravage the northern borders, 284; disaffec- tion in, 412, 493; Earl of Essex appointed viceroy, 494; military success against the rebels, 497; Spaniards make a descent on, and are all captured, 501; James II. lands in, and is enthusiastically received, 653; his defeat and flight from, 655; rebellion in, 563; whole- sale murders of the Irish Protes- tants, ib.; Cromwell's successful campaign in, 590; rebellion in, 736; sanguinary contests in, 736, 737; wholesale executions, 738; landing of the French at, and their capture, ib.; the bitterness of feeling exist- ing in, ib.; union of the Irish and English Parliaments, 739; disaf- fection and rebellion in, 742; con- tending factions of, 764; continued agitation in, 771, 775, 787; famine in, 795; O'Brien's rebellion in, 796. Ireton, General, in Ireland, 590; his body hung, 609.
Irish invade England, and are de- feated, 413, 414; support Perkin Warbeck, 416. (See IRELAND.) Irish Church, reforms in the, 782. Irish halfpence, Wood's patent for coining, 692.
Irish Parliament repeals the Act of Settlement, and passes various ob- noxious measures, 655; its union with the English Parliament, 739. Ironsides, the, commanded by General
Monk, 605; their military enthu- siasm, 570; victorious at Marston Moor, 571.
Isabella, Countess of Angouleme,
wife of Count de la Marche, 229; forcibly married to King John, ib. Isabella of France, daughter of Philip the Fair, married to Edward II. of Eugland, 279; her hatred of the
king, 287, 288; her attachment to Mortimer, 288; her intrigues against her husband, b; invades the country, 288, 290; usurps the power of the State after her hus band's death, 291; banished, 294. Isabella, wife of Richard II., 344. Isle of Man captured by Bruce, 281. Isle of Wight burnt and pillaged by
the French, 329; ravaged by the French, 356.
Italy, the French driven from, 675. Ivica, capture of, 671.
J. JACKSON, General, 760. Jacobites, factious spirit of the, 657; hopes of the, 679; Queen Anne favourable to the, ib.; support the Pretender, 684.
Jacquery, insurrection of the, $20. Jamaica, captured by Penn and
Venables, 598; disturbances in, 791. James, Prince of Scotland (after-
wards James I.), his captivity, 858, 375; released, 375.
James I. of England (James VI. of Scotland), reign of, 502–531. (See Analysis, 502.)
James, Duke of York (afterwards James II.), 611; marries the daugh- ter of Hyde, Lord Clarendon, ib.; defeats the Dutch in a naval action, 614, 615; an avowed and zealous papist, 620; his atrocious cruelties and infamous character, 625, 629; his accession to the throne, 631. (See James II.)
James II., reign of, 631-646 (see Analysis, 631); expelled from the kingdom, 646; sails from Brest with a French expedition against Ireland, 652; a rising in his favour, ib.; he lands at Dublin, 653; his triumphant reception by the Irish parliament, ib.; his defeat, and flight, 655; his death, ib.; his son acknowledged by Louis XIV. as King of England, ib.; national indignation excited thereby, ib. James III. (son of James II.) (See PRETENDER.)
James IV. of Scotland, 417, 426; married to Margaret Tudor, 420. James V. of Scotland, death of, 446. James VI., son of Mary Queen of
Scots (afterwards James I. of Eng-
land), 488; nominated by Elizabeth as her successor, 498; his character, 504; succeeds to the English throne. (See JAMES I.)
Jaqueline of Holland, 376, 380; mar- ried to the Duke of Gloucester, ib. Jena, battle of, 744.
Jeffreys, Chief Justice, his sanguinary character, 627, 629; his "bloody assizes," 636; his heartless cruelties, ib. his sanguinary career, 637. Jenkins, a victim of Spanish cruelty, 697.
Jennings, Sarah (Countess of Marl-
borough), her influence with the
queen, 668. Jerusalem, kingdom of, threatened by the Mohammedans, 206; crusade in defence of, 207.
Jervis, Admiral Sir John, 736. (See ST. VINCENT.)
Jesuits, punishment of, 491; legisla- tive measures against, 501. Jews, King John's exactions from the, 234; extortions from, temp. Henry III., 246; their banishment, 278. Joan of Arc, 377; her defence of Orleans, 378; captured, and exe- cuted at Rouen, 379.
Joanna, Princess of England, 292. Joanna, Queen of Castile, 421; goes mad, 422.
John de Grey nominated to the See of Canterbury, 232. John d'Aire, 309, 310. John of Beverley, 161. John the Merciless, Bishop of Liege, 380.
John, son of Henry II. (afterwards
King John), rebels against his father, 209, 210; his disputes with Bishop Longchamp, 215; mean submission to his brother Richard after his return from the crusades, 222; reign of, 226-241. (See Analy- sis, 226.)
John II. of France, his chivalrous character, 315; his war with Eng- land, 316; defeated at Poitiers, and taken prisoner, 317, 318; generous treatment of, 318; his death, 321. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 323; his cabals, 324, 329; in com- mand of the fleet, 330; plots for and against, 340; his ascendancy, 341; his death, and confiscation of his estates, 347.
Johnstone, Sir William, 711. Joiner, execution of, 625. Josephine, Empress, divorced, 747; death of, 750.
Juliana, daughter of Henry I., and wife of Constance de Breteuil, 154; her cruel treatment, 155.
Julius Cæsar, his quarrel with the Veneti, 5; his first acquaintance with the Britons, ib.; his invasion of Britain, 6; resistance of the natives, ib.; period of his in- vasion, 7.
Julius II., Pope, 426. Jumieges, Archbishop, 81. Jutes, 34.
Juxon, Bishop, 576; attends Charles's last moments, 584.
KARS, capture of, by the Russians, 808.
Keith, Sir Robert, at the battle of Bannockburn, 283.
Kendal, Duchess of, 689. Kenilworth, edict of, 255; Edward II. imprisoned at, 289, 290.
Kenmuir, Earl, beheaded for treason, 686.
Keon, Father, the Irish rebel, 737. Kent, Anglo-Saxon kingdom of, 38, 40, 43, 94 n.; men of, 335. Kent, Earl of, tried and executed,
Kent, Duke of, married to the Princess of Leiningen, 758; the father of Queen Victoria, ib.
Killicrankie, battle of, 653. Kilmarnock, Lord, beheaded, 703. Kilsyth, victory of, 574.
Kimbolton, Lord, secret arrest of, 565. Kineton, battle near, 567.
King or Parliament, the general cry,
Kirkpatrick of Closeburn, 276. Knighthood on the wane, temp.
Edward IV., 295; rendered com- pulsory by Charles I., 546; the compulsory system abolished, 561. Knights and burgesses first summoned to Parliament, 252. Knight's fee. 111.
Knights Templars abolished, and the Grand Master executed, 290. Knox, John. 478, 510. Kyber Pass, 814.
LA FAYETTE, General, in America, 729.
La Hire, of France, 376, 377.
La Hogue, landing of Edward III. at, 305; battle of, 659.
Labour, salutary laws enacted in favour of, 314.
Lambert, General, dismisses the Par- liament, 604; establishes a com- mittee of public safety, ib.; insti- tutes a military government, 604, 605.
Lambeth, Palace of, burnt by the mob, 333.
Lancaster, House of, its revolutionary struggles with the House of York, 352; the red rose its emblem, ib.; overthrown as a rival house when Edward Duke of York succeeds to the throne, 389. Lancaster, Henry, Earl of, captures
Edward II. in Wales, and imprisons him at Kenilworth, where he is eventually put to death, 289, 290. Lancaster, Henry, Duke of (see BOLINGBROKE), his assumption of power, 348; proclaimed king. (See HENRY IV.)
Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of, besieges the De Spensers, and causes their banishment, 286; taken prisoner, and savagely executed, 286, 287; his estimable character, 287. Lancastrians, their contests with the Yorkists, 385 et seq.; their defeats, 391, 392.
Lanfranc, 88, 95; death of 127; his learning and influence, ib. Langton, Stephen, appointed by the
Pope to the See of Canterbury, 232; accepted by King John, 235. Latimer, Bishop, supports the Re- formation, 457; his imprisonment, 462; burnt, 467.
Latin language studied by the British chieftains, 19.
Laud, Archbishop, the supporter of absolutism, 538, 542; his atrocious character, 544; imprisonment of, 558; his execution, 561. Lauderdale, his ferocious despotism, 616.
Lawrence, General, 811.
Laws, James II. assumes the power
of dispensing with the, 633, 640; disgraceful state of our, 767.
Lay impropriators, position of the,
Leake, Admiral Sir John, 670; cap- tures Ivica and Majorca, 671. Learning, spread of, after the intro- duction of printing, 410, 411. Leeds, castle of, in Kent, 286. Leicester, Sir Robert Dudley, the favourite of Queen Elizabeth, 481,
Leicester, Earl of. (See MONTFORT.) Leighton, Rev. Dr., tried for sedition before the Star Chamber, and con- demned to the pillory and mutila- tion, 547.
Leiningen, Princess of, married to the Duke of Kent, 758. Leipsic, battle of, 749. Leith, siege of, 477. Leo X., Pope, 429.
Leopold of Austria seizes and im- prisons Richard I. of England, 219; and obtains a heavy ransom for his release, 220.
Leopold, Prince of Saxe-Coburg, husband of Princess Charlotte, 758. Leslie, General, defeats the English,
Leslie, Lord Leven, joins the parlis- mentary forces, 571; his heroism at Marston Moor, ib. "Levellers," 516; their fanaticism,
Lewes, the king's forces defeated at, by Simon de Montfort, 251, 252; "Mise of," 252.
Ligny, battle of, 753.
Limerick, siege of, 656.
Limoges, capture of, and slaughter of the inhabitants, 323.
Lincoln, Stephen's forces defeated at, 171; Louis of France and the rebellious barons defeated at, 243. Lincoln, John, Earl of, 413. Lindsay of Crawford, 276. Linlithgow captured by Bruce, 281. Lisle, Lady Alice, execution of, 637. Literature of Elizabeth's age, 499;
Littleton, the Gunpowder Plot con- spirator, 514.
Littleton, Attorney-general of Charles I., 543.
Liturgy, English reform of the, 454, 458; restored, 474.
verpool, Lord, death of, 771. ewellyn, Prince of Wales, 261; de- feated by Edward I., 262; captured and slain, 263.
oans forced by Charles I., 538. oddon Bridge, meeting of barons and bishops at, 215.
ollards, the, 329; persecutions of the, 357, 361; execution of, 365. London captured by the Gaels, 18; great massacre in, ib.; a great por- tion burnt, 120, 241; its enlarge- ment prohibited, 547; plague of, 616; fire of, ib.; deprived of its charters, 626.
Londonderry, siege of, 654. "Long Parliament," 557; restored, 603.
Longbeard, William, resists excessive
taxation, 222; is slain, 223. Longchamp, William, Chancellor and Justiciary, 215; his despotism, ib.; tried by his peers, and deposed, 215, 216; his flight, 216; joins Richard I. at Worms, and defends
him against his accusers, 219, 220. Lopez, the physician of Queen Eliza- beth, 491.
Lords, House of, declared a nuisance, 589; summoned by Cromwell, 598. Loudon Hill, Bruce defeats the English at, 278.
Louis VII. aids the sons of Henry II. in their revolt against their father, 203; defeated by Henry, 204; con- cludes a peace, 206.
Louis, Prince of France (Louis VIII.), the English barons swear fealty to, 240; invades the country, ib.; de- feated at Lincoln, and his troops captured, 243; is compelled to quit the country, 244; at war with England, 245.
Louis IX. of France, his crusade to
the Holy Land, and death, 256. Louis XI. of France, 185. Louis XII. of France, 426. Louis XIV. of France assists the Dutch, 615; makes a secret treaty with Charles II. against them, 617; his victories in the Netherlands, 618; his interference with the British Parliament, 620; continues the pension of Charles II. to his brother James, 633; his revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 639; his object to secure the Spanish throne
to his own family, 664; this inten- tion opposed by King William, ib.; acknowledges the son of James II. as King of England, 665; exaspera- tion of the British at the insult, 666; at war with, 669; his armies driven from Flanders, Italy, and Sardinia, 675; makes overtures of peace, ib.
Louis XVI., his execution, 734. Louis XVIII., his flight from Paris, 752.
Louis Philippe ascends the throne of France, 784; dethronement of, 797.
Lovat, Lord, beheaded, 703. Low Countries, their prosperity, temp. Edward III., 298; their assistance to Edward III, 299; commercial concessions to the, 372; the Duke of Alva's cruelties in the, 481, 482; assisted by England, 482, 483; Elizabeth accepts the protectorate of the, 483; junction of their navy with England against Spain, 492. (See DUTCH FLANDERS AND HOL- LAND.)
Lowlanders of Scotland, their hatred of England, 160.
Lucknow, garrison of, besieged, 811. Lunsford, Colonel, 564.
Luther attacked by Henry VIII., 432. M.
MACCLESFIELD, Lord, venality of 691.
M'Donalds of Glencoe, family of, 659. Macdonald, Flora, 703.
Macintosh, Sir James, 767; condem- nation of, for treason, 686. M'Murrough, Dermot, 201. Magdeburg, atrocities at, 546. Magna Charta extorted by the barons from King John, 237; its impor- tant social objects, 237, 238; an- nulled by the Pope, 239; contests thence arising, 239, 240; fully es- tablished, 245; again solemnly ra- tified by Henry III., 255; confirmed by Edward I., 272.
Maid of Kent, 440; executed 441. Main, political sect so called, 507. Maine ceded to the French, 381. Maitland, Captain, 754. Majorca, capture of, 671. Malakoff, at Sebastopol, attacks on the, and final capture, 806, 808.
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