Holland, war with, 594, 613; severe
contests with her navy, 595; politi-
cal position of, 662. (See DUTCH
and FLANDERS.)

Holland, Sir John, 340, 341.
Holianders. (See Low COUNTRIES,
and NETHERLANDS.)

Hollis, imprisonment of, 543; accused
of high treason, 565.
Holmes, Admiral Sir Robert, captures
New York, 614.

Holy Alliance, 769; England refuses

all connexion with the, ib.

Holy Land, crusades to the, 132, 213.
Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, dis-
putes respecting the, 801.
Homildon Hill, battle of, 354.
Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, supports
the Reformation, 457; burnt, 466.
Horsa, 38.

Hotham, Sir John, imprisoned, 556;
parliamentary governor of Hull,
566; refuses permission to the king
to enter, ib.; plot of, to surrender
the city, 569.
Hotspur, son of Percy Earl of North-
umberland, 354, 356; his victory
at Homildon Hill, 354; slain at
Shrewsbury, 355.

Hough, Dr., 642, 645.

House of Commons. (See COMMONS.
House of.)

Howard, son of Lord Surrey, 446.
Howard of Effingham, Admiral-in-
chief against the Spaniards, 489.
Howard of Escrick, cowardice and
treachery of, 627.

Howard, Catherine, married to Henry
VIII., 445; her execution, ib.
Howard, Frances, the divorced wife of
the Earl of Essex, 523, 524; her
trial and disgrace, 525.

Howard, Mrs. (Countess of Suffolk),
695.

Hubert of Canterbury, declaration of,

Hugh de Morville, 197.

833

Hugh the Merchant, the assumed name
of Richard I., 218.

Hugo, Abbot of Cluny, 138.
Huguenots of France, dreadful mas-

sacre of the, 481; crushed, 545.
Humbert, General, 738.

Hungary, disputes respecting the Aus-
trian succession to the kingdom of,
698.

Hunt, Henry, prosecuted, 757.
Huntley, Earl of, 418.
Huskisson, Mr., the supporter of free-
trade principles, 770.

ICENI, the, 94 n.

I.

Ich dien, motto of, 307.
Ichenild road, 23 n.

Icon Basilike, publication of the, 589;
its authorship, 590.

Ida, first king of Northumberland, 48.
Images, reverence of, abolished, 454.
Imprisonment without trial declared
illegal, 540.

Ina, the Saxon king, 47.

Income-tax levied by Pitt, 739.
Independents, party spirit of the, 581;
send Colonel Purge to clear the
House of Commons, 580, 581; their
acts and motives, 602.

India, affairs of, 713; impeachment
and trial of Warren Hastings for
mal-administration in, 732, 733;
historical retrospect of our posses-
sions in, 812; government of, trans-
ferred from the East India Com-
pany to the Imperial Crown of
England, 814.

India Bill introduced by Pitt, 731.
Indian empire, acquisition of the, 718.
Indian mutiny, 810; sanguinary con-

tests, 810-812; defeat and punish-
ment of the rebels, 812.

Indulgence, Declaration of, 619; resis-
tance to the reading of the, 642.
(See BISHOPS)

Inkerman, battle of, 805.

Innocent III., his sanguinary cha-
racter, 232; his quarrel with King
John, ib.; lays an interdict on Eng-
land, 233; excommunicates King
John, and absolves his subjects
from their allegiance, ib.; John
resigns his crown, and receives it
as liegeman of the Holy See, 235;

excommunicates the barons for ex-
torting Magna Charta, 239.
Interdict laid on the kingdom by

Innocent III., 233.
Interregnum, 648.

Ireland presented by the Pope as a
solemn donation to Henry II., 174;
conquest of, by Henry II., 200, 201;
submission of the Irish chieftains,
201; King John's exactions from,
234; subdued by King John, and
brought under English laws, 241;
the Scotch pass over to, and ravage
the northern borders, 284; disaffec-
tion in, 412, 493; Earl of Essex
appointed viceroy, 494; military
success against the rebels, 497;
Spaniards make a descent on, and
are all captured, 501; James II.
lands in, and is enthusiastically
received, 653; his defeat and flight
from, 655; rebellion in, 563; whole-
sale murders of the Irish Protes-
tants, ib.; Cromwell's successful
campaign in, 590; rebellion in, 736;
sanguinary contests in, 736, 737;
wholesale executions, 738; landing
of the French at, and their capture,
ib.; the bitterness of feeling exist-
ing in, ib.; union of the Irish and
English Parliaments, 739; disaf-
fection and rebellion in, 742; con-
tending factions of, 764; continued
agitation in, 771, 775, 787; famine
in, 795; O'Brien's rebellion in, 796.
Ireton, General, in Ireland, 590; his
body hung, 609.

Irish invade England, and are de-
feated, 413, 414; support Perkin
Warbeck, 416. (See IRELAND.)
Irish Church, reforms in the, 782.
Irish halfpence, Wood's patent for
coining, 692.

Irish Parliament repeals the Act of
Settlement, and passes various ob-
noxious measures, 655; its union
with the English Parliament, 739.
Ironsides, the, commanded by General

Monk, 605; their military enthu-
siasm, 570; victorious at Marston
Moor, 571.

Isabella, Countess of Angouleme,

wife of Count de la Marche, 229;
forcibly married to King John, ib.
Isabella of France, daughter of Philip
the Fair, married to Edward II. of
Eugland, 279; her hatred of the

king, 287, 288; her attachment to
Mortimer, 288; her intrigues
against her husband, b; invades
the country, 288, 290; usurps the
power of the State after her hus
band's death, 291; banished, 294.
Isabella, wife of Richard II., 344.
Isle of Man captured by Bruce, 281.
Isle of Wight burnt and pillaged by

the French, 329; ravaged by the
French, 356.

Italy, the French driven from, 675.
Ivica, capture of, 671.

J.
JACKSON, General, 760.
Jacobites, factious spirit of the, 657;
hopes of the, 679; Queen Anne
favourable to the, ib.; support the
Pretender, 684.

Jacquery, insurrection of the, $20.
Jamaica, captured by Penn and

Venables, 598; disturbances in, 791.
James, Prince of Scotland (after-

wards James I.), his captivity, 858,
375; released, 375.

James I. of England (James VI. of
Scotland), reign of, 502–531. (See
Analysis, 502.)

James, Duke of York (afterwards
James II.), 611; marries the daugh-
ter of Hyde, Lord Clarendon, ib.;
defeats the Dutch in a naval action,
614, 615; an avowed and zealous
papist, 620; his atrocious cruelties
and infamous character, 625, 629;
his accession to the throne, 631.
(See James II.)

James II., reign of, 631-646 (see
Analysis, 631); expelled from the
kingdom, 646; sails from Brest
with a French expedition against
Ireland, 652; a rising in his favour,
ib.; he lands at Dublin, 653; his
triumphant reception by the Irish
parliament, ib.; his defeat, and
flight, 655; his death, ib.; his
son acknowledged by Louis XIV.
as King of England, ib.; national
indignation excited thereby, ib.
James III. (son of James II.) (See
PRETENDER.)

James IV. of Scotland, 417, 426;
married to Margaret Tudor, 420.
James V. of Scotland, death of, 446.
James VI., son of Mary Queen of

Scots (afterwards James I. of Eng-

land), 488; nominated by Elizabeth
as her successor, 498; his character,
504; succeeds to the English throne.
(See JAMES I.)

Jaqueline of Holland, 376, 380; mar-
ried to the Duke of Gloucester, ib.
Jena, battle of, 744.

Jeffreys, Chief Justice, his sanguinary
character, 627, 629; his "bloody
assizes," 636; his heartless cruelties,
ib. his sanguinary career, 637.
Jenkins, a victim of Spanish cruelty,
697.

Jennings, Sarah (Countess of Marl-

borough), her influence with the

queen, 668.
Jerusalem, kingdom of, threatened by
the Mohammedans, 206; crusade
in defence of, 207.

Jervis, Admiral Sir John, 736. (See
ST. VINCENT.)

Jesuits, punishment of, 491; legisla-
tive measures against, 501.
Jews, King John's exactions from the,
234; extortions from, temp. Henry
III., 246; their banishment, 278.
Joan of Arc, 377; her defence of
Orleans, 378; captured, and exe-
cuted at Rouen, 379.

Joanna, Princess of England, 292.
Joanna, Queen of Castile, 421; goes
mad, 422.

John de Grey nominated to the See
of Canterbury, 232.
John d'Aire, 309, 310.
John of Beverley, 161.
John the Merciless, Bishop of Liege,
380.

John, son of Henry II. (afterwards

King John), rebels against his
father, 209, 210; his disputes with
Bishop Longchamp, 215; mean
submission to his brother Richard
after his return from the crusades,
222; reign of, 226-241. (See Analy-
sis, 226.)

John II. of France, his chivalrous
character, 315; his war with Eng-
land, 316; defeated at Poitiers, and
taken prisoner, 317, 318; generous
treatment of, 318; his death, 321.
John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster,
323; his cabals, 324, 329; in com-
mand of the fleet, 330; plots for
and against, 340; his ascendancy,
341; his death, and confiscation of
his estates, 347.

835

Johnstone, Sir William, 711.
Joiner, execution of, 625.
Josephine, Empress, divorced, 747;
death of, 750.

Juliana, daughter of Henry I., and
wife of Constance de Breteuil, 154;
her cruel treatment, 155.

Julius Cæsar, his quarrel with the
Veneti, 5; his first acquaintance
with the Britons, ib.; his invasion
of Britain, 6; resistance of the
natives, ib.; period of his in-
vasion, 7.

Julius II., Pope, 426.
Jumieges, Archbishop, 81.
Jutes, 34.

Juxon, Bishop, 576; attends Charles's
last moments, 584.

K.

KARS, capture of, by the Russians,
808.

Keith, Sir Robert, at the battle of
Bannockburn, 283.

Kendal, Duchess of, 689.
Kenilworth, edict of, 255; Edward II.
imprisoned at, 289, 290.

Kenmuir, Earl, beheaded for treason,
686.

Keon, Father, the Irish rebel, 737.
Kent, Anglo-Saxon kingdom of, 38,
40, 43, 94 n.; men of, 335.
Kent, Earl of, tried and executed,

292.

Kent, Duke of, married to the Princess
of Leiningen, 758; the father of
Queen Victoria, ib.

Killicrankie, battle of, 653.
Kilmarnock, Lord, beheaded, 703.
Kilsyth, victory of, 574.

Kimbolton, Lord, secret arrest of, 565.
Kineton, battle near, 567.

King or Parliament, the general cry,

566.

Kirkpatrick of Closeburn, 276.
Knighthood on the wane, temp.

Edward IV., 295; rendered com-
pulsory by Charles I., 546; the
compulsory system abolished, 561.
Knights and burgesses first summoned
to Parliament, 252.
Knight's fee. 111.

Knights Templars abolished, and the
Grand Master executed, 290.
Knox, John. 478, 510.
Kyber Pass, 814.

L.

LA FAYETTE, General, in America,
729.

La Hire, of France, 376, 377.

La Hogue, landing of Edward III. at,
305; battle of, 659.

Labour, salutary laws enacted in
favour of, 314.

Lambert, General, dismisses the Par-
liament, 604; establishes a com-
mittee of public safety, ib.; insti-
tutes a military government, 604,
605.

Lambeth, Palace of, burnt by the
mob, 333.

Lancaster, House of, its revolutionary
struggles with the House of York,
352; the red rose its emblem, ib.;
overthrown as a rival house when
Edward Duke of York succeeds to
the throne, 389.
Lancaster, Henry, Earl of, captures

Edward II. in Wales, and imprisons
him at Kenilworth, where he is
eventually put to death, 289, 290.
Lancaster, Henry, Duke of (see
BOLINGBROKE), his assumption of
power, 348; proclaimed king. (See
HENRY IV.)

Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of, besieges
the De Spensers, and causes their
banishment, 286; taken prisoner,
and savagely executed, 286, 287;
his estimable character, 287.
Lancastrians, their contests with the
Yorkists, 385 et seq.; their defeats,
391, 392.

Lanfranc, 88, 95; death of 127; his
learning and influence, ib.
Langton, Stephen, appointed by the

Pope to the See of Canterbury, 232;
accepted by King John, 235.
Latimer, Bishop, supports the Re-
formation, 457; his imprisonment,
462; burnt, 467.

Latin language studied by the British
chieftains, 19.

Laud, Archbishop, the supporter of
absolutism, 538, 542; his atrocious
character, 544; imprisonment of,
558; his execution, 561.
Lauderdale, his ferocious despotism,
616.

Lawrence, General, 811.

Laws, James II. assumes the power

of dispensing with the, 633, 640;
disgraceful state of our, 767.

Lay impropriators, position of the,

519.

Leake, Admiral Sir John, 670; cap-
tures Ivica and Majorca, 671.
Learning, spread of, after the intro-
duction of printing, 410, 411.
Leeds, castle of, in Kent, 286.
Leicester, Sir Robert Dudley, the
favourite of Queen Elizabeth, 481,

483.

Leicester, Earl of. (See MONTFORT.)
Leighton, Rev. Dr., tried for sedition
before the Star Chamber, and con-
demned to the pillory and mutila-
tion, 547.

Leiningen, Princess of, married to the
Duke of Kent, 758.
Leipsic, battle of, 749.
Leith, siege of, 477.
Leo X., Pope, 429.

Leopold of Austria seizes and im-
prisons Richard I. of England, 219;
and obtains a heavy ransom for his
release, 220.

Leopold, Prince of Saxe-Coburg,
husband of Princess Charlotte, 758.
Leslie, General, defeats the English,

556.

Leslie, Lord Leven, joins the parlis-
mentary forces, 571; his heroism
at Marston Moor, ib.
"Levellers," 516; their fanaticism,

579.

Lewes, the king's forces defeated at,
by Simon de Montfort, 251, 252;
"Mise of," 252.

Ligny, battle of, 753.

Limerick, siege of, 656.

Limoges, capture of, and slaughter of
the inhabitants, 323.

Lincoln, Stephen's forces defeated at,
171; Louis of France and the
rebellious barons defeated at, 243.
Lincoln, John, Earl of, 413.
Lindsay of Crawford, 276.
Linlithgow captured by Bruce, 281.
Lisle, Lady Alice, execution of, 637.
Literature of Elizabeth's age, 499;

progress of, 689.

Littleton, the Gunpowder Plot con-
spirator, 514.

Littleton, Attorney-general of Charles
I., 543.

Liturgy, English reform of the, 454,
458; restored, 474.

verpool, Lord, death of, 771.
ewellyn, Prince of Wales, 261; de-
feated by Edward I., 262; captured
and slain, 263.

oans forced by Charles I., 538.
oddon Bridge, meeting of barons
and bishops at, 215.

ollards, the, 329; persecutions of
the, 357, 361; execution of, 365.
London captured by the Gaels, 18;
great massacre in, ib.; a great por-
tion burnt, 120, 241; its enlarge-
ment prohibited, 547; plague of,
616; fire of, ib.; deprived of its
charters, 626.

Londonderry, siege of, 654.
"Long Parliament," 557; restored,
603.

Longbeard, William, resists excessive

taxation, 222; is slain, 223.
Longchamp, William, Chancellor and
Justiciary, 215; his despotism, ib.;
tried by his peers, and deposed,
215, 216; his flight, 216; joins
Richard I. at Worms, and defends

him against his accusers, 219, 220.
Lopez, the physician of Queen Eliza-
beth, 491.

Lords, House of, declared a nuisance,
589; summoned by Cromwell, 598.
Loudon Hill, Bruce defeats the
English at, 278.

Louis VII. aids the sons of Henry II.
in their revolt against their father,
203; defeated by Henry, 204; con-
cludes a peace, 206.

Louis, Prince of France (Louis VIII.),
the English barons swear fealty to,
240; invades the country, ib.; de-
feated at Lincoln, and his troops
captured, 243; is compelled to quit
the country, 244; at war with
England, 245.

Louis IX. of France, his crusade to

the Holy Land, and death, 256.
Louis XI. of France, 185.
Louis XII. of France, 426.
Louis XIV. of France assists the
Dutch, 615; makes a secret treaty
with Charles II. against them, 617;
his victories in the Netherlands,
618; his interference with the
British Parliament, 620; continues
the pension of Charles II. to his
brother James, 633; his revocation
of the Edict of Nantes, 639; his
object to secure the Spanish throne

837

to his own family, 664; this inten-
tion opposed by King William, ib.;
acknowledges the son of James II.
as King of England, 665; exaspera-
tion of the British at the insult,
666; at war with, 669; his armies
driven from Flanders, Italy, and
Sardinia, 675; makes overtures of
peace, ib.

Louis XVI., his execution, 734.
Louis XVIII., his flight from Paris,
752.

Louis Philippe ascends the throne
of France, 784; dethronement of,
797.

Lovat, Lord, beheaded, 703.
Low Countries, their prosperity, temp.
Edward III., 298; their assistance
to Edward III, 299; commercial
concessions to the, 372; the Duke
of Alva's cruelties in the, 481, 482;
assisted by England, 482, 483;
Elizabeth accepts the protectorate
of the, 483; junction of their navy
with England against Spain, 492.
(See DUTCH FLANDERS AND HOL-
LAND.)

Lowlanders of Scotland, their hatred
of England, 160.

Lucknow, garrison of, besieged, 811.
Lunsford, Colonel, 564.

Luther attacked by Henry VIII., 432.
M.

MACCLESFIELD, Lord, venality of
691.

M'Donalds of Glencoe, family of, 659.
Macdonald, Flora, 703.

Macintosh, Sir James, 767; condem-
nation of, for treason, 686.
M'Murrough, Dermot, 201.
Magdeburg, atrocities at, 546.
Magna Charta extorted by the barons
from King John, 237; its impor-
tant social objects, 237, 238; an-
nulled by the Pope, 239; contests
thence arising, 239, 240; fully es-
tablished, 245; again solemnly ra-
tified by Henry III., 255; confirmed
by Edward I., 272.

Maid of Kent, 440; executed 441.
Main, political sect so called, 507.
Maine ceded to the French, 381.
Maitland, Captain, 754.
Majorca, capture of, 671.
Malakoff, at Sebastopol, attacks on
the, and final capture, 806, 808.