839

land, ib.; comes to terms with
Charles II. as to his restoration,
606; made Duke of Albemarle,
610. (See ALBEMARLE.)
Monmouth, Duke of, 618; his claims
to the throne, 624, 625; cowardice
and treachery of, 627; his rebellion,
634; defeated and executed, 635.
Monopolies, abolition of, 561.
Montague of Salisbury, 377.
Montcalm, General, 711; killed at
Quebec, 713.

Monteagle, Lord, 495; discovers gun-
powder plot, 513.

Montferrat, Marquis of, murdered,214;
vengeful spirit of his relations and
friends, 218.

Montfort, Almeric de, 262.
Montfort, Elinor de, affianced to Lle-
wellyn, Prince of Wales, 261; seized
by the English, 262.

Montfort, Jane de, 303; her heroism,

304.

Montfort, John de, claims Brittany,

303.

Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester,

250; his quarrel with the king,
ib.; defeats the king's forces at
Lewes, 250, 251; assembles a Par-
liament, to which knights and bur-
gesses are first summoned, 252, 253;
defeated at the battle of Evesham
and slain, 254; his high character
and lamented death, 255.
Montfort, son of Simon, taken prisoner
at the battle of Evesham, 254.
Montgomery, General, 726.
Montrose, Earl of, heads the Cavaliers
of the North, 572; victories, 572,
573, 574; defeated at Philiphaugh,
575; executed, 591.
Moore, Sir John, 746.
Moray, Earl of, Regent of Scotland,

bella's attachment for him, 288;
usurps the power of the State, 291;
seized as a traitor and executed,
293.

Mortimer's Cross, battle of, 389.
Moscow, capture and burning of,

748

Mowbray, Robert, Earl of Northum-

berland, enters into a conspiracy,

131.

Mowbray, Thomas, Earl Marshal, 357,
361.

Municipal Corporation Reform Bill,

787.

Murphy, Father, the Irish rebel, 737.
Mutiny Act, 663.

N.

NAIRN, condemnation of, for treason,
686.

Names of places, etymology of, 93, 94.
Namur, capture of, 663.

Nana Sahib, the sanguinary Sepoy,

811.

Nantes, revocation of the Edict of,

639; its important results, 639,
640.

Napier, Sir Charles, attacks the ter-
ritory of Scinde, 814.

Napoleon I. becomes First Consul and
General-in-Chief of the French
armies, 739; his expedition to
Egypt, ib.; his return to Paris, ib.;
gains the battle of Marengo, 740;
concludes the Peace of Amiens, 741;
his active preparations for renew-
ing the war, ib. ; insults the British
ambassador, and orders the arrest
of English travellers,
ib.; his
threats against England, ib.; his re-
newal of the war, 742; becomes
Emperor, and extinguishes the title
of Emperor of Germany," ib.;
his victories of Ulm and Austerlitz,
743; his continued successes, ib.;
gains the battle of Jena, and signs
the treaty of Tilsit with Russia, 744;
the crowned heads of his family,
745; his triumphs in Italy and Ger-
many, 747; dethrones the Pope, and
annexes the Ecclesiastical States
to the French empire, ib.; divorces
his wife Josephine, and marries the
Archduchess Maria Louisa
Austria, ib.; his campaign against
Russia, 747, 748; captures Moscow,
which is destroyed by fire, 748; re-

of

treat and destruction of his army,
and his flight to Paris, ib.; rapid de-
cline of his power, 749; at war with
all Europe, ib.; defeated at Leipsic,
ib.; dethroned, and banished to the
Isle of Elba, 750; he escapes from
Elba, ib.; re-enters Paris, 751, 752;
his defeat at the battle of Waterloo,
753-4; is taken as a prisoner for
life to the Island of St. Helena,
754; his death, 755.

Napoleon, Louis (Napoleon III), a
special constable in London, 797;
made President of the French Re-
public, 799; his coup d'état, ib; be-
comes Emperor of the French, 800.
National debt, great increase of the,
in 1748, 705, 755.
National discontent, 767.

National distress of 1819, 756; of
1840, 793.

Navaretta, victory of, 322.
Navarino, battle of, 773.
Navy of England under Elizabeth,
489; destroys the naval power of
Spain, 492; half for the king and
the other half for Parliament, 581;
its brilliant victories, 614, 613,
661, 663, 677, 704, 736.
Nelson, Admiral Lord, his victory of
the Nile, 739; destroys the "Armed
Neutrality" of the Maritime States,
and attacks the French flotilla at
Boulogne, 740; victory of Trafal
gar, and his death, 743.
Nero, reign of, 16.

Netherlands, Elizabeth extends her
aid to the, 482, 483; and accepts
the protectorate, 483; French ex-
pelled from the, 669.

Neville's Cross, defeat of the Scots at,
308.

New Forest in Hampshire, 120.
New Orleans, unsuccessful attack on,
759.

New style introduced, 707, 715.
New York, capture of, 614.
Newburn, battle of, 556.
Newbury, fight at, 570.
Newcastle, Thomas Pelham, Duke of,
his resignation, 709.

Newcastle, William Cavendish, Mar-
quis of, at the battle of Marston
Moor, 571, 572.

Nicholas II., Pope, 87, 88.

Nicholas, Czar of Russia, death of, 806.
Nigel, Bishop of Ely, 163.

Tightingale, Florence, superintendent
of the military hospitals, 807.
Vile, victory of the, 739.
Nimeguen, peace of, 620.
Nithsdale, condemnation of, for trea-
son, 686.

Nobility, measures of Henry II. for
weakening their power, 207; hum-
bled by Henry IV., 353, 354; their
audacious spirit, temp. Henry IV.,
360; their subdued position, temp.
Henry V., 363; weakened by
Edward IV., 391; their power
broken at the period of the Tudors,
408 et seq.

Nonjurors, factious spirit of the, 652,

657.

Nore, mutiny at the, 735.

Norfolk, Mowbray, Duke of, his duel
with Henry of Hereford, 345, 346;
banished, 346.

Norfolk, Thomas, Duke of, his perse-
cutions, 443, 445, 446; his execu-
tion, 448.
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, Duke of,
enamoured of Mary Queen of Scots,
479; convicted of conspiracy and
executed, 481.

Norman invaders, 97; resistance
made to the, 104; their devastat-
ing career and ferocious despotism,
105-108; further irruptions of
the, 108; their military array, 116;
their despotism, 117.
Norman nobility, privileges of the,

and their abuses, 112; conspiracy
of, against the despotism of William
II., 130, 131.

Norman occupation, from the time of
William I., 90-155.

Norman race, hatred of the Scotch

against the, 160, 161.

Norman and Saxon races, state of the,
temp. Henry II., 174, 175.
Normandy, Duchy of, its position re-
lative to England, 124; interest of
the Norman barons in uniting them,
125, 126; invaded and subdued by
Henry I., 145, 146; loss of, in the
reign of King John, 228; invaded
by Philip Augustus, and the English
expelled, 231; King John's igno-
minious flight from, 232; states of,
enter into a secret treaty with
Philip IV. of France, 300; their
hostile intentions against England,
ib.; conquest of, by Henry V., 372;

Northumberland, Thomas Percy, Duke
of, conspires in favour of Mary
Queen of Scots, 480; is defeated
and executed, ib.
Northumberland, Henry Percy, Earl
of, heavy penalties inflicted on, 515.
Northumbria, Saxon kingdom of, 40;
Anglo-Saxon kingdom of, 94 n.
Norway, Margaret, Maiden of, 264-6.
Nott, General, 814.

Nottingham, Countess of, 496, 497.
Nottingham, Earl of, made Secretary
of State, 668.

Noy made Solicitor-General, 543.

0.

OATES, TITUS, his infamous character,
621; his popish plot, ib.; his punish-
ment, 633; murdered, ib.
Oblations, payment refused, 440.
O'Brien's rebellion, 796.
Ochil range, the, 282.
O'Connell, Daniel, political agitation
of, 771, 782; elected member for
the county of Clare, 774; his con-
tinued agitation, 775; his pecuniary
exactions, 783.

Odo, Archbishop of Canterbury, 65.
Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, 102; his
rebellion, 123.

Oglander, Sir John, 579.

Olaf, the Norwegian King of North-
umbria, 60.

"Old Man of the Mountain," 217.
Oldcastle, Sir John, burnt alive for

heresy, 365.

Olivarez, Duchess, 530.

Oltenitza, victory of, 802.
Omar Pacha, 808.

O'Neil, Earl of Tyrone, the Irish
rebel, 493; negotiates a peace with
the Earl of Essex, 494; military
success against, 497.
Opdam, the Dutch admiral, 615.
Oporto, capture of, 746.

Orange-Nassau, house of, 647-666.
(See WILLIAM III.)
Orangemen of Ireland, 764.
Orkney Islands, discovery of the, 32.
Orleanists of France at war with the
Burgundians, 356, 359.

Orleans, siege of, 377; defended by
Joan of Arc, 378.

Orleans, Duke of, 372.

Ostorius Scapula, his conquests` in
Britain, 14, 15; his death, 16.
Otadeni, the, 94 n.
Otterbourne, battle of, 343.
Oudenard, victory of, 675.
Overbury, Sir Thomas, murder of, 523.
Oxford, parliament at, in 1258, 250;
"Provisions of," 251; its dismissal,
625.

Oxford, Lord, impeachment of, 683.
Oxford University, James II.'s de-
spotic measures at, 642.

P.

PAINTING, art of, arrives at maturity,

429.

Pakenham, General, 759.
Palmerston, Lord, 774; his ministry

of 1855-58, 788, 806; of 1859-60,
with a list of his coadjutors, 789.
Pandulph, the pope's legate, 244.
Panic of 1825, 771.
Pantheism of Rome, 27.
Papal excommunication against King
John, 233; its evils, 233, 234.
Papal See, King John's abject sub-
mission to the, 235.

Papists, their treachery to Queen
Elizabeth, 490; sanguinary treat-
ment of, 491; fear of the, 632. (See
ROMAN CATHOLICS.)

Paris, peace of, in 1763, 721; cap-
tured by the Allies, 750; royal fêtes

at, 751; re-entered by Napoleon, #.;
peace of, in 1836, 809.

Parisi, the, 94 n.

Parker, Bishop of Oxford, 642.
Parliament at Oxford, in 1238, 250;
summoned by Simon de Montfort,
252; its first meeting in Jan. 1265,
253; held at Marlborough, 255;
taxes refused without the consent
of, 272; the right conceded by Ed-
ward I., ib.; contests of Edward I.
with, 273; Wolsey's imperious con-
duct to, 433; James I.'s contentions
with, 511, 512; its contentions with
James I., 529; its dissolution, ib.;
insulted by Charles I., 537; dis-
missed, and a fresh one called, ib.;
complaints of, ib.; the members
impeach Buckingham, ib.; their
distrust of the king, 538; refuse to
grant supplies, ib.; di-solved, ib.;
popular invectives caused thereby,
ib.; again assembled, 540; extort
from Charles the "Petition of
Right," 540; disputes with Charles
renewed, 542; dissolved by Charles,
and the chief promoters of the
"Protestation" sent to the Tower,
543; recalled, 554; their resistance,
551, 555; again dissolved, 556; the
Long Parliament" summoned,
557;
assume authority over the
army, 566; proclaim the King's
Commissioners traitors, 567: at
war with the king, 569 et seq.;
publicly break the great seal,
and supply a new design, 575;
offer a compromise with Charles,
which is rejected, 576; Charles
delivered up to Parliament by
the Scotch, ib.; commence pro-
ceedings against the king. 582; his
trial and conviction before the, 583,
584; and his execution, 585; forci-
bly dissolved by Cromwell, 595; a
new one elected, 596; under Richard
Cromwell, 601; dissolved, and the
"Long Parliament" restored, 603;
dismissed by Lambert, 604; re-
assembled, 606; their stringent mea-
sures to resist the domination of
popery, 617; Louis XIV.'s inter-
ference with, 620; severe measures
against Catholics, 623: opposed by
Charles II., 625; important resolu-
tions of the Convention Parliament,
649; resolutions of, in support of