Malcolm, King of Scots, 89, 138. Malcolm Caenmore, King of Scotland, defeated and slain, 129. Malplaquet, victory of, 676. Malta taken by the English, 762. Manchester massacre, 756. Manilla, capture of, 721.
Manny, Sir Walter, 304, 305, 309. Manors-in-chief, the whole kingdom divided into, 110, 111.
Mansfeldt, Count, his expedition in aid of Bohemia, 531. Manufactures, increase of, 705. Manuscripts, scarcity of, in the fif- teenth century, 410.
Mar, Earl of, his rebellion in favour of the Pretender, 684. March, Count de la, husband of Isa- bella, Countess of Angouleme, 229; murdered by King John, who es- pouses Isabella, 230. March, Earl of, 355, 356; relinquishes his right to the throne, 362. March, Edward of, becomes Duke of York, 389; is proclaimed king, 389. (See EDWARD IV.) Marengo, battle of, 740.
Margaret, the Scottish Queen, 129, 141.
Margaret, daughter of Henry III.,
Margaret of Savoy, 421.
Margaret Tudor, 418; married to James IV. of Scotland, 420; be- comes regent, 428. Maria Louisa of Austria married to Napoleon I., 747.
Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary, 698; supported by England, ib; hereditary States of Austria guaran- teed to, 705
Marie de la Perche, Countess, 149. Maritime enterprise of England, temp. Elizabeth, 483.
Maritime States, confederacy of, de- stroyed by Nelson, 740. Mark, its value, temp. Henry II., 208. Markham, George, trial and condem- nation of, 509.
Marlborough, parliament held at, 255. Marlborough, Earl of (afterwards
Duke), appointed commander-in- chief in the War of Succession against France, 668, 669; created duke, with the domain of Wood- stock, 669; his victorious career, 669-671; his high character, 671: one of the greatest commanders of the age, 674; his victory of Malpls- quet, 676; secret plottings against, ib. (See MONK.) Marriage Act introduced, 706; passed for the relief of Dissenters, 786. Marston Moor, the Parliamentary vic- tory at, 570, 571.
Mary, Princess (afterwards Queen Mary), daughter of Queen Cathe- rine, 443; declared illegitimate, 450; her firm religious principles. 457; her reign, 459-471. (See Analysis, 459.)
Mary Queen of Scots married to the Dauphin of France, 471; her reli- gious feuds, 475, 476; her claims to the English throne, 477; leaves France on the death of her husband, Francis II, 478; her character and reckless behaviour, ib.; murder of her husband Darnley, and her mar- riage with Bothwell, ib.; seeks an asylum at the British Court, ib.; her long imprisonment, 479; wide- spread conspiracy in her favour to effect the assassination of Queen Elizabeth, 484; trial and execution of, 485, 488.
Mary, daughter of James II., married to William, Prince of Orange, 619; Queen of William III., reign of. 647-662; her energy during the absence of her husband, 657; her death, 662.
Mary Tudor, 421; married to Louis XII., 428.
Masham, Mrs. (afterwards Lady), a favourite of Queen Anne, 675; her great influence, 676.
Mass, celebration of, forbidden, 474. Matilda, wife of William I., 104. Matilda, daughter of King Malcolm,
Matilda, Empress (daughter of Henry I.), married to Geoffrey Plantagenet, 151; her claims to the throne, 156, 157; institution of feudalism op- posed to her succession, 157; her
land, ib.; comes to terms with Charles II. as to his restoration, 606; made Duke of Albemarle, 610. (See ALBEMARLE.) Monmouth, Duke of, 618; his claims to the throne, 624, 625; cowardice and treachery of, 627; his rebellion, 634; defeated and executed, 635. Monopolies, abolition of, 561. Montague of Salisbury, 377. Montcalm, General, 711; killed at Quebec, 713.
Monteagle, Lord, 495; discovers gun- powder plot, 513.
Montferrat, Marquis of, murdered,214; vengeful spirit of his relations and friends, 218.
Montfort, Almeric de, 262. Montfort, Elinor de, affianced to Lle- wellyn, Prince of Wales, 261; seized by the English, 262.
Montfort, Jane de, 303; her heroism,
Montfort, John de, claims Brittany,
Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester,
250; his quarrel with the king, ib.; defeats the king's forces at Lewes, 250, 251; assembles a Par- liament, to which knights and bur- gesses are first summoned, 252, 253; defeated at the battle of Evesham and slain, 254; his high character and lamented death, 255. Montfort, son of Simon, taken prisoner at the battle of Evesham, 254. Montgomery, General, 726. Montrose, Earl of, heads the Cavaliers of the North, 572; victories, 572, 573, 574; defeated at Philiphaugh, 575; executed, 591. Moore, Sir John, 746. Moray, Earl of, Regent of Scotland,
bella's attachment for him, 288; usurps the power of the State, 291; seized as a traitor and executed, 293.
Mortimer's Cross, battle of, 389. Moscow, capture and burning of,
Mowbray, Robert, Earl of Northum-
berland, enters into a conspiracy,
Mowbray, Thomas, Earl Marshal, 357, 361.
Municipal Corporation Reform Bill,
Murphy, Father, the Irish rebel, 737. Mutiny Act, 663.
NAIRN, condemnation of, for treason, 686.
Names of places, etymology of, 93, 94. Namur, capture of, 663.
Nana Sahib, the sanguinary Sepoy,
Nantes, revocation of the Edict of,
639; its important results, 639, 640.
Napier, Sir Charles, attacks the ter- ritory of Scinde, 814.
Napoleon I. becomes First Consul and General-in-Chief of the French armies, 739; his expedition to Egypt, ib.; his return to Paris, ib.; gains the battle of Marengo, 740; concludes the Peace of Amiens, 741; his active preparations for renew- ing the war, ib. ; insults the British ambassador, and orders the arrest of English travellers, ib.; his threats against England, ib.; his re- newal of the war, 742; becomes Emperor, and extinguishes the title of Emperor of Germany," ib.; his victories of Ulm and Austerlitz, 743; his continued successes, ib.; gains the battle of Jena, and signs the treaty of Tilsit with Russia, 744; the crowned heads of his family, 745; his triumphs in Italy and Ger- many, 747; dethrones the Pope, and annexes the Ecclesiastical States to the French empire, ib.; divorces his wife Josephine, and marries the Archduchess Maria Louisa Austria, ib.; his campaign against Russia, 747, 748; captures Moscow, which is destroyed by fire, 748; re-
treat and destruction of his army, and his flight to Paris, ib.; rapid de- cline of his power, 749; at war with all Europe, ib.; defeated at Leipsic, ib.; dethroned, and banished to the Isle of Elba, 750; he escapes from Elba, ib.; re-enters Paris, 751, 752; his defeat at the battle of Waterloo, 753-4; is taken as a prisoner for life to the Island of St. Helena, 754; his death, 755.
Napoleon, Louis (Napoleon III), a special constable in London, 797; made President of the French Re- public, 799; his coup d'état, ib; be- comes Emperor of the French, 800. National debt, great increase of the, in 1748, 705, 755. National discontent, 767.
National distress of 1819, 756; of 1840, 793.
Navaretta, victory of, 322. Navarino, battle of, 773. Navy of England under Elizabeth, 489; destroys the naval power of Spain, 492; half for the king and the other half for Parliament, 581; its brilliant victories, 614, 613, 661, 663, 677, 704, 736. Nelson, Admiral Lord, his victory of the Nile, 739; destroys the "Armed Neutrality" of the Maritime States, and attacks the French flotilla at Boulogne, 740; victory of Trafal gar, and his death, 743. Nero, reign of, 16.
Netherlands, Elizabeth extends her aid to the, 482, 483; and accepts the protectorate, 483; French ex- pelled from the, 669.
Neville's Cross, defeat of the Scots at, 308.
New Forest in Hampshire, 120. New Orleans, unsuccessful attack on, 759.
New style introduced, 707, 715. New York, capture of, 614. Newburn, battle of, 556. Newbury, fight at, 570. Newcastle, Thomas Pelham, Duke of, his resignation, 709.
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Mar- quis of, at the battle of Marston Moor, 571, 572.
Nicholas II., Pope, 87, 88.
Nicholas, Czar of Russia, death of, 806. Nigel, Bishop of Ely, 163.
Tightingale, Florence, superintendent of the military hospitals, 807. Vile, victory of the, 739. Nimeguen, peace of, 620. Nithsdale, condemnation of, for trea- son, 686.
Nobility, measures of Henry II. for weakening their power, 207; hum- bled by Henry IV., 353, 354; their audacious spirit, temp. Henry IV., 360; their subdued position, temp. Henry V., 363; weakened by Edward IV., 391; their power broken at the period of the Tudors, 408 et seq.
Nonjurors, factious spirit of the, 652,
Nore, mutiny at the, 735.
Norfolk, Mowbray, Duke of, his duel with Henry of Hereford, 345, 346; banished, 346.
Norfolk, Thomas, Duke of, his perse- cutions, 443, 445, 446; his execu- tion, 448. Norfolk, Thomas Howard, Duke of, enamoured of Mary Queen of Scots, 479; convicted of conspiracy and executed, 481.
Norman invaders, 97; resistance made to the, 104; their devastat- ing career and ferocious despotism, 105-108; further irruptions of the, 108; their military array, 116; their despotism, 117. Norman nobility, privileges of the,
and their abuses, 112; conspiracy of, against the despotism of William II., 130, 131.
Norman occupation, from the time of William I., 90-155.
Norman race, hatred of the Scotch
against the, 160, 161.
Norman and Saxon races, state of the, temp. Henry II., 174, 175. Normandy, Duchy of, its position re- lative to England, 124; interest of the Norman barons in uniting them, 125, 126; invaded and subdued by Henry I., 145, 146; loss of, in the reign of King John, 228; invaded by Philip Augustus, and the English expelled, 231; King John's igno- minious flight from, 232; states of, enter into a secret treaty with Philip IV. of France, 300; their hostile intentions against England, ib.; conquest of, by Henry V., 372;
Northumberland, Thomas Percy, Duke of, conspires in favour of Mary Queen of Scots, 480; is defeated and executed, ib. Northumberland, Henry Percy, Earl of, heavy penalties inflicted on, 515. Northumbria, Saxon kingdom of, 40; Anglo-Saxon kingdom of, 94 n. Norway, Margaret, Maiden of, 264-6. Nott, General, 814.
Nottingham, Countess of, 496, 497. Nottingham, Earl of, made Secretary of State, 668.
Noy made Solicitor-General, 543.
OATES, TITUS, his infamous character, 621; his popish plot, ib.; his punish- ment, 633; murdered, ib. Oblations, payment refused, 440. O'Brien's rebellion, 796. Ochil range, the, 282. O'Connell, Daniel, political agitation of, 771, 782; elected member for the county of Clare, 774; his con- tinued agitation, 775; his pecuniary exactions, 783.
Odo, Archbishop of Canterbury, 65. Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, 102; his rebellion, 123.
Oglander, Sir John, 579.
Olaf, the Norwegian King of North- umbria, 60.
"Old Man of the Mountain," 217. Oldcastle, Sir John, burnt alive for
heresy, 365.
Olivarez, Duchess, 530.
Oltenitza, victory of, 802. Omar Pacha, 808.
O'Neil, Earl of Tyrone, the Irish rebel, 493; negotiates a peace with the Earl of Essex, 494; military success against, 497. Opdam, the Dutch admiral, 615. Oporto, capture of, 746.
Orange-Nassau, house of, 647-666. (See WILLIAM III.) Orangemen of Ireland, 764. Orkney Islands, discovery of the, 32. Orleanists of France at war with the Burgundians, 356, 359.
Orleans, siege of, 377; defended by Joan of Arc, 378.
Orleans, Duke of, 372.
Ostorius Scapula, his conquests` in Britain, 14, 15; his death, 16. Otadeni, the, 94 n. Otterbourne, battle of, 343. Oudenard, victory of, 675. Overbury, Sir Thomas, murder of, 523. Oxford, parliament at, in 1258, 250; "Provisions of," 251; its dismissal, 625.
Oxford, Lord, impeachment of, 683. Oxford University, James II.'s de- spotic measures at, 642.
PAINTING, art of, arrives at maturity,
Pakenham, General, 759. Palmerston, Lord, 774; his ministry
of 1855-58, 788, 806; of 1859-60, with a list of his coadjutors, 789. Pandulph, the pope's legate, 244. Panic of 1825, 771. Pantheism of Rome, 27. Papal excommunication against King John, 233; its evils, 233, 234. Papal See, King John's abject sub- mission to the, 235.
Papists, their treachery to Queen Elizabeth, 490; sanguinary treat- ment of, 491; fear of the, 632. (See ROMAN CATHOLICS.)
Paris, peace of, in 1763, 721; cap- tured by the Allies, 750; royal fêtes
at, 751; re-entered by Napoleon, #.; peace of, in 1836, 809.
Parker, Bishop of Oxford, 642. Parliament at Oxford, in 1238, 250; summoned by Simon de Montfort, 252; its first meeting in Jan. 1265, 253; held at Marlborough, 255; taxes refused without the consent of, 272; the right conceded by Ed- ward I., ib.; contests of Edward I. with, 273; Wolsey's imperious con- duct to, 433; James I.'s contentions with, 511, 512; its contentions with James I., 529; its dissolution, ib.; insulted by Charles I., 537; dis- missed, and a fresh one called, ib.; complaints of, ib.; the members impeach Buckingham, ib.; their distrust of the king, 538; refuse to grant supplies, ib.; di-solved, ib.; popular invectives caused thereby, ib.; again assembled, 540; extort from Charles the "Petition of Right," 540; disputes with Charles renewed, 542; dissolved by Charles, and the chief promoters of the "Protestation" sent to the Tower, 543; recalled, 554; their resistance, 551, 555; again dissolved, 556; the Long Parliament" summoned, 557; assume authority over the army, 566; proclaim the King's Commissioners traitors, 567: at war with the king, 569 et seq.; publicly break the great seal, and supply a new design, 575; offer a compromise with Charles, which is rejected, 576; Charles delivered up to Parliament by the Scotch, ib.; commence pro- ceedings against the king. 582; his trial and conviction before the, 583, 584; and his execution, 585; forci- bly dissolved by Cromwell, 595; a new one elected, 596; under Richard Cromwell, 601; dissolved, and the "Long Parliament" restored, 603; dismissed by Lambert, 604; re- assembled, 606; their stringent mea- sures to resist the domination of popery, 617; Louis XIV.'s inter- ference with, 620; severe measures against Catholics, 623: opposed by Charles II., 625; important resolu- tions of the Convention Parliament, 649; resolutions of, in support of
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