the king, 658; their measures, 663;
duration of, extended from three
to seven years, 687; angry dis-
cussions on the American war, 730;
reform in, introduced by Pitt, 731;
first meeting of the Imperial one,
762; agitation for reform in, 779;
the measure finally passed, 780;
both houses of, destroyed by fire,
787. (See COMMONS, House of.)
Parliament of Scotland, menacing
debates in the, 673.
Parliamentary forces, Cromwell ap-
pointed commander of the, 575.
Parr, Catherine, married to Henry
VIII., 447; married to Lord
Sudeley, 451.
Party spirit, the madness of, 678.
Patriotism of the fourteenth century,
296.
Paul, Emperor of Russia, joins France,
Paul IV., his refusal to acknowledge
Queen Elizabeth, 474.
Paulet, Sir Amyas, custodier of Mary
of Scotland, 488.
Paulinus, Archbishop of York, 44.
Paulinus Suetonius, 16.
Pavia, Francis I. defeated at, and
taken prisoner, 431.
Peasantry, harsh treatment of the,
temp. Edward VI., 455.
Peel, Sir Robert, introduces the me-
tallic currency, 756.
Peel, Mr. (afterwards Sir Robert), ap-
pointed Secretary of State, 768;
passes the Catholic Emancipation
Bill, 774; his increasing popu-
larity, 782; returns from Italy, and
accepts the appointment of Prime
Minister, 785; his manifesto, ib.;
his energy and talents, 786; his
various useful measures, ib.; de-
feated on the Irish Appropriation
Clause, ib.; his resignation, ib.; his
ministry of 1841-6, 788, 792-4; his
repeal of the Corn-laws, 795; his
death, 798.
Peel, Sir William, organizes the Na-
val Brigade in India, 812.
Pelissier, Marshal, commander in the
Crimean war, 807.
Pelagian heresy, 36.
Pelham, death of, 715.
Pembroke, Jaspar Tudor, Earl of,
defeated at Mortimer's Cross, 389.
Peninsula, Wellington's campaign
and victorious career in the, 746
et seq.
Penn, the dealer in royal pardons,
638.
Pennington, Admiral, 554.
Perceval, Mr., made Prime Minister,
762; assassinated, ib.
Perche, Count de la, 243.
Percy, Earl of Northumberland, 343,
355.
Percy, the Gunpowder plot conspi-
rator, 513.
Percy, Lord, a suitor for Anna Boleyn,
436.
Père la Chaise, 622.
Perrers, Alice, 324, 325.
Perth, capture of, 593.
Pestilence of 1349, 312.
Peter the Cruel, King of Castile, ex-
pelled from his throne, 322; his
restoration and assassination, ib.
Peter the Hermit, 132.
Peterborough, Lord, his campaign in
Spain, 670.
Peterloo, massacre of, 756.
Peters, Hugh, the regicide, executed,
609.
Peter's-pence, payment of, refused,
"Petition of Right" granted by
Charles I., 540; its provisions, ib.;
ignored by Charles, 542, 547.
Pevensey Castle, 97.
Philip of Valois acknowledged by the
States, 298.
Philip, son of John II. of France,
taken prisoner, 318.
Philip, Archduke, of Castile, 421;
death of, ib.
Philip II. (Augustus), King of France,
209; engages in the third crusade,
213; his character, ib.; his quarrels
with Richard I., 214; his return
from the Crusades, ib.; his trea-
chery, 217; contests with, 223, 224;
engages in the crusades, 225; es-
pouses the cause of Prince Arthur,
228; invades Normandy, and cap-
tures Rouen and the principal
towns, 231; prepares for the inva-
sion of England, 234; his fleet at-
tacked and defeated, ib.
Philip II. of Spain negotiates a mar-
riage with Queen Mary, 462; their
marriage, 465; his advice to Mary,
ib.; repudiates the cruelties of the
English priests, 467; his visit to
England, 470; succeeds to the vast
territories of his father, Philip V.,
ib.; offers his hand to Elizabeth,
475; marries a French princess,
ib.; his religious persecutions, 476;
sends an army to England to aid
Mary Queen of Scots, 481; assumes
the absolute monopoly of America,
483; lands forces in Ireland, ib.
Philip III. of Spain courts the as-
sistance of James I., 506.
Philip IV. (the Fair) of France sum-
mons Edward I. before him, 269;
his alliance with Edward I, 275.
Philip V. claimant of the Spanish
throne, 669, 687; alliance against
him, ib.; sues for peace, 688.
Philip VI. of France at war with
Flanders, 299; his secret treaty
with the States of Normandy, 300;
his armaments against England,
301; at war with England, 305;
attempts to relieve Calais, 309.
Philiphaugh, Montrose defeated at,
Philippa, Queen, daughter of William
of Holland, 288; married to Ed-
ward III., 292; defeats the Scots
at Neville's Cross, 308; arrives at
Calais, ib.; intercedes for, and saves
the lives of the prisoners, 310.
Philippa, daughter of Lionel of Cla-
rence, and wife of Mortimer, Earl
of March, 331.
Philpot, John, 330; fits out a fleet,
and defeats the Spaniards, 331; the
slayer of Wat Tyler, 335.
Ficts, their irruptions into Britain, 34.
Picts' Wall erected by Hadrian, 25,
32.
Pilgrimage of Grace, 442.
Pilgrimages to the Holy Land, 132.
Pilnitz, convention of, 761.
Pinkney Field, the Scots defeated at,
Pirates, their incursions and exactions
during the reign of Ethelred, 70.
Pitt, William (afterwards Lord Chat-
ham), the dread of Walpole, 708;
becomes principal Secretary of
State, 709; his genius and energy,
710; retires from office with a pen-
sion, with the title of Chatham for
his wife, 720; created Earl of
Chatham, 724.
Pitt, William, son of Lord Chatham,
731; his contests with Fox, ib.; he
introduces the India Bill, and the
bill for a reform in Parliament, &.;
his administration, 739; levies an
income-tax of ten per cent., and
largely increases the forces of the
kingdom, ib.; his death, 743.
Pius V. anathematizes Elizabeth,
"and the heretics who obeyed her,"
480; sends an army to aid Mary
Queen of Scots, 481.
Plague, a destructive one, temp. Ed-
ward III, 312; of London in 1407,
361; in 1665, 616.
Plantagenets, first of the dynasty,
150, 151; line of the, 172–405;
Henry II. the first English king of
the family, 172.
Plassy, battle of, 713.
Platen, Madame, 689.
Plymouth burnt by the French, 356.
Poitiers, battle of, 317.
Pole, Michael de la, Earl of Suffolk,
341; charged with robbing the
revenue, 342.
Pole, John de la, Earl of Suffolk, 375,
877; the favourite of Henry VI.
381; his execution, 383.
Pole, Cardinal Reginald, the popish
legate, 466.
Political condition of England, temp.
James I., 503, 504.
Political parties of the State, temp.
Charles I., 580, 581; temp. Richard
Cromwell, 602; discontent and con-
fusion thence arising, 604; bitter-
ness of, 624; state of, temp. William
and Mary, 651; temp. Geo. I., 683;
temp. William IV., 781.
Poll-tax passed in the reign of Richard
II., 331; its obnoxious character,
ib.; the brutal collectors of it, 32;
insurrection and mob violence
caused thereby, 332 et seq.
Pollock, General, 814.
Pondicherry, surrender of, 760.
Pontefract Castle, Richard II. mur-
dered in, 351.
Poor laws enacted temp. Elizabeth,
518; act for their regulation, 783;
its advantages, ib.
Pope, struggles with the, under Wil-
liam 11., 135; his contests with
King John, 241; payment of all
customary dues to, intercepted,
440; his supremacy disavowed, ib.;
his jurisdiction in England abo-
lished, 475; displaced from the
throne of St. Peter's, 738; dethrone-
ment of the, 747.
Popery restored, 466; its persecu-
tions, ib.; combinations of, against
Protestantism, 476; persecution of,
temp. Elizabeth, 490; its dangerous
spirit, ib.; measures for resisting
the domination of, 617; efforts of
Charles II. and his brother in favour
of, 618, 619; restoration of, by
James II., 641; its increasing pre-
valence, ib.
Popes contemporary with the Eng-
lish sovereigns, 90, 121 et seq. at
the commencement of each chapter;
contests between rival ones, 358.
Popes' legates, their domineering as-
sumptions, 244.
Popish plot, 620.
Popish priests forbidden to officiate,
Popish religion restored by Mary, 462.
Popular discontent, temp. Henry III.,
Population, great increase of, temp.
Porto Bello, capture of, 697.
Portsmouth, Duchess of, 619.
Potato-disease, 795; famine in Ire-
land thence arising, ib.
Poundage, claimed by Charles I., 542.
Pragmatic sanction, 698.
Pratt, Chief Justice, 722.
Prerogative, royal, Charles's stretch
of, 538; disputes respecting, 556.
Presbyterianism, its imperious love of
power, 572; intolerant spirit of, 577,
578; Presbyterians, party spirit of
the, 58; their acts and motives,
Preston, the Pretender's forces de-
feated at, 685,
Pretender (James III.), rewards of-
fered for his arrest, 680; rebellion
of the Earl of Mar in favour of the,
684; his arrival in England, 685;
his ridiculous ceremonials, ib.; his
flight, 686; execution of his prin-
cipal adherents, ib.; Bishop Atter-
bury's plot in favour of the, 691.
Pretender, Charles Edward, son of
the Pretender James III., his visit
to Scotland, 700; stirs up a re-
bellion, ib.; his temporary successes,
and advance into England, 701;
his retreat, 702: pursued by the
Duke of Cumberland, ib.; is defeated
at the battle of Culloden, and takes
to flight, 703; punishment of his
rebel supporters, ib.
"Pride's purge," 582.
Priesthood, their resistance to the
Norman invaders, 107; increasing
contempt for the, 363, 364.
Prince Regent (afterwards George
IV.), 755.
Princes of Wales, motto of the, and
its origin, 307.
Printing introduced by Caxton, 397;
invention of, 409; practised in
England, 410; social changes ef-
fected thereby, 411.
Printing, unlicensed, privilege of, 663.
Property and order, advantages of, 42.
Protestant Church, James II.'s de-
claration in favour of the, 633;
falsified by his conduct, ib.
Protestant religion restored by Queen
Elizabeth, 474.
Protestant settlement for securing
the succession to the throne, 665.
Protestantism, advancing power of,
436; persecutions of, 467; combina-
tions of Popery against, 476; bitter
hostility of the Catholic powers
against, 481. 482; England the
acknowledged defender of, 482;
state of, 531; struggles in support
of, ib.; secret treaty between Charles
II. and Louis XIV. for the destruc-
tion of, 617.
Protestants of Normandy assisted by
Queen Elizabeth, 477; their con-
tentions with the Catholics, 534,
535.
Prussia, sovereigns of, contemporary
with the different kings of England,
693 et seq. at the commencement
of each chapter; in alliance with
England, 714; joins the maritime
league again-t England, 744.
Prussians at the battle of Waterloo,
753, 754.
Prynne, Wm, punishment of, 548;
sentence on, reversed, 558,
Psalms, translated by Sternhold and
Hopkins, 458.
Public opinion, war of, 770.
Publications, scarcity of, in the fif
teenth century, 410.
Pudens, the Christian convert, 26.
Puritanism, measures for resisting
the domination of, 617.
Puritans, plots of the, 507; strength
RADCOT BRIDGE, battle of, 342.
Raglan, Lord, commander of the
Crimean expedition, 803; death of,
806.
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 482; conducts a
colony to Virginia, 483; hostile to
Lord Essex, 493; his designs against
Essex, 495; trial and condemnt-
tion of, 508, 509; released from
prison, 523; execution of, 526.
Ralph the Firebrand, 128; his exac-
tions, 130, 131, 140; his rewards,
146.
Ralph, Bishop of Durham, opposes
the Scotch invasion, 161.
Ramillies, victory of, 671.
Randolph of Scotland ravages the
north of England, 285.
Ranulph de Glanville captures the
King of Scots, 205.
Ravenspur, landing of Edward IV.
at, 393.
Rawton Heath, Charles's defeat at,
Raymond of Toulouse, 133.
Rebellions in England and Scotland,
temp. James II., 634.
Red Rose, the emblem of the House of
Lancaster, 352.
Rees ap Griffith, 189.
Reform, parliamentary, difficulties
attending every attempt at, 767,
768; renewed agitation for, 779,
780; the measure finally passed,
780; its important results, ib.;
leading features of the Act, ib.
Reformation, progress of the, 439,
454; agitated state of society, 457
458; its onward course, 528.
Reforms proposed by the Parlia
Charles
mentary leaders, which
rejects, 578, 579; in the
Regency Bill passed, 761.
Regicides, trial and execution of the
609.
Reginald Fitzurse, 197, 198.
Regner Lodbrog, the Northern pirate,
51; his defeat and death, 52.
Regni, the, 94 n.
Reign of Terror in France, 734.
Religion tolerated by the Romans, 16;
of the ancients, its extinction, 21.
Religious conferences at Hampton
Court, 510.
Religious contentions, 57, 551, 607;
intolerance attending them, 613.
Religious orders established by
James II., 640.
Religious parties, state of, temp.
James I., 507.
Religious persecutions of Henry VIII.,
René, King of Sicily and Jerusalem,
381.
Representation, popular, the principle
first introduced, 252.
Republic of France. (See FRANCE.)
Republicanism, spirit of, 579.
Revenue of England, temp. Henry V.,
371, 872.
Revolutionary crisis, 566.
Rhé, Island of, Buckingham's rash
expedition to, 539.
Richard Brito, 197.
Richard I., Cœur de Lion, revolts
against his father, 203; obtains his
forgiveness, 206; again rebels, 209,
210; reign of, 211-225. (See Ana-
lysis, 211.)
Richard, Prince, Earl of Cornwall,
departs for the Crusade, 257.
Richard II., reign of, 328-349 (see
Analysis, 328); murder of, 351;
romantic stories respecting his pre-
tended escape, ib.
Richard III. (see GLOUCESTER), reign
of, 400-405 (see Analysis, 400);
his person and character, 407.
Richelieu, Cardinal, 534, 535.
Richmond, Henry Tudor, Earl of,
conspiracies in his favour, 401; in-
vades England, 403; effects a land-
ing at Milford Haven, 404; defeats
King Richard at Bosworth, ib. ; is
proclaimed king on the field, 405.
(See HENRY VII.)
dley, Bishop, supports the Re-
formation, 457; supports Lady
Jane Grey, 461; burnt, 467.
ights, declaration of, by the Con-
vention Parliament, 649.
ivers, Richard, Lord, murder of, 399;
Richard, Earl, his patronage of
Caxton, 411.
Rizzio, David, murder of, 478.
Robert, Duke of Normandy, son of
William the Conqueror, 118, 121,
124; quarrels with his brother Wil-
liam II., 125; his amiable cha-
racter, 126; pledges the ducal
crown to enable him to join the
crusaders, 133; his luxurious habits
in Italy, 140; marries Sibylla, an
Apulian heiress, ib.; combinations
in his favour, 141; his invasion of
England, 143; reconciled with his
brother, ib.; his duchy invaded by
his brother Henry, 145; is taken
prisoner, ib.; and incarcerated for
life, 146; his son Robert, ib.
Robert of Flanders, 133.
Robert, Earl of Gloucester, 159, 164;
defeats King Stephen, and takes
him prisoner, 166; his death, 169.
Robert, Earl of Leicester, 185.
Robert I. of Scotland (Bruce), crowned
at Scone, 276; his active resistance
to Edward's last invasion, 277, 278.
Robert III. of Scotland, 358.
Robin Hood and his merry men, 225.
Rochelle, expeditions to, 535, 541;
the last one a failure, 542.
Rochester, Viscount. (See CARR.)
Rochfort, Lady, execution of, 445.
Rockingham, Lord, his administra-
tion, 730.
Rodney, Admiral, Lord, naval vic-
tory of, 730; his naval victories, 761.
Roger, Bishop of Sarum, 162; his
power and great possessions, 163;
his imprisonment and death, 163,
Roger de Mowbray in arms against
Henry II., 204.
Roger, Earl of March, 341; slain,
Rogers, prebendary of St. Paul's,
burnt 466.
Roman Catholic Church restored, 46;
persecutions of the ib.
Roman Catholic religion restored by
Mary, 462.
Roman Catholic services restored by
James II., 640, 641.
Roman Catholics, tolerance of the,
temp. Henry VIII. and Edward VI.,
456; plots of the, 507; severity of
the laws against, 512, 514, 515;
their contentions with the Protes-
tants, 584, 535; severe measures
against the, 622; of Ireland, their
support of James II., 655; public
feeling against, 665.
Roman language and literature, 20;
its general diffusion, ib.
Roman occupation, 12-32.
Roman provinces of England, list of,
94 ከ.
Roman remains, frequent discovery
of, 29, 30.
Romans invade Britain, 6; subjugate
it, 10; state of the empire at the
time of the invasion, 12; their
toleration of all religions, 16; ex-
tension of their conquests, 18; their
arts and improvements, 22; their
four great roads, 23; their peaceful
rule, 24, 32; their various settle-
ments in Britain, 31; disturbed
state of the world after their
withdrawal from Britain, 33 et
Rome, Church of, grows strong at the
extremities in proportion as she is
weak at the heart, 357; contests
between rival popes, 358; taken
and sacked by the Duke of Bour-
bon, 434; subjection to, a loss of
independence, 469.
Romilly, Sir Samuel, 767.
Romish plots for assassinating Queen
Elizabeth, 484.
Rooke, Admiral, Sir George, 663;
captures Gibraltar, 670; his victory
in the Bay of Vigo, 681.
Rookwood, of Coldham, the gun-
powder plot conspirator, 514.
Roses, wars of the, 384 et seq., 391-4;
great destruction of life sustained
thereby, 394; termination of the,
405; united by the marriage of
Elizabeth of York to Henry VII.,
Ross, New, slaughter of the Irish
rebels at, 737.
Rosslyn, the English forces defeated
at, 275.
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