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PRACTICAL, SYSTEMATIC
AND COMPARATIVE

BEING A REVISION AND REARRANGEMENT OF
ORTON'S COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

BY

CHARLES WRIGHT DODGE, M.S.

PROFESSOR OF BIOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER

NEW YORK .:. CINCINNATI .:. CHICAGO
AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

MANVAND COLLEGE LIBRARY

GIFT OF THE

GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

217

COPYRIGHT, 1876, 1883, 1894, BY HARPER & BROTHERS.

COPYRIGHT, 1903, BY AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY.

ENTERED AT STATIONERS' HALL, LONDON.

GEN. ZOOLOGY.

W. PI

PREFACE

IN preparing this text-book of General Zoölogy an attempt has been made to meet the wants of teachers who desire a treatment of the subject somewhat different from that contained in earlier editions of Professor Orton's work, and to furnish a course of study suited to the needs of the general student who wishes to learn the principal facts and theories of zoölogy and thus to obtain a fairly comprehensive idea of the science. To this end it has seemed desirable so to arrange a course of study that the student may gain by personal observation concrete knowledge of the structure and activities of animals, and, by so doing, - acquire some familiarity, slight perhaps, but nevertheless valuable, with the method of zoological investigation; that he may obtain also a knowledge of the relationships of animals as expressed in an accepted scheme of classification; that he may, further, broaden this knowledge by a comparison of animals in their structural and physiological relationships; and that, finally, he be placed in position to understand the significance of the more important theories of the science. With these aims in view the text of Professor Orton's Comparative Zoology" has been revised and rearranged as described below.

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