Affection for his Children.

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patience and example of loving-kindness to all, in its exhibition of gentleness. His married life was perfect in its tender realisation of all that can come from the mingling of well-adapted natures. To his children. Darwin was indulgent and kind, tender and sympathetic; he early gained their full love and confidence, and always retained it. That he made them the objects of his scientific investigations is shown by his great work, "The Expression of the Emotions"; yet that he had all the love and affection of the unscientific parent is seen in the following extract from a letter written to a friend: "He (ie., the baby) is so charming that I cannot pretend to any modesty. I defy anybody to flatter us on our baby, for I defy anyone to say anything in its praise of which we are not fully conscious. I had not the smallest conception there was so much in a five-months baby. You will perceive by this that I have a fine degree of paternal fervour." His son

Francis states that he does not remember ever hearing his father speak an angry word, yet the children never thought of disobeying him. "I well remember," says his son, "one occasion when my father reproved me for a piece of carelessness; and I can still recall the feeling of depression which came over me, and the care which he took to disperse it by speaking to me soon afterwards with especial kindness. He kept up his delightful, affectionate manner towards us all his life. I sometimes wonder that he could do so, with such an undemonstrative race as we are; but I hope he knew how much we delighted in his loving words and manner.

How

often, when a man, I have wished when my father was behind my chair, that he would pass his hand over my hair, as he used to do when I was a boy. He allowed his grown-up children to laugh with and at him, and was, generally speaking, on terms of perfect equality with us."

Early Papers-Publications by Scientific Societies-"The Formation of Mould"-"The Cirripedia "-The Wallace Incident-Collecting Material for the "Origin of Species"-Success of the Work-Time Spent in Authorship-Religion-Final Work and Death.

ARWIN'S life-work can

only be realised and appreciated by an examination of the papers, monographs, and books which he produced between the years 1835 and 1882, and with a full understanding of the years of labour entailed in the material and fact-storing process. The voyage of the Beagle was

the preparatory time, the season during which he stored his mind with truths bearing upon every possible branch of natural science. He was not simply a biologist; his attention was not given to life alone, but to nature in its broadest sense, and that his re

ceptive mind was well equipped to retain the enormous fund of information he acquired, is shown by the elaborate works he has handed down to posterity. We have seen him as a youth reading his paper on the Flustra to the Solons of the Plinian Society; a few years later, when still a young man, we find him a leading and central figure among all the naturalists of Europe, a leader of science in all the term implies.

In 1837 Henslow caused to be published some extracts from his private letters which he considered of public scientific value, and during the same year several important papers appeared in the "Proceedings of the Royal Zoölogical Society of London." In 1838 papers and monographs followed each other rapidly: "The Formation of Mould," " Observations on the Recent Elevation of the Coast of Chili," "A Sketch of the Extinct Mammalia of the Pampas," "Elevation and Subsidence in the Pacific," and "Volcanic Phenomena," produced in this year, all attracted attention in the scientific world. Up to the time of his death Darwin published twenty-three works, each of which is a record of indefatigable research, and an exhaustive treatise on the subject in hand. Besides these he produced eighty-one or eighty-two papers, which were read and published by the various scientific societies of Europe.

The "log-book," which we have followed in the trip around the world, was carefully written during the voyage, and afterwards revised and published in 1839 as a part of Captain Fitz-Roy's report. In 1845 it was published separately, proving an imme

diate success; and Darwin tells us that "the success of this, my first literary child, always tickles my vanity more than that of any of my other books."

The book had a large sale; the direct and simple method of treatment, so unlike the abstruse and technical scientific works of the day, finding ready acceptance among the great masses of the people. The first edition was soon exhausted; foreign publishers translated it into French, German, and other languages, and even to-day it commands a large and constant sale. A second edition was brought out, to be followed by others, and it is estimated that fifteen or twenty thousand copies of the book have been sold. This work may be said to have occupied five years in its production.

In 1846 Darwin published his “Geological Observations on South America"; this and two others, including the "Coral Reefs," representing four and a half years of continued and steady labour. Darwin modestly disclaims any merit for them, but they were essentially epoch-making, and in many ways revolutionised existing thought and theory. While in Chili he discovered a new and singular barnacle burrowing in a shell. To understand its affinities. necessitated a study of the entire Cirripedes, which resulted in the grand work "Cirripedia," which was published in 1846. The study and investigations, which resulted in this monograph, required eight years of constant attention, about two of which he considered lost on account of illness, though it is known that he laboured even when ill. The book was, when published, a complete history of these