Honours, Degrees, Societies, Etc. 153 Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, New Zealand. Hon. Mem ber, 1863. New Zealand Institute. Hon. Member, 1872. Sociedad Científica Argentina. Hon. Member, 1877. Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Argentine Republic. Member, 1878. Hon. Sociedad Zoolójica Arjentina. Hon. Member, 1874. Boston Society of Natural History. Hon. Member, 1873. American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Boston). Foreign Hon. Member, 1874. Hon. Member, 1872. Corresp. Member, 1877. California Academy of Sciences. California State Geological Society. Franklin Literary Society, Indiana. Sociedad de Naturalistas Neo-Granadinos. New York Academy of Sciences. Gabinete Portuguez de Leitura em Pernambuco. Corresp. Member, 1879. Hon. Member, 1860. Hon. Member, 1879. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Correspondent, 1860. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. Member, 1869. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. Imperial Academy of Sciences of Vienna. Foreign Corresponding Member, 1871; Hon. Foreign Member, 1875. Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien. Hon. Member, 1872. K. k. Zoölogisch-botanische Gesellschaft in Wien. Member, 1867. Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, Pest, 1872. BELGIUM. Société Royale des Sciences Médicales et Naturelles de Bruxelles. Hon. Member, 1878. Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique. 1881. 'Membre Associé," "Associé de la Académie Royale des Sciences, etc., de Belgique. Classe des Sciences," 1870. DENMARK. Royal Society of Copenhagen. Fellow, 1879. FRANCE. Société d'Anthropologie de Paris. Société Entomologique de France. Société Géologique de France (Life Member), 1837. Institut de France. Correspondant," Section of Botany, 1878. Foreign Member, 1871. GERMANY. Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (Berlin). Corresponding Member, 1863; Fellow, 1878. Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, etc. Member, 1877. Corresponding Schlesische Gesellschaft für Vaterländische Cultur (Breslau). Hon. Member, 1878. Cæsarea Leopoldino-Carolina Academia Naturæ Curiosorum (Dresden), 1857. Senkenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Frankfurt am Main. Corresponding Member, 1873. Naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Halle. Member, 1879. Siebenbürgische Verein für Naturwissenschaften (Hermannstadt). Hon. Member, 1877. Medicinisch-naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft zu Jena. Hon. Member, 1878. Royal Bavarian Academy of Literature and Science (Münich). Foreign Member, 1878. HOLLAND. Koninklijke Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch-Indie (Batavia). Corresponding Member, 1880. Société Hollandaise des Sciences à Harlem. Foreign Member, 1877. Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetenschappen te Middleburg. Foreign Member, 1877. ITALY. Società Geografica Italiana (Florence), 1870. Società Italiana di Antropologia e di Etnologia (Florence). Hon. Member, 1872. Honours, Degrees, Societies, Etc. 155 Società dei Naturalisti in Modena. Hon. Member, 1875. La Scuola Italica, Academia Pitagorica, Reale ed Imp. Società (Rome). "Presidente Onoraria degli Anziani Pitagorici," 1880. Royal Academy of Turin. 1873. Bressa Prize, 1879. PORTUGAL. Sociedade de Geographia de Lisboa (Lisbon). Corresponding Member, 1877. RUSSIA. Society of Naturalists of the Imperial Kazan University. Hon. Member, 1875. Societas Cæsarea Naturæ Curiosorum (Moscow). Hon. Member, 1870. Imperial Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg). Corresponding Member, 1867. SPAIN. Institucion Libre de Enseñanza (Madrid). Hon. Professor, 1877. SWEDEN. Royal Swedish Acad. of Sciences (Stockholm). Foreign Member 1865. Royal Society of Sciences (Upsala). Fellow, 1860. SWITZERLAND. Société des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchatel. Corresponding Member, 1863. The First Known Darwin-The Head of the Family-Natural-History Tastes-Poets, Doctors, and Military Men-Erasmus Darwin-Carlyle's Description of Erasmus-Evidences of Genius. W E have seen that Darwin possessed all the elements of greatness; that he was not merely a hero of science in name, but by virtue of his attainments rose to the highest eminence among scientific men, and in the broad field of natural history was the recognised head and leader. The ancestry of such a man has a peculiar interest, especially after a review of the salient features of his life. The name has been traced back to the year 1500, when in Lincolnshire and some other counties it was spelled Derwent, Darwen, and Darwynne. The First Known Darwin. 157 The first known ancestor of the present Darwin family was, in 1500, a resident of the village of Marton, near Gainsborough. His name was William, and the records show that his great-grandson Richard became heir to property in Marton. A clause in the latter's will shows that he "bequeathed the sum of 3s. 4d. towards the settynge up of the Queen's Majestie's armes over the quearie (choir) doore in the parishe churche of Marton." Richard's son, named William, was a successful man, and a “gentleman." He retained the ancestral land at Marton, and increased his possessions through marriage, adding an estate at Cleatham, where he settled, the property remaining in the family until the year 1760. To-day all that remains of the place is a thick-walled cottage, an old fish-pond, some large trees, and a field still called "Darwin Charity," from the fact that it was subject to a charge in favour of the poor of Marton parish. In 1613 William Darwin was appointed to the post of Yeoman of the Royal Armoury at Greenwich by King James the First. The office was one of honour rather than profit, and he appears to have held it until his death. The son of this William, called also William, when very young entered the King's service, receiving a commission as "Captain-Lieutenant" in Sir William Pelham's mounted troop. During the troubles of the times, when the royal armies were almost dispersed and driven to Scotland, his estates were seized, but finally returned upon his signing the Solemn League and Covenant and paying a heavy fine, which almost ruined him. Later he became a |