The Origin and Evolution of CulturesLos Angeles Robert Boyd Professor of Anthropology University of California, Davis Peter J. Richerson Professor of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Oxford University Press, USA, 22 дек. 2004 г. - Всего страниц: 464 Oxford presents, in one convenient and coherently organized volume, 20 influential but until now relatively inaccessible articles that form the backbone of Boyd and Richerson's path-breaking work on evolution and culture. Their interdisciplinary research is based on two notions. First, that culture is crucial for understanding human behavior; unlike other organisms, socially transmitted beliefs, attitudes, and values heavily influence our behavior. Secondly, culture is part of biology: the capacity to acquire and transmit culture is a derived component of human psychology, and the contents of culture are deeply intertwined with our biology. Culture then is a pool of information, stored in the brains of the population that gets transmitted from one brain to another by social learning processes. Therefore, culture can account for both our outstanding ecological success as well as the maladaptations that characterize much of human behavior. The interest in this collection will span anthropology, psychology, economics, philosophy, and political science. |
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Стр. 9
... average , the behavior observed in any particular society at any particular time may reflect evolved maladaptations . Empirical evidence for the predicted maladaptations is not hard to find . Much of our work has been directed at ...
... average , the behavior observed in any particular society at any particular time may reflect evolved maladaptations . Empirical evidence for the predicted maladaptations is not hard to find . Much of our work has been directed at ...
Стр. 14
... average , individual learning gets the right answer , but sometimes it leads to errors . Even in the dry environment , a run of rainy years might lead one who depends on individual experience to believe that the environment is really ...
... average , individual learning gets the right answer , but sometimes it leads to errors . Even in the dry environment , a run of rainy years might lead one who depends on individual experience to believe that the environment is really ...
Стр. 15
... average quality of cultural traditions to the benefit of everyone . Selection at the individual level will tend to produce less individual learning and bias than would be optimal from the point of view of the population because of the ...
... average quality of cultural traditions to the benefit of everyone . Selection at the individual level will tend to produce less individual learning and bias than would be optimal from the point of view of the population because of the ...
Стр. 17
... average size of mammalian brains has gradually increased . The rate of increase has jumped during the last couple of million years . Brain size increase in mammals has an interesting parallel in the cooling and drying of climates over ...
... average size of mammalian brains has gradually increased . The rate of increase has jumped during the last couple of million years . Brain size increase in mammals has an interesting parallel in the cooling and drying of climates over ...
Стр. 21
... average , in constant environments reliance on social learning always leads to higher fitness than reliance on individual learning . We will then add environmental variability to the model . Under these conditions , there is an optimal ...
... average , in constant environments reliance on social learning always leads to higher fitness than reliance on individual learning . We will then add environmental variability to the model . Under these conditions , there is an optimal ...
Содержание
13 | |
19 | |
35 | |
52 | |
Climate Culture and the Evolution of Cognition | 66 |
Norms and Bounded Rationality | 83 |
ETHNIC GROUPS AND MARKERS | 99 |
The Evolution of Ethnic Markers | 103 |
GroupBeneficial Norms Can Spread Rapidly in a Structured Population | 227 |
The Evolution of Altruistic Punishment | 241 |
Cultural Evolution of Human Cooperation | 251 |
ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURE HISTORY | 283 |
How Microevolutionary Processes Give Rise to History | 287 |
Are Cultural Phylogenies Possible? | 310 |
Was Agriculture Impossible during the Pleistocene but Mandatory during the Holocene? A Climate Change Hypothesis | 337 |
LINKS TO OTHER DISCIPLINES | 375 |
Shared Norms and the Evolution of Ethnic Markers | 118 |
HUMAN COOPERATION RECIPROCITY AND GROUP SELECTION | 133 |
The Evolution of Reciprocity in Sizable Groups | 145 |
Punishment Allows the Evolution of Cooperation or Anything Else in Sizable Groups | 166 |
Why People Punish Defectors Weak Conformist Transmission Can Stabilize Costly Enforcement of Norms in Cooperative Dilemmas | 189 |
Can GroupFunctional Behaviors Evolve by Cultural Group Selection? An Empirical Test | 204 |
Rationality Imitation and Tradition | 379 |
Simple Models of Complex Phenomena The Case of Cultural Evolution | 397 |
Memes Universal Acid or a Better Mousetrap? | 420 |
Author Index | 437 |
Subject Index | 446 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
acquire adaptive agriculture animals argue assume average fitness average payoff beliefs benefits biology Boyd and Richerson brain Cambridge Cavalli-Sforza climate cognitive common complex conformist transmission contingent cooperation cost costly cultural change cultural evolution cultural group selection cultural transmission cultural variation Darwinian defection defectors depends diffusion dividuals effect environment environmental equilibrium evolution of cooperation evolutionary biology evolutionary process evolve example expected fitness explain extinction favored Feldman frequency function Galef genes genetic group-beneficial habitat Henrich Holocene human behavior hunter-gatherers imitation important individual learning inheritance initial innovations institutions kin selection lead learners marker traits migration natural selection norms observational learning organization P. J. Richerson parameter phylogenies plausible Pleistocene prisoner's dilemma probability problem psychology punishment R₁ random reciprocating strategies relatively result Science similar simple models social interaction social learning societies species spread subsistence suggest transmitted University Press Upper Paleolithic variable W. D. Hamilton Younger Dryas
Ссылки на эту книгу
Language, Consciousness, Culture: Essays on Mental Structure Ray Jackendoff Ограниченный просмотр - 2007 |
People and Nature: An Introduction to Human Ecological Relations Emilio F. Moran Недоступно для просмотра - 2006 |