The Origin and Evolution of CulturesLos Angeles Robert Boyd Professor of Anthropology University of California, Davis Peter J. Richerson Professor of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Oxford University Press, USA, 22 дек. 2004 г. - Всего страниц: 464 Oxford presents, in one convenient and coherently organized volume, 20 influential but until now relatively inaccessible articles that form the backbone of Boyd and Richerson's path-breaking work on evolution and culture. Their interdisciplinary research is based on two notions. First, that culture is crucial for understanding human behavior; unlike other organisms, socially transmitted beliefs, attitudes, and values heavily influence our behavior. Secondly, culture is part of biology: the capacity to acquire and transmit culture is a derived component of human psychology, and the contents of culture are deeply intertwined with our biology. Culture then is a pool of information, stored in the brains of the population that gets transmitted from one brain to another by social learning processes. Therefore, culture can account for both our outstanding ecological success as well as the maladaptations that characterize much of human behavior. The interest in this collection will span anthropology, psychology, economics, philosophy, and political science. |
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Стр. 14
... learners is sufficient to keep most traditions adapted to the local environment . In the opposite limit , when individuals move so much that each generation is placed at random with respect to their mom's environment , imitation ...
... learners is sufficient to keep most traditions adapted to the local environment . In the opposite limit , when individuals move so much that each generation is placed at random with respect to their mom's environment , imitation ...
Стр. 15
... learners have exactly the same fitness , and since learners always have the same fitness , this mixture of imitators and learners has the same fitness as an all - learner population before imitators began evolving in it . Social ...
... learners have exactly the same fitness , and since learners always have the same fitness , this mixture of imitators and learners has the same fitness as an all - learner population before imitators began evolving in it . Social ...
Стр. 36
... learners and imitators . Learners figure out whether the current environment is wet or dry and always adopt the appropriate behavior . However , the learning process is costly in that it reduces learners ' chances of survival or ...
... learners and imitators . Learners figure out whether the current environment is wet or dry and always adopt the appropriate behavior . However , the learning process is costly in that it reduces learners ' chances of survival or ...
Стр. 37
... learners . On the other hand , when learners are rare , they have higher fitness than imitators . When there are very few learners , most of the imitators copy imitators who themselves copied imitators and so on . Because the ...
... learners . On the other hand , when learners are rare , they have higher fitness than imitators . When there are very few learners , most of the imitators copy imitators who themselves copied imitators and so on . Because the ...
Стр. 38
... learners always acquire the correct be- havior . Each of these assumptions can be changed without changing the quali- tative result . Consider a model in which organisms live in an environment that consists of a large number of discrete ...
... learners always acquire the correct be- havior . Each of these assumptions can be changed without changing the quali- tative result . Consider a model in which organisms live in an environment that consists of a large number of discrete ...
Содержание
13 | |
19 | |
35 | |
52 | |
Climate Culture and the Evolution of Cognition | 66 |
Norms and Bounded Rationality | 83 |
ETHNIC GROUPS AND MARKERS | 99 |
The Evolution of Ethnic Markers | 103 |
GroupBeneficial Norms Can Spread Rapidly in a Structured Population | 227 |
The Evolution of Altruistic Punishment | 241 |
Cultural Evolution of Human Cooperation | 251 |
ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURE HISTORY | 283 |
How Microevolutionary Processes Give Rise to History | 287 |
Are Cultural Phylogenies Possible? | 310 |
Was Agriculture Impossible during the Pleistocene but Mandatory during the Holocene? A Climate Change Hypothesis | 337 |
LINKS TO OTHER DISCIPLINES | 375 |
Shared Norms and the Evolution of Ethnic Markers | 118 |
HUMAN COOPERATION RECIPROCITY AND GROUP SELECTION | 133 |
The Evolution of Reciprocity in Sizable Groups | 145 |
Punishment Allows the Evolution of Cooperation or Anything Else in Sizable Groups | 166 |
Why People Punish Defectors Weak Conformist Transmission Can Stabilize Costly Enforcement of Norms in Cooperative Dilemmas | 189 |
Can GroupFunctional Behaviors Evolve by Cultural Group Selection? An Empirical Test | 204 |
Rationality Imitation and Tradition | 379 |
Simple Models of Complex Phenomena The Case of Cultural Evolution | 397 |
Memes Universal Acid or a Better Mousetrap? | 420 |
Author Index | 437 |
Subject Index | 446 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
acquire adaptive agriculture animals argue assume average fitness average payoff beliefs benefits biology Boyd and Richerson brain Cambridge Cavalli-Sforza climate cognitive common complex conformist transmission contingent cooperation cost costly cultural change cultural evolution cultural group selection cultural transmission cultural variation Darwinian defection defectors depends diffusion dividuals effect environment environmental equilibrium evolution of cooperation evolutionary biology evolutionary process evolve example expected fitness explain extinction favored Feldman frequency function Galef genes genetic group-beneficial habitat Henrich Holocene human behavior hunter-gatherers imitation important individual learning inheritance initial innovations institutions kin selection lead learners marker traits migration natural selection norms observational learning organization P. J. Richerson parameter phylogenies plausible Pleistocene prisoner's dilemma probability problem psychology punishment R₁ random reciprocating strategies relatively result Science similar simple models social interaction social learning societies species spread subsistence suggest transmitted University Press Upper Paleolithic variable W. D. Hamilton Younger Dryas
Ссылки на эту книгу
Language, Consciousness, Culture: Essays on Mental Structure Ray Jackendoff Ограниченный просмотр - 2007 |
People and Nature: An Introduction to Human Ecological Relations Emilio F. Moran Недоступно для просмотра - 2006 |