The Origin and Evolution of CulturesLos Angeles Robert Boyd Professor of Anthropology University of California, Davis Peter J. Richerson Professor of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Oxford University Press, USA, 22 дек. 2004 г. - Всего страниц: 464 Oxford presents, in one convenient and coherently organized volume, 20 influential but until now relatively inaccessible articles that form the backbone of Boyd and Richerson's path-breaking work on evolution and culture. Their interdisciplinary research is based on two notions. First, that culture is crucial for understanding human behavior; unlike other organisms, socially transmitted beliefs, attitudes, and values heavily influence our behavior. Secondly, culture is part of biology: the capacity to acquire and transmit culture is a derived component of human psychology, and the contents of culture are deeply intertwined with our biology. Culture then is a pool of information, stored in the brains of the population that gets transmitted from one brain to another by social learning processes. Therefore, culture can account for both our outstanding ecological success as well as the maladaptations that characterize much of human behavior. The interest in this collection will span anthropology, psychology, economics, philosophy, and political science. |
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Стр. 15
... population before imitators began evolving in it . Social learning evolves , but it is not adaptive because the population at equilibrium copes no better with a variable environment than a population that doesn't imitate at all . In ...
... population before imitators began evolving in it . Social learning evolves , but it is not adaptive because the population at equilibrium copes no better with a variable environment than a population that doesn't imitate at all . In ...
Стр. 20
... population through time . Consider a young rat learning food preferences . To predict whether it acquires a preference for some food , say cilantro , by social learning , we need to know whether its mother's diet includes cilantro . Its ...
... population through time . Consider a young rat learning food preferences . To predict whether it acquires a preference for some food , say cilantro , by social learning , we need to know whether its mother's diet includes cilantro . Its ...
Стр. 21
... population of organisms is potentially confronted with a variable environment in which different behaviors are favored by selection in different habitats . 2. Individuals in the population can acquire their behavior by some mixture of ...
... population of organisms is potentially confronted with a variable environment in which different behaviors are favored by selection in different habitats . 2. Individuals in the population can acquire their behavior by some mixture of ...
Стр. 22
... population . The larger S is , the poorer the individual's estimate of the state of the environment . If SIMI , then most individuals ' experiences will clearly in- dicate the state of the environment . If S > IMI , the results of ...
... population . The larger S is , the poorer the individual's estimate of the state of the environment . If SIMI , then most individuals ' experiences will clearly in- dicate the state of the environment . If S > IMI , the results of ...
Стр. 24
... population converges to the equilibrium value depends crucially on the amount of social learning . If there is little individual learning , p, and pj will be very small , and social learning will ensure that the population remains very ...
... population converges to the equilibrium value depends crucially on the amount of social learning . If there is little individual learning , p, and pj will be very small , and social learning will ensure that the population remains very ...
Содержание
13 | |
19 | |
35 | |
52 | |
Climate Culture and the Evolution of Cognition | 66 |
Norms and Bounded Rationality | 83 |
ETHNIC GROUPS AND MARKERS | 99 |
The Evolution of Ethnic Markers | 103 |
GroupBeneficial Norms Can Spread Rapidly in a Structured Population | 227 |
The Evolution of Altruistic Punishment | 241 |
Cultural Evolution of Human Cooperation | 251 |
ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURE HISTORY | 283 |
How Microevolutionary Processes Give Rise to History | 287 |
Are Cultural Phylogenies Possible? | 310 |
Was Agriculture Impossible during the Pleistocene but Mandatory during the Holocene? A Climate Change Hypothesis | 337 |
LINKS TO OTHER DISCIPLINES | 375 |
Shared Norms and the Evolution of Ethnic Markers | 118 |
HUMAN COOPERATION RECIPROCITY AND GROUP SELECTION | 133 |
The Evolution of Reciprocity in Sizable Groups | 145 |
Punishment Allows the Evolution of Cooperation or Anything Else in Sizable Groups | 166 |
Why People Punish Defectors Weak Conformist Transmission Can Stabilize Costly Enforcement of Norms in Cooperative Dilemmas | 189 |
Can GroupFunctional Behaviors Evolve by Cultural Group Selection? An Empirical Test | 204 |
Rationality Imitation and Tradition | 379 |
Simple Models of Complex Phenomena The Case of Cultural Evolution | 397 |
Memes Universal Acid or a Better Mousetrap? | 420 |
Author Index | 437 |
Subject Index | 446 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
acquire adaptive agriculture animals argue assume average fitness average payoff beliefs benefits biology Boyd and Richerson brain Cambridge Cavalli-Sforza climate cognitive common complex conformist transmission contingent cooperation cost costly cultural change cultural evolution cultural group selection cultural transmission cultural variation Darwinian defection defectors depends diffusion dividuals effect environment environmental equilibrium evolution of cooperation evolutionary biology evolutionary process evolve example expected fitness explain extinction favored Feldman frequency function Galef genes genetic group-beneficial habitat Henrich Holocene human behavior hunter-gatherers imitation important individual learning inheritance initial innovations institutions kin selection lead learners marker traits migration natural selection norms observational learning organization P. J. Richerson parameter phylogenies plausible Pleistocene prisoner's dilemma probability problem psychology punishment R₁ random reciprocating strategies relatively result Science similar simple models social interaction social learning societies species spread subsistence suggest transmitted University Press Upper Paleolithic variable W. D. Hamilton Younger Dryas
Ссылки на эту книгу
Language, Consciousness, Culture: Essays on Mental Structure Ray Jackendoff Ограниченный просмотр - 2007 |
People and Nature: An Introduction to Human Ecological Relations Emilio F. Moran Недоступно для просмотра - 2006 |