any of them, or his or their, or any of his or their companies; giving and granting by these presents further power and authority, to the said WALTER RALEGH, his heirs or assigns, and every of them, from time to time, and at all times forever hereafter, to take and surprise by all manner of means whatsoever, all and every those person or persons, with their ships, vessels, and other goods and furniture, which without the license of the said WALTER RALEGH, or his heirs or assigns as aforesaid, shall be found trafficking into any harbor or harbors, creek or creeks, within the limits aforesaid (the subjects of our realms and dominions, and all other persons in amity. with us, trading to the new found lands for fish. ing as heretofore they have commonly used, or being driven by force of a tempest, or shipwreck only excepted); and those persons, and every of them, with their ships, vessels, goods and furniture, to detain and possess as of good and lawful prize, according to the direction of him the said WALTER RALEGH, his heirs and · assigns, and every or any of them. And for uniting in more perfect league and amity, of such countries, lands, and territories, so to be possessed and inhabited as aforesaid, with our realms of England and Ireland, and the better encouragement of men to these enterprises, we do by these presents grant and declare that all such countries, so hereafter to be possessed and inhabited as is aforesaid, from thenceforth shall be of the allegiance of us, our heirs and successors. And we do grant to the said WALTER RALEGH, his heirs and assigns, and to all and every of them, and to all and every other person and persons, being of our allegiance, whose names shall be noted or entered in some of our courts of record within our realm of England, that with the assent of the said WALTER RALEGH, his heirs or assigns, shall in his journeys for discovery, or in the journeys for conquest, hereafter travel to such lands, countries and territories, as aforesaid, and to their and to every of their heirs, that they, and every or any of them, being either born within our said realms of England or Ireland, or in any other place within our allegiance, and which hereafter shall be inhabiting within any the lands, countries and territories with such license (as aforesaid), shall and may have all the privileges of free denizens, and persons native of England, and within our allegiance in such like ample manner and form, as if they

1

were born and personally resident within our said realm of Eng'land, any law, custom, or usage to the contrary notwithstanding.

And forasmuch, as upon the finding out, discovering, or inhabiting of such remote lands, countries, and territories as aforesaid, it shall be necessary for the safety of all men, that shall adventure themselves in those journeys or voyages, to determine to live together in Christian peace and civil quietness, each with the other, whereby every one may with more pleasure and profit enjoy that whereunto they shall attain with great pain and peril, we, for us, our heirs and successors, are likewise pleased and contented, and by these presents do give and grant to the said WALTER RALEGH, his heirs and assigns forever, that he and they, and every or any of them, shall and may from time to time forever hereafter, within the same mentioned remote lands and countries in the way by the seas thither, and from thence, have full and mere power and authority to correct, punish, pardon, govern, and rule by their and every or any of their good discretions and policies, as well in causes capital, or criminal, as civil, both marine and other, all such our subjects as shall from time to time adventure themselves in the said journeys or voyages, or that shall at any time hereafter inhabit any such lands, countries, or territories, as aforesaid, or that shall abide within 200 leagues of any of the said place or places, where the said WALTER RALEGH, his heirs, or assigns, or any of them, or any of his or their associates or companies, shall inhabit within six years next ensuing the date hereof, according to such statutes, laws and ordinances, as shall be by him the said WALTER RALEGH, his heirs and assigns, and every or any of them, devised, or established, for the better government of the said people as aforesaid. So always as the said statutes, laws, and ordinances may be as near as conveniently may be, agreeable to the form of the laws, statutes, government, or policy of England, and also so as they be not against the true Christian faith, now professed in the Church of England, nor in any wise to withdraw any of the subjects or people of those lands or places from the allegiance of us, our heirs and successors, as their immediate Sovereign under God.

And further, we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant full power and authority to our trusty and

well beloved counsellor Sir WILLIAM CECILL, Knight, LORD BURGHLEY, our high Treasurer of England, and to the Lord Treasurer of England, for us, our heirs and successors for the time being, and to the privy council, of us, our heirs and successors, or any four or more of them, for the time being, that he, they, or any four or more of them, shall and may from time to time, and at all times hereafter, under his or their hands or seals by virtue of these presents, authorize and license the said WALTER RALEGH, his heirs and assigns, and every or any of them by him, and by themselves, or by their, or any of their sufficient attorneys, deputies, officers, ministers, factors, and servants, to embark and transport out of our Realms of England and Ireland, and the dominions thereof, all, or any of his, or their goods, and all or any the goods of his and their associates and companies, and every or any of them, with such other necessaries and commodities of any our Realms, as to the said Lord Treasurer, or four or more of the privy council, of us, our heirs and successors for the time being (as aforesaid) shall be from time to time by his or their wisdom or discretions thought meet and convenient, for the better relief and support of him the said WALTER RALEGH, his heirs and assigns, and every or any of them, and of his or their or any of their associates and companies, any act, statute, law, or other thing to the contrary.in any wise notwithstanding.

Provided always, and our will and pleasure is, and we do hereby declare to all Christian Kings, Princes and States, that if the said WALTER RALEGH, his heirs or assigns, or any of them, or any other of their license or appointment, shall at any time or times hereafter, rob or spoil, by sea or by land, or do any act of unjust or unlawful hostility, to any of the subjects of us, our heirs or successors, or to any of the subjects of any the kings, princes, rulers, governors, or estates, being then in perfect league and amity with us, our heirs and successors, and that upon such injury, or upon just complaint of any such prince, ruler, governor, or estate, or their subjects, we, our heirs and successors, shall make open proclamation within any the ports of our Realm of England, that the said WALTER RALEGH, his heirs and assigns, and adherents, or any to whom these our letters patents may extend, shall within the terms to be limited by such proclamation, make full restitution and satisfaction of all such injuries done: so as both we and

the said princes, or other so complaining, may hold us and themselves fully contented. And that if the said WALTER RALEGH, his heirs and assigns, shall not make or cause to be made satisfaction accordingly, within such time to be limited, that then it shall be lawful to us, our heirs and successors, to put the said WALTER RALEGH, his heirs and assigns and adherents, and all the inhabitants of the said places to be discovered (as is aforesaid) or any of them, out of our allegiance and protection, and that from and after such time of putting out of protection of the said Walter Ralegh, his heirs, assigns and adherents, and others so to be put out, and the said places within their habitation, possession and rule, shall be out of our allegiance and protection, and free for all princes and others, to pursue with hostility, as being not our subjects, nor by us any way to be avouched, maintained or defended, nor to be holden as any of ours, nor to our protection or dominion, or allegiance any way belonging; for that express mention of the clear yearly value of the certainty of the premises, or any part thereof, or of any other gift, or grant by us, or any our progenitors, or predecessors, to the said WALTER RALEGH, before this time made in these presents be not expressed, or any other grant, ordinance, provision, proclamation, or restraint to the contrary thereof, before this time given, ordained, or provided, or any other thing, cause or matter whatsoever, in any wise notwithstanding. In witness whereof, we have caused these our letters to be made patents. Witness ourselves, at Westminster, the five and twentieth day of March, in the six and twentieth year of our reign.

[The portion of time back to which this charter carries us, embraces ore of the most exciting as well as brightest periods of English history in the reign of the "Virgin Queen ;" and of the characters presented to our notice, the most interesting to North Carolinians is that of the very remarkable man whose enterprise first planted on our shores a colony of Englishmen.

The State in which he placed the little handful of men who were the pio

neers in America, of English colonization, has rendered its tribute of respect to the name of RALEIGH by conferring it upon her capital; and we would fain justify our countrymen by showing that they have but rendered honor where it was due. It is therefore hoped that to a story of which North Carolina is to be the subject, a brief sketch of the life and character of Sir Walter Raleigh will form no inappropriate introduction.] VOL. I.-2.

THERE is ever to a generous mind something painful in contemplating the fallen fortunes of a man who once has "towered in his pride of place." Our sensibilities are touched when we look upon the buried greatness even of one whose own unworthiness has made him "totter to his fall." Who, for instance, can dwell unmoved upon the picture of a Bacon illustrating the truth of a sentiment penned by himself almost as if with prophetic vision-"Of all men he is most miserable who follows at the funeral of his own reputation ?" The contrast is so great between the honors rendered to elevated station, and the insult and neglect attendant upon altered fortunes, that in its contemplation even this world's pity divests itself for a time of its hypocritical mockery, and for once is honest in the expression of its sympathy. And if this be so, when "even-handed justice" is constrained to mingle condemnation with our pity, how much more is there to touch the sensibilities of our nature, when envy and persecution,