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The Oldest Horticultural Newspaper.

The

Gardeners' Chronicle.

(The Times' of Horticulture.)

3d. WEEKLY. Postage d.

15s. YEARLY. Post free.

FOR SIXTY YEARS THE LEADING JOURNAL.

ITS CONTRIBUTORS COMPRISE THE MOST
EXPERIENCED BRITISH GARDENERS,

AND MANY OF THE MOST

EMINENT MEN OF SCIENCE

AT HOME AND ABROAD.

IT HAS AN INTERNATIONAL REPUTATION FOR ITS ILLUSTRATIONS
OF PLANTS.

"The Gardeners' Chronicle has faithfully held to its promises. It is still, to-day, the best gardening
journal, being indispensable equally to the practical gardener and the man of science, because each finds
in it something useful. We wish the journal still further success."-Garten Flora, Berlin, Jan. 15.

"The Gardeners' Chronicle is the leading horticultural journal of the world, and an historical
publication. It has always excited our respectful admiration. A country is honoured by the possession
of such a publication, and the greatest honour we can aspire to is to furnish our own country with a
journal as admirably conducted."-La Semaine Horticole, Feb. 13, 1897.

"The Gardeners' Chronicle is the most important horticultural journal in the world, and the most
generally acknowledged authority."-Le Moniteur d'Horticulture, Sept., 1898.

Specimen Copy post free on application to

THE PUBLISHER, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON.
Telegraphic Address-GARDCHRON, LONDON.

Telephone No. 1543 GERRARD.

May be ordered of all Booksellers and Newsagents, and at the Railway Bookstalls.

Fublished Weekly by JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C., and Printed by
J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Athenæum Press, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E. C.-Saturday, July 4, 1914.

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Published annually, 27s. 6d. net.

VOL. XXVII. for 1913 Now READY.

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Illustrated. Cloth, 2s. 6d. net.

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London: ELLIOT STOCK, 7, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.

THE CLIQUE.

The Organ of the Antiquarian Book-Trade.

Established 1890. ISSUED SATURDAYS.

"OUT OF PRINT." When your bookseller gives you that reply, or you want a SCARCE BOOK, tell him to advertise in THE CLIQUE (the ONLY organ of the Antiquarian Book-Trade) and he is SURE TO GET IT.

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The readers of THE CLIQUE hold between them SEVENTY MILLION VOLUMES, so you see how certain you are to get the ONE VOLUME you want.

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BACK VOLUMES OF NOTES AND QUERIES

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Containing an Account of the Flag, Reprinted June, 1908.

With COLOURED ILLUSTRATION according to scale.

JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS,

Notes and Queries Office, Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.C.

11 S. X. JULY 11, 1914.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 11, 1914.

CONTENTS.-No. 237. NOTES:-Berrow's Worcester Journal,' 21-The Governor of Malta in Midshipman Easy,' 22-Webster a Contributor to Overbury's Characters,' 23-Anne Bronte "Sandwich spoils " in 1457, 24-The Chronicle of the Kings of England'-Shrovetide Throwing at the Cock, Fenimore Cooper: a 25-William Sydenham, M.D. Coincidence-Rectory House of St. Michael, CornhillLines quoted in Jonson's 'Poetaster,' 26-Royal Ladies as Colonels-in-Chief-"The weakest goes to the wall"A Misquotation in Thackeray: Colman, Goldsmith, and Gray, 27. QUERIES:-Judith Cowper: Mrs. Madan, 27-William Bell Scott-Medallic Legends-Old Etonians - Recent Work of Fiction Sought-Portrait of Dryden-"Galleon in English Verse, 28-Merchant Adventurers: Muscovy Company-Fildieu-Wall-Papers-" There's some water where the stags drown"-Folk-Lore Queries: Robins and Alexander Innes, D.D. F. Chapman-Childe or Child Family, 29-" The d-d strawberry "-McJannet Surname, 30. Registers of Protestant Dissenters, 30Wildgoose, 31-" ConREPLIES:"Speak to me, Lord Byron "damine"-Cromwell's Illegitimate Daughter, Mrs. Hartop -A "trawn chaer "-Moore of Winster, 32-Military Machines - Encaustic Tiles - Biographical Information Wanted - John Curwood-Alexander Smith's Dream

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Swallows Author Wanted

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thorp-Voltaire on the Jewish People-Centenary of the
Cigar-Register of Marriages of Roman Catholics, 33-
W. Baker T. Crane - Lethe, 34-" Ragtime "-Heart-
Burial-De Glamorgan-Clack Surname, 35-Ethics of
and "Gentleman" during the
the Dust'-" Master
Seventeenth Century Duke of Sussex Morganatic
Marriages, 36-The Times': Bananas-Loch Chesney-
Stubbs's Trade Protection Agency - Napoleon III. at
Chislehurst-Balnes, Laleham, and Littlyngton, 37 -
Southwark Bridge-Announcements in Newspaper Office
Windows-Old Etonians-The Great Eastern-Palla-
vicini, 38.

NOTES ON BOOKS:- London'-'London Survivals'—
Bannockburn'-'The Burlington Magazine.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.

Notes.

BERROW'S WORCESTER JOURNAL.'

THIS paper has always appeared once a week,
and to its present-day title the following
"Established 1690.
assertions are added:
The Oldest Newspaper in Great Britain.
Largest and leading county paper."

Up to the year 1836, no claim of this kind
was attached to the title of Berrow's Wor-
No. 6982,"
cester Journal, but to its issue for 22 Sept.,
Established
1836, which professed to be
added
was
the statement

66

This claim was continued up to
1709."
and inclusive of "No. 8909," published on
26 July, 1873.

But in the following week's issue, "No
9381," for 2 Aug., 1873, the claim was
Established 1690." No expla-
altered to "
nation was given either of this alteration,
or of the cause of the jump of 471 numbers
in one week.

66

Finally, to the title of its issue for 24 Jan.,
1885, professing to be "No. 9980," the journal
The Oldest News-
added the second claim :
paper in Great Britain "; the third claim,
with which I am not concerned, being added
later.

A simple calculation will convince any one
that the numeration is, and has always been,
And if the
incorrect, from the year 1836 downwards.
If No. 6982 appeared in 1836, the paper
paper's present-day numeration is more
must have commenced in 1722.
In Jan., 1890, Berrow's Worcester Journal
accurate, it must have commenced in 1693.
seems to have celebrated a sort of bicen-
tenary, and reprinted its articles on the
subject as a pamphlet (illustrated), with the
title of 'The Oldest English Newspaper.'

From this pamphlet it appears that a
passage in the book of one Worcester his-
torian, Valentine Green, has been the cause
of all these errors.

Valentine Green was born on 16 Oct., 1739. He was by profession an engraver, and was 25 years old when the first edition of his A Survey of the City of Worcester.' In work appeared in 1764, with its then title of this he says:

"From the best information it is conjectured as early as the commencement of the Revolution. that a public paper was established in Worcester

.That Worcester was among the earliest, if not the first of the provincial cities that opened this important and ready channel of communication of foreign and domestic intelligence is clearly ascertained.

"It will be seen in the next section that the magistracy of this City very early pledged themselves, in their corporate capacity, to favour and support the public measures taken to rid the nation of a tyranny that had been found inimical the period that gave birth to the weekly Worcester It is uncertain, however, in what order to its liberty and happiness. This was, doubtless, paper. a succession those publications were first issued, whether monthly, weekly, or what day of the month or week, or in what form, folio, quarto, or regular and orderly appearance in a small folio, otherwise; but in June, 1709, they assumed a number, published every Friday, and were printed containing six pages, which formed a weekly by Stephen Bryan, under the title of the Worcester Postman."

Dr. Nash's two immense volumes constitute the authoritative history of Worcester. He quotes Green; but severely disregards all 'Bibliohis assertions about the Worcester paper. In 1903 the Rev. J. R. Burton published the second volume of his valuable graphy of Worcestershire,' and on p. 5 says:

"In 1662, an Act restricted printing to London again in 1679 and 1685, and finally expired in York, Oxford, and Cambridge; it was renewed

was

1695. Before this latter year, then, it impossible for a book to be printed in Worcester except surreptitiously, and after Oswen (a sixteenth-century printer) nothing has certainly been produced there until 1708.'

The (quinquennial) Act in question was 13 and 14 Car. II. c. 33. It can be seen in 'The Statutes at Large.' It, however, was not renewed in 1678, owing to Titus Oates's plot. But it was in full force again from 1680 to 1695. Nothing, therefore, printed openly in Worcester before the year 1695, and nothing is known to have been printed surreptitiously even when the Act

was not in force.

6

was

J. B. WILLIAMS.

(To be continued.)

THE GOVERNOR OF MALTA
IN MR. MIDSHIPMAN EASY':
SIR THOMAS MAITLAND.

IN his Introduction to Mr. Midshipman
Easy' in the "Illustrated Standard Novels "
Series published by Messrs. Macmillan, Mr.
David Hannay says:-

"The Governor who rejoiced in Jack's stories may be named with confidence as Sir Alexander Ball, whom Marryat may have known, and must at least have heard of, when he was in the Mediterranean with Dundonald in the Impérieuse." I propose to show that this Governor of Malta was not Sir Alexander Ball, but Sir Thomas Maitland.

1. The Governor was much amused at the triangular method of fighting a duel, with three parties engaged at the same time, which was adopted by the Midshipman at the suggestion of Mr. Tallboys, the gunner. Capt. Wilson says to his First Lieutenant : "I dine at the Governor's to-day; how he will laugh when I tell him of this new way of fighting a duel!" To which Mr. Sawbridge replies: Yes, sir, it is just the thing that will tickle old Tom" (chap. xviii.). 2. The Governor is addressed and spoken of as Sir Thomas (chaps. xxii., xxviii., xli.).

66

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A.D.C., and he governs here in rey absoluto-so come along.' Now it is known that Maitland's nickname among his officers, civil and military, was "King Tom " or " Old King Tom."

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In addition to the argument from names, the character of the Governor of Malta, as depicted in the novel, is exactly that of Sir Thomas Maitland, who was noted for his eccentricities and arbitrary conduct. Sir for six years, describes him as Charles Napier, who had served under him a rough old despot." He had, too, a sort of grim humour, and was fond of a joke. more especially a practical joke. He took strong fancies and antipathies-was a good friend and a good hater. In the book Jack, as soon as he had given him an account of the grotesque duel, at which he "had laughed

...till he held his sides," became a first favourite, and afterwards, whenever Mr. Midshipman Easy had been through any other extraordinary adventure or was contemplating some fresh escapade, he used to say to himself, "I've a famous good yarn for the Governor," or "It would be a good joke to tell the Governor." So did Capt. Sawbridge console himself on one of these occasions for stifling his instinct to assert discipline and spoil sport with the reflection: "There'll be another yarn for the Governor, or I'm mistaken.” But with all his faults Maitland was a man of sound judgment and prompt action, and he had a kind heart. He gave Mr. Midshipman Easywhom he invited to make a home of Government House while he was detained at Malta -very good advice, and helped to prevent him from spoiling his career.

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It is, of course, chronologically inaccurate to make Maitland Governor of Malta during the period in which the Midshipman was serving in the Mediterranean, when England was at war with Spain as well as with France. Peace had been concluded with Spain in 1809. Maitland came to Malta from Ceylon, where he had been for six years Governor, in 1812 or early in 1813, and died there in 1824. But, as Mr. Hannay himself points out in his Introduction to Newton Forster,' Marryat "cared as little as Lever for mere

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