The earliest black-bordered pamphlet I became extinct) would indeed have shudhave is of 1699:

66

day the pronunciation coocumber still who was such an advocate of Druidism that, lingered in the Western counties. The case when his infant died, he ascended one of the of this word is quite different from that of neighbouring hills and cremated the corpse sparrowgrass,' ," which is merely a vulgar publicly. The police interfered, and the error. This can hardly be said of " cow-doctor was the object of odium and amused cumber"; it was, however, in error, due to a general change in the pronunciation of the diphthong ow. C. C. B.

WALTER SCOTT: SPURIOUS WAVERLEYS, PIRACIES, AND ATTACKS (11 S. x. 330, 374, 393,416).—In the second edition of Landor's Imaginary Conversations (1826, vol. ii. p. 281) there is a note referring to 66 certain famous novels." Landor says:

"I do not attempt to conjecture who is the author of them; but he is evidently a person who in his youth and early manhood was without the advantages of literary, or polished, or very decorous society. It is remarkable that the most popular works of our age, after Lord Byron's, are certainly less elegant in style than of any other age whatever. I have perused no volume of them in which there are not, at the lowest computation, twenty gross vulgarisms, or grosser violations of grammar, and in places where the character did not require nor authorize them."

surprise for some little time. But Wales has
always, and apparently always will have,
people who cling to Druidism and Bardism;
still, the Welsh character, like the Scotch, is
averse from anything that involves loss of
money by being conspicuous in anything
that will affect the market world un-
favourably.
H. H. JOHNSON.

Dr. William Price of Llantrisant attracted
much attention in South Wales by his
advocacy of Druidism, but he can hardly
be the "modern writer" about whom infor-
mation is desired, because he does not appear
to have published anything except a small
Welsh pamphlet, and the spelling of this
taken the trouble to read it.
was so uncouth that few people can have

Dr. Price called himself the Archdruid of Wales, and dressed himself for the part in Landor then gives some examples, includ-green trousers and shawl, scarlet vest, and ing one from Redgauntlet,' and he goes on foxskin cap. He died at the age of 90 on to say :23 Jan., 1893. By his own directions his body was burnt in one of his fields on the summit of a hill. cremation.

"I invite the learned to show me, in any volume in any language, the same number of equally great faults within the same space.'

The Aquilius Cimber mentioned in the conversation between Marcus Tullius and

Vast crowds watched the
DAVID SALMON.

Swansea.
[Further particulars of Dr. William Price will be
found at 11 S. iv. 273–4 ]

Quinctus Cicero may, perhaps, be meant for Scott; but see Mr. Crump's note on the subject in his edition of the Conversations PRZEMYSL LANGUAGE OF GALICIA (11 S. (vol. ii. p. 65). Landor, however, presently x. 410).-MR. ROBERT PIERPOINT will be became a warm admirer of Scott. sorry to know that we British cannot get "We ought to glory in such men," he said (Fors-this word. our tongue to fashion to pronounce aright ter's Landor, a Biography,' 1869, ii. 527); who tried vainly (and smilingly) to make I consulted lately a Bohemian, and he makes Porson say of him :"There is a freshness in all Scott's scenery; a something like tch, so that the whole word me pronounce the r, which apparently is vigour and distinction in all his characters. seems the brother in arms of Froissart." runs nearly Ptchz'm'sl. Galician, Polish, STEPHEN WHEELER. Russian, and Bohemian are all allied Oriental Club, Hanover Square. phonetically, and are all Slav.

66

He

MODERN ADVOCATE OF DRUIDISM (11 S. x. 408).-Dr. Pan Jones, who in the eighties of the last century styled himself Arch Druid of Wales," may be the person inquired for by MR. KUMAGUSU MINAKATA. If I remember aright, he got into trouble by burning his daughter's corpse on HALF-WELSHMAN.

The Polish compound consonant rz corresponds to the Bohemian ř (rzh, or trilled 7). In grammatical lists the sound is described as that of French g in logis, and the letter has the same sound. a Přemysl was the first legendary Bohemian prince, and Přemysl MR. KUMAGUSU MINAKATA will be inter-mologically, the name would appear to Ottakar one of the greatest kings. Etyested to know that, as a Welshman, I can tell him something of Dr. Price, a medical mean forethought. man in Monmouthshire, near Abergavenny,

mountain.

Streatham.

FRANCIS P. MARCHANT.

The name of this town is pronounced Pshe-missl. As regards the query about the language, Galicia being Austrian Poland, the predominant language is, of course, Polish, but nearly as large a percentage of the population speak Ruthenian, i.e., "Little-Russian." The Yiddish element is also well represented. L. L. K.

ROBERT LEYBORNE (11 S. x. 409).-There is a tablet to Dr. Leyborne's first wife in Stepney Church. According to the inscription she seems, like her successor, to have been a model of perfection. Her parentage is not referred to, but possibly the arms which are displayed on the tablet may enable G. F. R. B. to find this out. They are as follows: Sable, six lions rampant, three, two, and one, argent, impaling Gules, three lilies slipped and leaved, argent.

JOHN T. PAGE.

Long Itcinhgton, Warwichskire.

AUTHOR WANTED (11 S. x. 250).—
Ha'e faith in God, and He will see th' thro'.

The name of Przemysl (meaning originally, in Polish, perception, invention, industry) is pronounced nearly like Pshemeesle in English. The languages of Galicia are partly Polish (chiefly in Western Galicia, having at Cracow its centre); partly Ruthenian or Malo- (i.e., Little- or Southern-) Russian, with the capital of L'vov (i.e. Leopolis, or Lem-If from a source in Scottish dialect, this line berg) in Eastern Galicia. Ruthenian, or Malo-Russian, differs as widely from Velikoor Great Russian as from Polish (cf. my note, ante, p. 308). H. KREBS.

FLORAL EMBLEMS OF COUNTRIES (10 S. v. 509; vi. 52; 11 S. x. 349, 413).—If I remember rightly, I read in some newspaper a paragraph describing the new 11. notes, the second issue of a larger size and on superior paper, about 1 Nov., in which the daffodil was said to appear in these notes as the floral emblem of Wales. If it is there it must be among the watermarks, and is not easy to discover. One can find the rose and the shamrock.

PRINCESS CHARLOTTE AND PRINCE LEO

POLD: PORTRAITS (11 S. viii. 187). My query is more than a year old, but perhaps I may be allowed to answer it in part. The following are the titles, &c., taken from copies from which the margins have not

been cut:

Her Royal Highness
The

contains four words wrongly spelt, so that
the querist may not be familiar therewith,
and may be thinking of James Ballantyne's
"Ilka blade o' grass keps its ain drap o'
dew.' The words in that lovely song most
resembling the above are:-

Confide ye aye in Providence....
....ha'e faith, an' ye 'll win through

Cape of Good Hope.

J. K.

DUD DUDLEY (11 S. iv. 406, 494).—At the former of the above references MR. QUARRELL gives an account of the inauguration, on 7 Oct., 1911, of the renovated memorial to Dud Dudley in St. Helen's Church, Worcester. I followed this with a note stating that Mr. J. Willis Bund had prepared a valuable memoir of Dudley, a proof of which I have seen. It was to have been published in the Transactions of the Staffordshire Iron and Steel Institute but in reply to inquiries the secretary informed me on each occasion that the proof was still in Mr. Willis Bund's hands.

Princess Charlotte of Saxe Coburg &c. &c. I have had an opportunity of seeing the Painted by Geo. Dawe, Esq. R.A. October 1817. renovated monument, which is a beautiful & Engraved with Permission of Her Royal High-piece of work, but marred by certain eccen

ness by Hen Dawe.

London Published by Mr. Dawe Dec 1 1817, 22 Newman St.

66

66

tricities of spelling. The full effect of these is realized only when reading the inscription as a whole. In nearly every case the long "f" has been mistaken for "f"; so that we have fervus, femel," "longiffima," &c. Assuming that the present inscription is an exact reproduction of the original, the question arises as to the necessity of perpetuating the blunders of the seventeenth-century letter-cutter. For the work of "th' unlettered muse" I have every respect; but when it has suffered from the ravages of time, and a new edition is required, it is quite permissible to correct obvious errors. Quaint forms should, of

course, be preserved, but I am now dealing with an epitaph in a dead language the orthography of which has long been fixed. We must also remember that Dud Dudley was a scholar. What, therefore, would he have said to the phrase "Puluis et Vmbra fumus" which stands at the head of the tablet? This is a puzzle, until we remember that "f" has been substituted for "f"; the smoke then disappears, and the meaning becomes clear. Nash in his' Worcestershire' (vol. ii., Supplement, p. cxliv) prints the epitaph without these errors. There are other words in the inscription which appear open to doubt; but I will mention only "hodieve" (reproduced by Nash), which I suggest should be" hodieque." R. B. P.

66

EARLS OF DERWENTWATER : DESCENDANTS (11 S. x. 148, 218, 256, 271, 311, 373, 415). The pedigree of Cadman, as given in Foster's Yorkshire Pedigrees,' shows the following:

6

the lions given as golden upon a blue shield. As it is nearly thirty years since I saw this beautiful monument, I did not venture to state the tinctures of the charges and the field, at the second reference, from memory. A. R. BAYLEY.

Notes on Books.

The Piscatory Eclogues of Jacopo Sannazaro.
Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by
Wilfred P. Mustard. (Baltimore, Johns
Hopkins Press.)

THIS is an excellent example of the newer Ame-
rican scholarship, which busies itself about writers
more than half-forgotten, and brings to the task
a care and thoroughness deserving well to be
described by that word beloved of journalists,
"meticulous." There may be some question
whether the expenditure of time, energy, and
acumen is justified by the sort of sheaves the
harvester brings home; there can be no question
as to the high standard of the method of work, or
of the excellent practice it must afford.

Sannazaro, however, rewards the student better than many academic poets do. In the first place, there is something to reflect on in the matter of his choosing fishermen rather than shepherds as the personages of his eclogues. One cannot but feel sure that lambs and flowers look prettier as presents to a mistress than oysters; still, it is interesting to see what a clever man can make of oysters in this connexion, writing, too, not in some rough, hearty vernacular, but in the stately language which has been withdrawn from everyday speech to the sole service of the muses, and

"Charles Cadman of Westbourne House, Sheffield, born 12 Jan., 1780, died 19 March, 1852, married on 3 Nov., 1806, the Hon. Mary Goodwin, daughter of George, sixth Earl of Newburgh, grandson of the unfortunate Charles Radcliffe of Dilston Castle and Charlotte Maria Livingstone, Countess of Newburgh in her own right. She represented the only surviving branch of the united families of Radcliffe and Livingstone, every other springing from the union thereof having become extinct, and thus was heiress-at-the commemoration, by careful and closely law to the dignities and estates of the families aforesaid. She was the last of the Goodwins. Born 25 Dec., 1785; died 12 Dec., 1862." There are descendants of Charles Cadman and the Hon. Mary Goodwin living to-day.

CHARLES DRURY.

CLOCKS AND CLOCKMAKERS (11 S. x. 310, 354).-For Act of Parliament "clocks see Britten's Clocks' (1904), pp. 511-17, and Cescinsky and Webster's English Domestic Clocks (1913), pp. 340-44. It does not appear that these clocks were always made with black faces, for in the second work mentioned are illustrations of four with white dials and two with black, the numerals of the latter being in gilt. Would the black dial be chosen in order to throw up the gilt numeral ? ROLAND AUSTIN.

FRANCE AND ENGLAND QUARTERLY (11 S. x. 281, 336, 417).---The monumental slab in champlevé enamel of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou-produced from L'Art Gothique,' by Louis Gonze-is shown, uncoloured, in Mr. G. W. Eve's Decorative Heraldry' (1897), p. 97. It is assigned to the twelfth century; and elsewhere I find

criticized imitators, of classical writing. Sannazaro manages very well. He has, perhaps, no special merit in the invention of change or music in his ality of thought. His fondness for names waxes lines; and his subjects rather block out origin

sometimes inordinate, and he has not that intuition into the presence or absence of magical value in a name which has lent a peculiar charm to the work of more than one great poet. On the other hand, he possesses a considerable felicity in the use of words, and in the coining of pretty, elegance of rather delicate, pleasing, and fluent even original phrases; he is elegant with an Latinity; and he can fit words to pictures in a manner by no means widely removed from the special manner of his two chief masters-Theocritus and Virgil. In fact, if one did not know that the whole thing was artificial-a poetical exercise, though this at its very best-one might be inclined to treasure these poems among the works of the worthier minor poets as of intrinsic, permanent interest.

Sannazaro lived from 1458 to 1530, a Nea

politan who had some experience of Courts and out his life a scholar and leader of scholars, beof war, some also of exile, but was chiefly throughloved and admired. Prof. Mustard, in his careful Introduction, has collected the testimony to his merits and demerits furnished by many writers in many countries, and through several genera. tions. He provoked numerous imitators-FrenchEnglish, Italian, Portuguese, and writers of Latin, English eighteenth-century critics (Dr. Johnson

the most emphatic among them) were inclined to scold him for the piscatory innovation, taking over-seriously what was in reality a change of mise en scène and decoration rather than of nature or general purport. Modern criticism would probably assail him from another quarter, and complain that he had failed to throw himself with sufficient energy and directness into a line of imagination which had other merits than that of constituting a change from shepherding.

We are glad to have this little book, and to recommend it to the attention of those for whom it is designed. The present war presses, perhaps, on none more heavily than on the man of letters, who can follow all too vividly in thought the events which are happening at the front, and grievously enough to himself-is unable to take a hand. The more remote a book is from the preoccupations of the moment and from modern conditions, the more effective may be the hour or so of relief and distraction it can provide, and all the happier if it incite to pleasant criticism and join itself to beloved and inveterate associations. There must, we think, be many English scholars who will be glad to make, or to renew, their acquaintance with Sannazaro in the attractive form in which Prof. Mustard here offers them his best-known work.

The Fellowship of the Mystery: being the Bishop Paddock Lectures delivered at the General Theological Seminary, New York, during Lent, 1913. By John Neville Figgis. (Longmans & Co., 58. net.)

one of the best if not the best-of the shorter appreciations of Newman that have ever appeared.

66

A Picture Book of British History. Vol. I.
(Cambridge University Press, 38. 6d. net.)
THE BOARD OF EDUCATION has recently drawn
attention to the importance of pictorial illustra-
tion in the teaching of history, and has sug-
gested that portraits of eminent persons,
reproductions of old prints, documents, and other
famous records....will often form the best
means of representing social life and customs,
pageants and battles, the apparatus of husbandry,
trade, and war." The Cambridge Press in
response is issuing this Picture Book.

The aim of this volume and those which are to succeed it is in part the ideal set forth in the preface to the illustrated edition of Green's Short History of the English People,' viz., that of interpreting and illustrating history by pictures which should tell us how men and things appeared to the lookers-on of their own day, and how contemporary observers aimed at representing them.' With this end in view, archaeological relics, coins, seals, brasses, and manuscripts have been freely used. The grouping is chronological, excepting in the section on Architecture, where the wealth of material is so great that it seemed best to devote a page to each of the periods, a summary of the ecclesiastical styles, and some examples of domestic architecture, being added towards the end of the book.

This first volume takes us down to 1485, the last illustration being the portrait of Richard III. On the same page is a specimen of Caxton's printing, showing a portion of The Canterbury Tales,' to which a page of illustrations is devoted. Among the illustrations we may mention the warship of Roman times from the sculpture in the Vatican, and the remains of a Roman boat discovered during excavations in London in 1911. Each of the 184 illustrations has a very short. note, the aim being to give the minimum which will render the illustrations intelligible, and encourage the student to turn with increased interest to his textbook, and it is hoped that the book may find its way to the shelves of those to whom the study of the teaching of history is a recreation rather than a task." Mr. S. C. Roberts has evidently bestowed much care and pains in selecting the illustrations, and his brief notes are always to the point. The volume is a handsome folio, and the low price should command a large sale.

THIS book has all the characteristics with which those who are wont to attend to and admire the work of Dr. Figgis are already familiar. His main view of Christianity as the central response, given from without, to an indefeasible human need was first expressed in such a way as to attract a large circle of readers in the Hulsean Lectures for 1908-9- The Gospel and Human Needs.' In the lectures now before us this view, with its numerous and far-reaching implications, is brought to bear upon the existence, constitution, and functions of the Catholic Church. Dr. Figgis keeps himself strenuously within the full current of modern thought, and all the philosophical speculations, the fresh literary and scholastic and artistic activities with which the air was rife last year, are reflected in these pages. In an Appendix on Modernism versus Modernity' the writer offers a contribution to one division of the Kikuyu controversy. In the Preface, dated 3 Oct., he effectively applies to the attitude of Germany as a whole in the present war those explanations, based on a theory of group-hypnotism, which German savants have put forward to account for the growth of Christianity. We notice in this book, as we have in more than one MR. CHARLES E. KEYSER continues his notes on. of Dr. Figgis's works, a certain failure here and the churches of Stanford-in-the-Vale, twelve fullthere to get the last clinch; but the suggestive-page illustrations of Shellingford Church being ness, the breadth of sympathy, and (if we may so call it) the accuracy of intent are as striking and attractive as ever. If we do not enter upon his subject-matter and his dealing with it, it is because neither devotional writings as such nor religious controversy come within the scope of N. & Q.' We may, however, mention as of high interest, from more than one point of view, the first Appendix (reprinted from The English Church Review) on Newman. It is, to our thinking,

The Berks, Bucks, and Oxon Archæological Journal :
October. (Reading, Slaughter & Son; London,
Elliot Stock, 1s. 6d.)

supplied; and Miss Mary Sharp continues her history of the parish of Beenhain. The church at Beenham was restored in 1853. After the funds for the work had been raised the churchwarden refused to allow his large square, deal - boarded pew to be interfered with, and it was with difficulty that his consent to its removal was ob-tained. A similar difficulty had occurred in a neighbouring village, when the chief man in the parish had his pew in a gallery which was to be