course, be preserved, but I am now dealing with an epitaph in a dead language the orthography of which has long been fixed. We must also remember that Dud Dudley was a scholar. What, therefore, would he have said to the phrase "Puluis et Vmbra fumus" which stands at the head of the tablet? This is a puzzle, until we remember that "f" has been substituted for "f"; the "smoke" then disappears, and the meaning becomes clear. Nash in his 'Worcestershire' (vol. ii., Supplement, p. cxliv) prints the epitaph without these errors. There are other words in the inscription which appear open to doubt; but I will mention only hodieve" (reproduced by Nash), which I suggest should be " hodieque. R. B. P. 66 "Charles Cadman of Westbourne House, Sheffield, born 12 Jan., 1780, died 19 March, 1852, married on 3 Nov., 1806, the Hon. Mary Goodwin, daughter of George, sixth Earl of Newburgh, grandson of the unfortunate Charles Radcliffe of Dilston Castle and Charlotte Maria Livingstone, Countess of Newburgh in her own right. She represented the only surviving branch of the united families of Radcliffe and Livingstone, every other springing from the union thereof having become extinct, and thus was heiress-atlaw to the dignities and estates of the families aforesaid. She was the last of the Goodwins. Born 25 Dec., 1785; died 12 Dec., 1862." There are descendants of Charles Cadman and the Hon. Mary Goodwin living to-day. 66 CHARLES DRURY. CLOCKS AND CLOCKMAKERS (11 S. x. 310, 354). For Act of Parliament clocks see Britten's Clocks' (1904), pp. 511-17, and Cescinsky and Webster's English Domestic Clocks' (1913), pp. 340-44. It does not appear that these clocks were always made with black faces, for in the second work mentioned are illustrations of four with white dials and two with black, the numerals of the latter being in gilt. Would the black dial be chosen in order to throw up the gilt ROLAND AUSTIN. numeral ? FRANCE AND ENGLAND QUARTERLY (11 S. x. 281, 336, 417).--The monumental slab in champlevé enamel of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou-produced from L'Art Gothique,' by Louis Gonze-is shown, uncoloured, in Mr. G. W. Eve's Decorative Heraldry' (1897), p. 97. It is assigned to the twelfth century; and elsewhere I find the lions given as golden upon a blue shield. As it is nearly thirty years since I saw this beautiful monument, I did not venture to state the tinctures of the charges and the field, at the second reference, from memory. A. R. BAYLEY. Notes on Books. The Piscatory Eclogues of Jacopo Sannazaro. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Wilfred P. Mustard. (Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press.) THIS is an excellent example of the newer American scholarship, which busies itself about writers more than half-forgotten, and brings to the task a care and thoroughness deserving well to be described by that word beloved of journalists, "meticulous." There may be some question whether the expenditure of time, energy, and acumen is justified by the sort of sheaves the harvester brings home; there can be no question as to the high standard of the method of work, or of the excellent practice it must afford. Sannazaro, however, rewards the student better than many academic poets do. In the first place, there is something to reflect on in the matter of his choosing fishermen rather than shepherds as the personages of his eclogues. One cannot but feel sure that lambs and flowers look prettier as presents to a mistress than oysters; still, it is interesting to see what a clever man can make of oysters in this connexion, writing, too, not in some rough, hearty vernacular, but in the stately language which has been withdrawn from everyday speech to the sole service of the muses, and the commemoration, by careful and closely criticized imitators, of classical writing. Sannazaro manages very well. He has, perhaps, no special merit in the invention of change or music in his ality of thought. His fondness for names waxes lines; and his subjects rather block out origin sometimes inordinate, and he has not that intuition into the presence or absence of magical value in a name which has lent a peculiar charm to the work of more than one great poet. On the other hand, he possesses a considerable felicity in the use of words, and in the coining of pretty, even original phrases; he is elegant with an elegance of rather delicate, pleasing, and fluent Latinity; and he can fit words to pictures in a manner by no means widely removed from the special manner of his two chief masters-Theocritus and Virgil. In fact, if one did not know that the whole thing was artificial-a poetical exercise, though this at its very best-one might be inclined to treasure these poems among the works of the worthier minor poets as of intrinsic, permanent interest. Sannazaro lived from 1458 to 1530, a Nea politan who had some experience of Courts and of war, some also of exile, but was chiefly throughout his life a scholar and leader of scholars, beloved and admired. Prof. Mustard, in his careful Introduction, has collected the testimony to his merits and demerits furnished by many writers in many countries, and through several genera. tions. He provoked numerous imitators-FrenchEnglish, Italian, Portuguese, and writers of Latin, English eighteenth-century critics (Dr. Johnson the most emphatic among them) were inclined to scold him for the piscatory innovation, taking over-seriously what was in reality a change of mise en scène and decoration rather than of nature or general purport. Modern criticism would probably assail him from another quarter, and complain that he had failed to throw himself with sufficient energy and directness into a line of imagination which had other merits than that of constituting a change from shepherding. We are glad to have this little book, and to recommend it to the attention of those for whom it is designed. The present war presses, perhaps, on none more heavily than on the man of letters, who can follow all too vividly in thought the events which are happening at the front, and grievously enough to himself-is unable to take a hand. The more remote a book is from the preoccupations of the moment and from modern conditions, the more effective may be the hour or so of relief and distraction it can provide, and all the happier if it incite to pleasant criticism and join itself to beloved and inveterate associations. There must, we think, be many English scholars who will be glad to make, or to renew, their acquaintance with Sannazaro in the attractive form in which Prof. Mustard here offers them his best-known work. The Fellowship of the Mystery: being the Bishop Paddock Lectures delivered at the General Theological Seminary, New York, during Lent, 1913. By John Neville Figgis. (Longmans & Co., 58. net.) 6 In an one of the best-if not the best-of the shorter appreciations of Newman that have ever appeared. 66 A Picture Book of British History. Vol. I. "by The aim of this volume and those which are to succeed it is in part the ideal set forth in the preface to the illustrated edition of Green's Short History of the English People,' viz., that of interpreting and illustrating history pictures which should tell us how men and things appeared to the lookers-on of their own day, and how contemporary observers aimed at representing them." With this end in view, archæological relics, coins, seals, brasses, and manuscripts have been freely used. The grouping is chronological, excepting in the section on Architecture, where the wealth of material is so great that it seemed best to devote a page to each of the periods, a summary of the ecclesiastical styles, and some examples of domestic architecture, being added towards the end of the book. This first volume takes us down to 1485, the last illustration being the portrait of Richard III. On the same page is a specimen of Caxton's printing, showing a portion of The Canterbury Tales,' to which a page of illustrations is devoted. Among the illustrations we may mention the warship of Roman times from the sculpture in the Vatican, and the remains of a Roman boat discovered during excavations in London in 1911. Each of the 184 illustrations has a very short note, the aim being to give the minimum which will render the illustrations intelligible, and encourage the student to turn with increased interest to his textbook, and it is hoped that the book may find its way to the shelves of those to whom the study of the teaching of history is a recreation rather than a task.' Mr. S. C. Roberts has evidently bestowed much care and pains in selecting the illustrations, and his brief notes are always to the point. The volume is a handsome folio, and the low price should command a large sale. THIS book has all the characteristics with which those who are wont to attend to and admire the work of Dr. Figgis are already familiar. His main view of Christianity as the central response, given from without, to an indefeasible human need was first expressed in such a way as to attract a large circle of readers in the Hulsean Lectures for 1908-9- The Gospel and Human Needs.' In the lectures now before us this view, with its numerous and far-reaching implications, is brought to bear upon the existence, constitution, and functions of the Catholic Church. Dr. Figgis keeps himself strenuously within the full current of modern thought, and all the philosophical speculations, the fresh literary and scholastic and artistic activities with which the air was rife last year, are reflected in these pages. Appendix on Modernism versus Modernity' the writer offers a contribution to one division of the Kikuyu controversy. In the Preface, dated 3 Oct., he effectively applies to the attitude of Germany as a whole in the present war those explanations, based on a theory of group-hypnotism, which German savants have put forward to account for the growth of Christianity. We notice in this book, as we have in more than one MR. CHARLES E. KEYSER continues his notes on. of Dr. Figgis's works, a certain failure here and the churches of Stanford-in-the-Vale, twelve fullthere to get the last clinch; but the suggestive-page illustrations of Shellingford Church being ness, the breadth of sympathy, and (if we may so call it) the accuracy of intent are as striking and attractive as ever. If we do not enter upon his subject-matter and his dealing with it, it is because neither devotional writings as such nor religious controversy come within the scope of 'N. & Q.' We may, however, mention as of high interest, from more than one point of view, the first Appendix (reprinted from The English Church Review) on Newman. It is, to our thinking, The Berks, Bucks, and Oxon Archæological Journal: supplied; and Miss Mary Sharp continues her history of the parish of Beenhain. The church at Beenham was restored in 1853. After the funds for the work had been raised the churchwarden refused to allow his large square, deal - boarded pew to be interfered with, and it was with difficulty that his consent to its removal was ob tained. A similar difficulty had occurred in a neighbouring village, when the chief man in the parish had his pew in a gallery which was to be pulled down. Failing to get his consent to its demolition the architect took away the rest of the gallery, leaving the pew like a cage on four legs, with a ladder staircase, up which the chief man's daughter climbed every Sunday morning when she came to service. Mr. L. J. Acton Pile continues the list of Feet of Fines for Berkshire, and Mr. Tudor Sherwood his transcriptions of early Berkshire wills. The Fortnightly Review for December is a good -one. Dr. Chatterton Hill's paper on 'Paul Claudel' deserves the attention of all those among us who are interested in the French literature of to-day. Claudel has as yet been but little discussed in England, though his name crops up from time to time; but his genius, if it appeals not very widely even among his own countrymen, appeals surely and profoundly, and Dr. ChattertonHill has, in our opinion, by no means made too much of it. Mr. Holford Knight writes on Lord Alverstone's 'Recollections '-a paper which brings out well the main good things in the book. Except for Mr. James Davenport Whelpley's article on The American Elections,' the rest of the number is devoted to aspects of the war. Mr. Wilfrid Ward's The War Spirit and Christianity' is sure to be welcomed by a large number of readers, for it gives form and words to reflections which must be, inchoate perhaps, in many minds, and reinforces wisdom, verbally at least very familiar, by several suggestive remarks. The place of honour is given to Mr. Sidney Whitman's 'Blight of Prussian Aristocracy." the writer and the informants he quotes are able Both to speak from first-hand observation. That part of the article which deals directly with the Kaiser emphasizes the unfortunate effect upon him of his education, and in particular of his time as a student at Bonn. King Edward, embittered during the last days of his life by the Kaiser's unmannerliness, is said to have remarked of him that there would be trouble with him, for he was not a gentleman. Mr. J. B. C. Kershaw writes on The Effect of Warfare upon Commerce and Industry,' Mr. J. B. Firth on War and Finance,' and Mr. Archibald Hurd on The Submarine in War'-three excellent papers worth careful study. The Eastern Question is dealt with by Mr. Arthur E. P. B. Weigall and Mr. J. Ellis Barker in papers on Germany, Turkey, and Egypt, and by Nautilus in a paper on the German naval plot in the Mediterranean. THE December Cornhill Magazine is a somewhat unequal number. To begin with what we liked least-Admiral Sir F. H. Seymour's Naval Warfare of To-day' consists of a string of chatty, pleasant paragraphs very unequal to the subject he is supposed to be dealing with. Escapes,' by Mr. A. C. Benson, is one of those meanderings in meditation in which he so unremittingly allows himself, and though it has two or three wise words in it, we thought it, as a whole, jejune. Then there is a story called The Woman' which seemed to us hardly worth while. On the other hand, Katharine Tynan has charmingly written and quite unusual story called 'Martha,' about a hen; there is one of Mr. Hesketh Prichard's delightful essays (mingling the sportsman and the naturalist) entitled With Widgeon and Mallard'; and a weird sketch, 'Concerning Snakes,' by Mr. Shelland Bradley. Dr. Squire a Sprigge, in On Unbending over a Novel,' gives some very good advice as to recreation-the kind of book which truly constitutes this, and the way to read it. Dotheboys Hall' describes the life of boys at Mr. Frank Mulgrew in A Real Eden Hall in Yorkshire, where one Aislabie kept the school in question, the details about which are drawn from the Life of Sir Joshua Walmsley.' The resemblances between Aislabie's ways and striking, and it is curious that this school also those of the renowned Squeers are certainly included a Smike. two very interesting articles of non-technical The war is represented by merit: Mr. Robert C. Witt's account of a visit Aisne,' and Lady Charnwood's story of preparato The Battlefield between the Marne and the tions for receiving Belgian refugees in Our City and the War.' WE found the new Nineteenth Century one of the best numbers we have recently seen. It deals effectively, and also readably, with many aspects of the war; but it affords also abundant relief in the way of articles dealing with other subjects. One hardly knows whether to reckon among these point of view, events at Paris and Soissons in a set of lively letters describing, from a woman's 1814, communicated by Lady Kinloch-Cooke. They derive no small part of their undeniable interest from the resemblances and differences between the present situation and what they depict. 'The Case of Dr. Axham,' set out with some justifiable heat by Mr. J. L. Walton, will, draw attention to an instance of grievous hardship we hope, find careful readers. Not only does it and injustice, but it opens up a question which needs more candid treatment than it has yet received as to the position and claims upon its members of the medical profession. Dunn has a thoughtful paper entitled Some Mr. S. G. Considerations on the Self,' expressing his views the pale of our Western schemes of religion. on the enterprise of trying to draw India within Those who do not agree with him will still find him suggestive. Mr. H. M. Wallis in A Naturalist in North Africa' has a fascinating subject in which he shows how well he is at home. The moral and ideal aspects of the war are those which this review chiefly discusses, no fewer than seven of the papers being on these lines, including essays from the pens of Sir Thomas Barclay, Sir Bampfylde Fuller, Sir Harry Johnston, the Bishop of Carlisle, Bishop Frodsham, and Mr. W. H. Mallock. They are, as one would expect, different utterances of what is practically the same spirit and will-common to the majority of British men and women. eager appreciation of Lord Roberts, and an article We may also mention Col. Keene's by Mr. William Blane on Tsingtau. Notices to Correspondents. M. S.-A Child's Caul' has been discussed a good deal in N. & Q. Many of the correspondents bring forward instances of a belief current among nurses that the caul preserves from drowning. (See 9 S. iii. 26, 77, 175, 295, 408, 491.) Brand's Popular Antiquities' (Bohn's edition, vol. iii. pp. 114-19) might be consulted. CORRIGENDUM.-Jane Austen lived at 4, Sydney Terrace-not 24, as stated ante, p. 430, col. 1. "OUT OF PRINT." When your bookseller gives you that reply, or you want a SCARCE BOOK, tell him to advertise in THE CLIQUE (the ONLY organ of the Antiquarian Book-Trade) and he is SURE TO GET IT. Advertisements inserted for booksellers only. The readers of THE CLIQUE hold between them SEVENTY MILLION VOLUMES, so you see how certain you are to get the ONE VOLUME you want. THE CLIQUE is issued to booksellers only, 88. 8d. per annum, expiring December 31. Subscribers joining now should remit at the rate of 2d. per week till December 31. MEMORIALS IN 'CULN" BRASS AND BRONZE, GAWTHORP & SONS, 16, LONG ACRE, LONDON, W.C. (Partners: T. G. & W. E. 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