The x. here, be ansf etire fr and neg as a for the rate e kiz e cour ed far were 181 84. 3 N° 85. THURSDAY, JUNE 7, 1711. Interdum speciosa locis, morataque recte 103 HOR. Ars. Poet. v. 319. Sometimes in rough and undigested plays so." To whom the stranger: "Oh excellent Pharamond, name not a friend to the unfortunate Spinamont: I had one, but he is dead by my own hsfhand; but, oh Pharamond, though it was by the hand of Spinamont, it was by the guilt of Pharamond. I come not, O excellent prince, to implore your pardon; I come to relate my sorrow, a sorrow too great for human life to support: from henceforth shall all occurrences appear dreams, or short intervals of amusement, from this one afflic. tion which has seized my very being. Pardon me, oh Pharamond, if my griefs give me leave, that I lay before you, in the anguish of a wounded mind, that you, good as you are, are guilty of the gene- Ir is the custom of the Mahometans, if they see rous blood spilt this day by this unhappy hand. Oh any printed or written paper upon the ground, to that it had perished before that instant !" Here take it up and lay it aside carefully, as not knowthe stranger paused, and recollecting his mind, ing but it may contain some piece of their Alcoran. after some little meditation, he went on in a I must confess I have so much of the Mussulman calmer tone and gesture, as follows: "There is an authority due to distress, and as printed paper which comes in my way, under whatin me, that I cannot forbear looking into every none of human race is above the reach of sorrow, soever despicable circumstances it may appear; none should be above the hearing the voice of it; for as no mortal author, in the ordinary fate and I am sure Pharamond is not. Know then, that I vicissitude of things, knows to what use his works have this morning unfortunately killed in a duel, may some time or other be applied, a man may the man whom of all men living I most loved. command myself too much in your royal presence, of tobacco. I have lighted my pipe more than I often meet with very celebrated names in a paper to say, Pharamond give me my friend! Pharamond once with the writings of a prelate; and know a has taken him from me! I will not say, shall the friend of mine, who, for these several years, has merciful Pharamond destroy his own subjects? converted the essays of a man of quality into a Will the father of his country murder his people? kind of fringe for his candlesticks. I remember But the merciful Pharamond does destroy his sub-in particular, after having read over a poem of an jects, the father of his country does murder his eminent author on a victory, I met with several people. Fortune is so much the pursuit of man- fragments of it upon the next rejoicing day, which kind, that all glory and honour is in the power of had been employed in squibs and crackers, and by prince, because he has the distribution of their that means celebrated its subject in a double cafortunes. It is therefore the inadvertency, negli-pacity. I once met with a page of Mr. Baxter gence, or guilt of princes, to let any thing grow under a Christmas-pie. Whether or no the pastryinto custom which is against their laws. A court cook had made use of it through chance or wagcan make fashion and duty walk together; it can gery, for the defence of that superstitious viande, never, without the guilt of a court, happen, that it I know not; but upon the perusal of it, I conshall not be unfashionable to do what is unlawful. ceived so good an idea of the author's piety, that But alas! in the dominions of Pharamond, by the I bought the whole book. I have often profited force of a tyrant custom, which is misnamed a point by these accidental readings, and have sometimes of honour, the duellist kills his friend whom he found very curious pieces that are either out of loves; and the judge condemns the duellist, while print, or not to be met with in the shops of our reapproves his behaviour. Shame is the greatest London booksellers. For this reason, when my all evils; what avail laws, when death only at- friends take a survey of my library, they are very ends the breach of them, and shame obedience to much surprised to find upon the shelf of folios two em? As for me, oh Pharamond, were it possible long bandboxes standing upright among my books; to describe the nameless kinds of compunctions till I let them see that they are both of them lined tendernesses I feel, when I reflect upon the with deep erudition and abstruse literature. the accidents in our former familiarity, my mind might likewise mention a paper-kite, from which ells into sorrow which cannot be resisted enough I have received great improvement; and a hatto be silent in the presence of Pharamond, (With case which I would not exchange for all the beathat he fell into a flood of tears, and wept aloud.) vers in Great Britain. This my inquisitive temper, Why should not Pharamond hear the anguish he or rather impertinent humour of prying into all enly can relieve others from in time to come? Let sorts of writing, with my natural aversion to loquam hear from me, what they feel who have given city, give me a good deal of employment when I death by the false mercy of his administration, and enter any house in the country; for I cannot for form to himself the vengeance called for by those my heart leave a room, before I have thoroughly i have perished by his negligence." studied the walls of it, and examined the several printed papers which are usually pasted upon occasion gave me most exquisite pleasure. My them. The last piece that I met with upon this reader will think I am not serious, when 1 acquaint him that the piece I am going to speak of, was the old ballad of The two Children in the Wood," which is one of the darling songs of the common people, and has been the delight of most Englishmen in some part of their age. L STLELE. Rt. The person here alluded to was a Mr. Thornhill, who killed I • Percy's Reliques of Ancient Poetry, vol. iii. This simple tale has been pleasingly dramatized lately by Thomas Morton, Esq. author of "The Cure for the Heart Ache;" "Speed the Plough," &c. &c. N° 86. FRIDAY, JUNE 8, 1711. Heu quam difficile est crimen non prodere vultu! OVID, Met. ii. 447. How in the looks does conscious guilt appear! ADDISON. This song is a plain simple copy of nature, destitute of the helps and ornaments of art. The tale of it is a pretty tragical story, and pleases for no other reason but because it is a copy of nature. There is even a despicable simplicity in the verse; and yet, because the sentiments appear genuine and unaffected, they are able to move the mind of the most polite reader with inward meltings of humanity and compassion. The incidents grow THERE are several arts which all men are in some out of the subject, and are such as are the most measure masters of, without having been at the proper to excite pity; for which reason the whole pains of learning them. Every one that speaks or narration has something in it very moving, notwith-reasons is a grammarian and a logician, though he standing the author of it (whoever he was) has de- may be wholly unacquainted with the rules of livered it in such an abject phrase and poorness of grammar or logic, as they are delivered in books expression, that the quoting any part of it would and systems. In the same manner, every one is in look like a design of turning it into ridicule. But some degree a master of that art which is generally though the language is mean, the thoughts, as I distinguished by the name of physiognomy; and have before said, from one end to the other, are naturally forms to himself the character or fortune natural, and therofore cannot fail to please those of a stranger, from the features and lineaments of who are not judges of language, or those who, nothis face. We are no sooner presented to any one withstanding they are judges of language, have a we never saw before, but we are immediately true and unprejudiced taste of nature. The construck with the idea of a proud, a reserved, an dition, speech, and behaviour of the dying parents, affable or a good-natured man; and upon our first with the age, innocence, and distress of the chil-going into a company of strangers, our benevo dren, are set forth in such tender circumstances, lence or aversion, awe or contempt, rises naturally that it is impossible for a reader of common huma: towards several particular persons, before we have nity not to be affected with them. As for the cir-heard them speak a single word, or so much as cumstance of the robin-red-breast, it is indeed a know who they are. little poetical ornament; and to show the genius Every passion gives a particular cast to the coun of the author amidst all his simplicity, it is just tenance, and is apt to discover itself in some feathe same kind of fiction which one of the greatest ture or other. I have seen an eye curse for half of the Latin poets has made use of upon a parallel an hour together, and an eye-brow call a man a Occasion; I mean that passage in Horace, where he describes himself when he was a child, fallen asleep in a desert word, and covered with leaves by the turtles that took pity on him. In lofty vulture's rising grounds, CREECH. Scoundrel. Nothing is more common than for lovers to complain, resent, languish, despair, and die in dumb show. For my own part, I am so apt to frame a notion of every man's humour of circumstances by his looks, that I have sometimes employed myself from Charing Cross to the RoyalExchange in drawing the characters of those who have passed by me. When I see a man with a sour rivelled face, I cannot forbear pitying his wife; and when I meet with an open ingenuous countenance, think on the happiness of his friends, his family, and relations. I cannot recollect the author of a famous say. ing to a stranger who stood silent in his company. Speak that I may see thee." But, with submis I have heard that the late Lord Dorset, who had sion, I think we may be better known by our the greatest wit tempered with the greatest canlooks than by our words, and that a man's speech dour, and was one of the finest critics as well as is much more easily disguised than his countenance. the best poets of his age, had a numerous collection In this case, however, I think the air of the whole of old English ballads, and took a particular plea-face is much more expressive than the lines of it. sure in the reading of them. I can affirm the same else but the inward disposition of the mind made The truth of it is, the air is generally nothing of Mr. Dryden, and know several of the most refined writers of our present age who are of the visible. same humour. 'Crine ruber, niger ore, brevis pede, lumine læsus: Epig. lib. 1. 12. Those who have established physiognomy into I might likewise refer my reader to Moliere's an art, and laid down rules of judging men's tem thoughts on this subject, as he has expressed them pers by their faces, have regarded the features in the character of the Misanthrope; but those only much more than the air. Martial has a pretty epi who are endowed with a true greatness of soul and gram on this subject. genius, can divest themselves of the little images of ridicule, and admire nature in her simplicity and nakedness. As for the little conceited wits of the age, who can only show their judgment by finding Thy beard and head are of a different dye; fault, they cannot be supposed to admire these productions which have nothing to recommend them but the beauties of nature, when they do not know how to relish even those compositions that, with all the beauties of nature, have also the addi-ject, who founds his speculations on the suppo tional advantages of art. Short of one foot, distorted in an eye: I have seen a very ingenious author on this sub sition, that as a man hath in the mould of his face. • Socrates. Loquere ut te videam? + John Baptista Porta, a Neopolitan, who died in the year 1515, leaving, among other works, one "De Physiognomia," which was printed at Leyden, 1645. See also Lavater on the san subject. = SON te inst een at sench ADDISON. N° 87. SATURDAY, JUNE 9, 1711. Nimium ne crede colori. VIRG. Eel. ii. 17. L. a remote likeness to that of an ox, a sheep, a lion, precious stones, which are frequently enough to be a hog, or any other creature; he hath the same met with in the cabinets of the curious. But howresemblance in the frame of his mind, and is sub-ever observations of this nature may sometimes ject to those passions which are predominant in the hold, a wise man should be particularly cautious Met creature that appears in his countenance. Accord-how he gives credit to a man's outward appearingly he gives the prints of several faces that are ance. It is an irreparable injustice we are guilty of a different mould, and by a little overcharging of towards one another, when we are prejudiced the likeness, discovers the figures of these several by the looks and features of those whom we do not kinds of brutal faces in human features. I remem- know. How often do we conceive hatred against ber, in the life of the famous Prince of Condé, a person of worth, or fancy a man to be proud or pathe writer observes, the face of that prince was ill-natured by his aspect, whom we think we cannot like the face of an eagle, and that the prince was esteem too much when we are acquainted with his very well pleased to be told so. In this case there-real character? Dr. Moore, in his admirable System fore we may be sure that he had in his mind some of Ethics, reckons this particular inclination to general implicit notion of this art of physiognomy take a prejudice against a man for his looks, among which I have just now mentioned; and that when the smaller vices in morality, and, if I remember, his courtiers told him his face was made like an gives it the name of a prosopolepsia.* eagle's, he understood them in the same manner as if they had told him, there was something in his looks which showed him to be strong, active,| piercing, and of a royal descent. Whether or no the different motions of the animal spirits, in different passions, may have any effect on the mould of the face when the lineaments are pliable and tender, or whether the same kind of souls require the same kind of habitations, I shall leave to the consideration of the curious. In the mean time I Ir has been the purpose of several of my speculathink nothing can be more glorious than for a man tions to bring people to an unconcerned behaviour, to give the lie to his face, and to be an honest, with relation to their persons, whether beautiful or just, good-natured man, in spite of all those marks defective. As the secrets of the Ugly Club† were and signatures which nature seems to have set exposed to the public, that men might see there upon him for the contrary. This very often hap-were some noble spirits in the age, who are not at pens among those, who, instead of being exaspe- all displeased with themselves upon considerations rated by their own looks, or envying the looks of which they had no choice in; so the discourse conothers, apply themselves entirely to the cultivating cerning Idols tended to lessen the value people of their minds, and getting those beauties which put upon themselves from personal advantages and are more lasting, and more ornamental. I have gifts of nature. As to the latter species of manseen many an amiable piece of deformity; and kind, the beauties, whether male or female, they have observed a certain cheerfulness in as bad a are generally the most untractable people of all system of features as ever was clapped together, others. You are so excessively perplexed with the which have appeared more lovely than all the particularities in their behaviour, that to be at ease, blooming charms of an insolent beauty. There is a double praise due to virtue when it is lodged in tures. They expect so great allowances, and give one would be apt to wish there were no such creaa body that seems to have been prepared for the so little to others, that they who have to do with reception of vice; in many such cases the soul and them find, in the main, a man with a better person the body do not seem to be fellows. than ordinary, and a beautiful woman, might be Socrates was an extraordinary instance of this very happily changed for such to whom nature has nature. There chanced to be a great physiogno- been less liberal. The handsome fellow is usually mast in his time at Athens, who had made strange so much a gentleman, and the fine woman has discoveries of men's tempers and inclinations by something so becoming, that there is no enduring their outward appearances. Socrates' disciples, either of them. It has therefore been generally that they might put this artist to the trial, carried my choice to mix with cheerful ugly creatures, rahim to their master, whom he had never seen ther than gentlemen who are graceful enough to before, and did not know he was then in com- omit or do what they please; or beauties who have pany with him. After a short examination of his charms enough to do and say what would be disface, the physiognomist pronounced him the most obliging in any but themselves. lewd, libidinous, drunken old fellow that he had N Diffidence and presumption, upon account of our ever met with in his whole life. Upon which the persons, are equally faults; and both arise from disciples all burst out a laughing, as thinking they the want of knowing, or rather endeavouring to had detected the falsehood and vanity of his art. know ourselves, and for what we ought to be valued But Socrates told them, that the principles of his or neglected. But indeed I did not imagine these art might be very true, notwithstanding his pre- little considerations and coquetries could have the sent mistake; for that he himself was naturally in-ill consequence as I find they have by the followclined to those particular vices which the physiog ing letters of my correspondents, where it seems homist had discovered in his countenance; but that beauty is thrown into the account, in matters of he had conquered the strong dispositions he was sale, to those who receive no favour from the born with, by the dictates of philosophy.* We are indeed told by an ancient author,t that Socrates very much resembled Silenus in his face; which we find to have been very rightly observed from the statues and busts of both, that are still extant; as well as on several antique seals and charmers. need be particular in nothing but the make of my drams for those who are more enamoured than orface, which has the misfortune to be exactly oval. dinary; and it is very common for such as are too This I take to proceed from a temper that natu- low in constitution to ogle the Idol upon the strength rally inclines me both to speak and hear. of tea, to fluster themselves with warmer liquors: ། With this account you may wonder how I can thus all pretenders advance, as fast as they can, to have the vanity to offer myself as a candidate, a fever, or a diabetes. I must repeat to you, that which I now do, to a society, where the Spectator I do not look with an evil eye upon the profit of and Hecatissa have been admitted with so much the Idols, or the diversions of the lovers; what I applause. I don't want to be put in mind how very hope from this remonstrance, is only that we plaindefective I am in every thing that is ugly; I am people may not be served as if we were idolaters; too sensible of my own unworthiness in this parti- but that from the time of publishing this in your cular, and therefore I only propose myself as a foil paper, the Idols would mix ratsbane only for their to the club. admirers, and take more care of us who don't love 'You see how honest I have been to confess all them. my imperfections, which is a great deal to come from a woman, and what I hope you will encourage with the favour of your interest. 'There can be no objection made on the side of the matchless Hecatissa, since it is certain I shall be in no danger of giving her the least occasion of jealousy; and then a joint-stool in the very lowest place at the table, is all the honour that is coveted by 'Your most humble ' and obedient servant, 'MR. SPECTATOR, London, June 7, 1711. *I am, SIR, yours, "T. T.'* tics who last Sunday settled the characters of my Lord STEELE. N° 88. MONDAY, JUNE 11, 1711. R. VIRG. Eel. iii. 16. Quid domini facient, audent cum talia fures? MR. SPECTATOR, May 30, 1711. 'Urox reading your late dissertation concerning Idols, I cannot but complain to you that there are, I HAVE no small value for your endeavours to lay in six or seven places of this city, coffee-houses kept before the world what may escape their observaby persons of that sisterhood. These Idols sit and tion, and yet highly conduces to their service. You receive all day long the adoration of the youth have, I think, succeeded very well on many subwithin such and such districts. I know, in parti- jects; and seem to have been conversant in very cular, goods are not entered as they ought to be at different scenes of life. But in the considerations the Custom-house, nor law-reports perused at the of mankind, as a Spectator, you should not omit Temple, by reason of one beauty who detains the circumstances which relate to the inferior part of young merchants too long near 'Change, and another fair one who keeps the students at her house greater. There is one thing in particular which I the world, any more than those which concern they when they should be at study. It would be worth wonder you have not touched upon, and that is the your while to see how the idolaters alternately offer general corruption of manners in the servants of incense to their Idols, and what heart-burnings Great Britain. I am a man that have travelled arise in those who wait for their turn to receive and seen many nations, but have for seven years kind aspects from those little thrones, which all the last past resided constantly in London, or within d company, but these lovers, call the bars. I saw a twenty miles of it. In this time I have contracted a gentleman turn as pale as ashes, because an Idol numerous acquaintance among the best sort of peo turned the sugar in a tea-dish for his rival, and care-ple, and have hardly found one of them happy lessly called the boy to serve him, with a "Sirrah! their servants. This is matter of great astonish why don't you give the gentleman the box to please ment to foreigners, and all such as have visited fo himself?" Certain it is, that a very hopeful young reign countries; especially since we cannot but ob man was taken with leads in his pockets below serve, that there is no part of the world where ser bridge, where he intended to drown himself, be- vants have those privileges and advantages as cause his Idol would wash the dish in which she had England. They have no where else such plentiful but just drank tea, before she would let him use it. diet, large wages, or indulgent liberty. There is I am, sir, a person past being amorous, and do no place wherein they labour less, and yet where not give this information out of envy or jealousy, they are so little respectful, more wasteful, more but I am a real sufferer by it. These lovers take negligent, or where they so frequently change their any thing for tea and coffee; I saw one yesterday masters. To this I attribute, in a great measure, se surfeit to make his court, and all his rivals, at the the frequent robberies and losses which we suffer same time, loud in the commendation of liquors of this kind on the high road and in our own houses. That in in that went against every body in the room that was not in love. While these young fellows resign their is, that a careless groom of mine has spoiled me stomachs with their hearts, and drink at the Idol in the prettiest pad in the world with only riding him this manner, we who come to do business, or talk ten miles; and I assure you, if I were to make a politics, are utterly poisoned. They have also register of all the horses I have known thus abused by negligence of servants, the number would mount a regiment. I wish you would give us your ob See No. 48. This Idol was a young widow who kept the Widow's coffeeLouse (then so called) in Devereux Court in the Strand. Mr. Eusden, afterwards poet-laureat. moured tr such as servations, that we may know how to treat these pon these rogues, or that we masters may enter into measures to reform them. Pray give us a speculation in general about servants, and you make me Warmer t as they a eat to yo on the pr lovers; V Yours, PHILO-BRITANNICUS. bring their lacqueys out of state, and here it is that all they say at their tables, and act in their houses, is communicated to the whole town. There are men of wit in all conditions of life; and mixing with these people at their diversions, I have heard coquettes and prudes as well rallied, and insolence cation) with as much humour and good sense, as in and pride exposed (allowing for their want of eduthe politest companies. It is a general observaThis honest gentleman, who is so desirous that tion, that all dependants run in some measure into should write a satire upon grooms, has a great the manners and behaviour of those whom they deal of reason for his resentment; and I know no serve. You shall frequently meet with lovers and evil which touches all mankind so much as this of men of intrigue among the lacqueys as well as at the misbehaviour of servants. White's or in the side-boxes. I remember some 'P. S. Pray do not omit the mention of grooms ly that we in particular.' were id ing this in e only who dai yours, стья 472 The complaint of this letter runs wholly upon years ago an instance of this kind. A footman_to men-servants; and I can attribute the licentious-a colonel of the guards used frequently, when his mess which has at present prevailed among them, master was out of the way, to carry on amours and to nothing but what an hundred before me have make assignations in his master's clothes. The felascribed it to, the custom of giving board-wages. low had a very good person, and there are very· This one instance of false economy is sufficient to many women that think no further than the outside debauch the whole nation of servants, and makes of a gentleman: besides which, he was almost as them as it were but for some part of their time in learned a man as the colonel himself: I say, thus that quality. They are either attending in places qualified, the fellow could scrawl billet-doux so where they meet and run into clubs, or else if they well, and furnished a conversation on the common wait at taverns, they eat after their masters, and re- topics, that he had, as they call it, a great deal of serve their wages for other occasions, From hence good business on his hands. It happened one day, it arises, that they are but in a lower degree what that coming down a tavern stairs in his master's fine their masters themselves are; and usually affect an guard-coat, with a well-dressed woman masked, he imitation of their manners: and you have in live- met the colonel coming up with other company; ries, beaux, fops, and coxcombs, in as high per- but with a ready assurance he quitted his lady, fection as among people that keep equipages. It came up to him and said, Sir, I know you have sa common humour among the retinue of people too much respect for yourself to cane me in this quality, when they are in their revels, that is honourable habit. But you see there is a lady in when they are out of their master's sight, to assume the case, and I hope on that score also, you will in a humorous way the names and titles of those put off your anger till I have told you all another erwhose liveries they wear. By which means cha- time.' After a little pause the colonel cleared up racters and distinctions become so familiar to them, his countenance, and with an air of familiarity that it is to this, among other causes, one may im- whispered his man apart, Sirrah, bring the lady pute a certain insolence among our servants, that with you to ask pardon for you :" then aloud, 'Look they take no notice of any gentleman, though they to it, Will, I'll never forgive you else.' The fellow know him ever so well, except he is an acquaint- went back to his mistress, and telling her, with a loud voice and an oath, that was the honestest fellow ! Ex May 3 ance of their master's. STEELE. No 89. TUESDAY, JUNE 12, 1711. R. My obscurity and taciturnity leave me at liberty, in the world, conveyed her to an hackney-coach. dard without scandal, to dine if I think fit at a common But the many irregularities committed by seraordinary, in the meanest as well as the most sump- vants in the places above-mentioned, as well as in tuous house of entertainment. Falling in the other theatres, of which masters are generally the occaday at a victualling-house near the house of peers, sions, are too various not to need being resumed on I beard the maid come down and tell the landlady another occasion. st the bar, that my lord bishop swore he would throw her out at window, if she did not bring up more mild beer, and that my lord duke would have a double mug of purl. My surprise was increased in hearing loud and rustic voices speak and answer to each other upon the public affairs, by the names of the most illustrious of our nobility; till of a sudden one came running in, and cried the house was rising Down came all the company together and way! The alehouse was immediately filled with clamour, and scoring one mug to the marquis of such a place, oil and vinegar to such an earl, three quarts to my new lord for wetting his title, and so forth. It is a thing too notorious to mention the crowds of servants, and their insolence, near the Courts of justice, and the stairs towards the supreme assembly, where there is an universal mockery of all order, such riotous clamour and licentious conFusion, that one would think the whole nation lived in jest, and that there was no such thing as rule and distinction among us. Pers. From thee both old and young, with profit, learn → Corn. Unhappy he, who does this work adjourn, Pers. But is one day of ease too much to borrow? As my correspondents upon the subject of love are |