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'My hounds are bred out of the Spartan kind,
So Bew'd, so sanded;† and their heads are hung
With ears that sweep away the morning dew,
Crook-knee'd and dew-lapp'd like Thessalian bulls,
Slow in pursuit, but match'd in mouths like bells,
Each under each. A ery more tunable
Was never halloo'd to, not cheer'd with horn.'

under us, followed by the full cry, in view. I must confess the brightness of the weather, the cheerfulness of every thing around me, the chiding of the hounds, which was returned upon us in a double echo from two neighbouring hills, with the hallooing of the sportsmen, and the sounding of the Sir Roger is so keen at this sport, that he has horn, lifted my spirits into a most lively pleasure, been out almost every day since I came down, which I freely indulged because I was sure it was and upon the chaplain's offering to lend me his innocent. If I was under any concern, it was on easy pad, I was prevailed on yesterday morning to the account of the poor hare, that was now quite make one of the company. I was extremely spent, and almost within the reach of her enemies; pleased, as we rid along, to observe the general when the huntsman getting forward threw down benevolence of all the neighbourhood towards my his pole before the dogs. They were now within friend. The farmers' sons thought themselves hap-eight yards of that game which they had been pur py if they could open a gate for the good old suing for almost as many hours; yet on the signal knight as he passed by; which he generally re-before-mentioned they all made a sudden stand, quited with a nod or a smile, and a kind inquiry and though they continued opening as much as beafter their fathers or uncles.

fore, durst not once attempt to pass beyond the After we had rid about a mile from home, we pole. At the same time Sir Roger rode forward, came upon a large heath, and the sportsmen began and alighting took up the hare in his arms; which to beat. They had done so for some time, when, he soon after delivered up to one of his servants as I was at a little distance from the rest of the with an order, if she could be kept alive, to let her company, I saw a hare pop out from a small furze-go in his great orchard; where it seems he has brake almost under my horse's feet. I marked the several of these prisoners of war, who live together way she took, which i endeavoured to make the in a very comfortable captivity. I was highly company sensible of by extending my arm; but to pleased to see the discipline of the pack, and the no purpose, till Sir Roger, who knows that none good-nature of the knight, who could not find in of my extraordinary motions are insignificant, rode his heart to murder a creature that had given him up to me, and asked me, if puss was gone that so much diversion. way? Upon my answering yes, he immediately As we were returning home, I remembered that called in the dogs, and put them upon the scent Monsieur Paschal, in his most excellent discourse As they were going off, I heard one of the country-on the Misery of Man, tells us, that all our endeafellows muttering to his companion, 'that 'twas a vours after greatness proceed from nothing but a wonder they had not lost all their sport, for want desire of being surrounded by a multitude of perof the silent gentleman's crying, Stole away.' sons and affairs that may hinder us from looking This, with my aversion to leaping hedges, made into ourselves, which is a view we cannot bear. me withdraw to a rising ground, from whence I He afterwards goes on to show that our love of could have the pleasure of the whole chase, with-sports comes from the same reason, and is par out the fatigue of keeping in with the hounds. ticularly severe upon hunting. What,' says he, The hare immediately threw them above a mile unless it be to drown thought, can make men behind her; but I was pleased to find, that instead throw away so much time and pains upon a silly of running straight forwards, or in hunter's lan-animal, which they might buy cheaper in the mar guage, flying the country,' as I was afraid she ket? The foregoing reflection is certainly just, might have done, she wheeled about, and described when a man suffers his whole mind to be drawn a sort of circle round the hill where I had taken into his sports, and altogether loses himself in the my station, in such a manner as gave me a very woods; but does not affect those who propose a distinct view of the sport. I could see her first far more laudable end from this exercise, I mean, pass by, and the dogs some time afterwards unra. the preservation of health, and keeping all the or velling the whole track she had made, and follow-gans of the soul in a condition to execute her ing her through all her doubles. I was at the same orders. Had that incomparable person, whom I last time delighted in observing that deference which quoted, been a little more indulgent to himself in the rest of the pack paid to each particular hound, this point, the world might probably have enjoyed according to the character he had acquired amongst him much longer; whereas through too great an ap them. If they were at a fault, and an old hound plication to his studies in his youth he contracted of reputation opened but once, he was immediately followed by the whole cry; while a raw dog, or one who was a noted liar, might have yelped his heart out, without being taken notice of.

The hare now, after having squatted two or three times, and been put up again as often, came still nearer to the place where she was at first started. The dogs pursued her, and these were followed by the jolly knight, who rode upon a white gelding, encompassed by his tenants and servants, and cheering his hounds with all the gaiety of five and twenty. One of the sportsmen rode up to me, and told me, that he was sure the chase was almost at an end, because the old dogs, which had hitherto lain behind, now headed the pack. The fellow was in the right. Our hare took a large field just

• Flews are the large chaps of a deep mouthed hound. ↑ Marked with small spots, like sand.

that ill habit of body, which, after a tedious sickness, carried him off in the fortieth year of his age; and the whole history we have of his life till that time, is but one continued account of the behaviour of a noble soul struggling under innume rable pains and distempers.*

For my own part, I intend to hunt twice a week during my stay with Sir Roger; and shall prescribe the moderate use of this exercise to all my country friends, as the best kind of physic for mending a bad constitution, and preserving a good one.

I cannot do this better, than in the following lines out of Mr. Dryden:†

'The first physicians by debauch were made;
Excess began, and sloth sustains the trade.

• Blaise Pascal, who when a mere youth might be said to chal lenge all the mathematicians of Europe, was born at Clermont in Auvergne, 1623, and died in Paris, 1662.

Epistle to his honoured kinsman John Dryden, of Chester ton, in the county of Huntingdon, esq.

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By chase our long-liv'd fathers earn'd their food;
Toil strung the nerves, and purify'd the blood;
But we their sons, a pamper'd race of men,
Are dwindled down to threescore years and ten.
Better to hunt in fields for health unbought,
Than fee the doctor for a nauseous draught.
The wise for cure on exercise depend:
God never made his work for man to mend.'
BUDGELL.

No 117. SATURDAY, JULY 14, 1711.

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neighbours did not believe had carried her several hundreds of miles. If she chanced to stumble, they always found sticks or straws that lay in the figure of a cross before her. If she made any mistake at church, and cried amen in a wrong place, they never failed to conclude that she was saying her prayers backwards. There was not a maid in the parish that would take a pin of her, though she should offer a bag of money with it. She goes by the name of Moll White, and has made the country ring with several imaginary exploits which are palmed upon her. If the dairy-maid does not make her butter come so soon as she would have it, VIRG. Eclog. viii. ver. 108. Moll White is at the bottom of the churn.* If a Their own imaginations they deceive. horse sweats in the stable, Moll White has been THERE are some opinions in which a man should upon his back. If a hare makes an unexpected stand neuter, without engaging his assent to one escape from the hounds, the huntsman curses Moll side or the other. Such a hovering faith as this, White. Nay,' says Sir Roger, I have known which refuses to settle upon any determination, is the master of the pack, upon such an occasion, absolutely necessary in a mind that is careful to send one of his servants to see if Moll White bad avoid errors and prepossessions. When the argu-been out that morning.'

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Ipsi sibi somnia fingunt.

ments press equally on both sides in matters that This account raised my curiosity so far, that I are indifferent to us, the safest method is to give begged my friend Sir Roger to go with me into up ourselves to neither. her hovel, which stood in a solitary corner under

At the

It is with this temper of mind that I consider the side of the wood. Upon our first entering, Sir the subject of witchcraft. When I hear the rela- Roger winked to me, and pointed at something that tions that are made from all parts of the world, stood behind the door, which, upon looking that not only from Norway and Lapland, from the East way, I found to be an old broom-staff. and West Indies, but from every particular nation same time he whispered me in the ear to take no in Europe, I cannot forbear thinking that there tice of a tabby cat, that sate in the chimney corner, is such an intercourse and commerce with evil spi- which, as the old knight told me, lay under as bad rits, as that which we express by the name of a report as Mol! White herself; for besides that witchcraft. But when I consider that the igno- Moll is said often to accompany her in the same rant and credulous parts of the world abound most shape, the cat is reported to have spoken twice or in these relations, and that the persons among us, thrice in her life, and to have played several pranks who are supposed to engage in such an infernal above the capacity of an ordinary cat. commerce, are people of a weak understanding I was secretly concerned to see human nature in and crazed imagination, and at the same time so much wretchedness and disgrace, but at the same reflect upon the many impostures and delusions of time could not forbear smiling to bear Sir Roger, this nature that have been detected in all ages, I who is a little puzzled about the old woman, adendeavour to suspend my belief till I hear more vising her as a justice of peace to avoid all comcertain accounts than any which have yet come munication with the devil, and never to hurt any to my knowledge. In short, when I consider the of her neighbour's cattle. We concluded our visit question, whether there are such persons in the with a bounty, which was very acceptable. world as those we call witches, my mind is divided In our return home Sir Roger told me, that old between the two opposite opinions, or rather (to Moll had been often brought before him for makspeak my thoughts freely) I believe in general that ing children spit pins, and giving maids the nightthere is, and has been such a thing as witchcraft; mare; and that the country people would be tossbut at the same time can give no credit to any ing her into a pond, and trying experiments with particular instance of it. her every day, if it was not for him and his chap

I am engaged in this speculation, by some oc-lain. currences that I met with yesterday, which I shall I have since found upon inquiry, that Sir Roger give my reader an account of at large. As I was was several times staggered with the reports that walking with my friend Sir Roger by the side of had been brought him concerning this old woman, one of his woods, an old woman applied herself to and would frequently have bound her over to the me for my charity. Her dress and figure put me county sessions, had not his chaplain with much in mind of the following description of Otway: ado persuaded him to the contrary.

In a close lane as I pursu'd my journey,
Ispy'd a wrinkled hag, with age grown double,
Picking dry sticks, and murabling to herself
Her eyes with scalding rheum were gall'd and red:
Cold palsy shook her head; Ler bands seem'd wither'd;
And on her crooked shoulders had she wrapp'd
The tatter'd recanant of an okl striped hanging,
Which served to keep her carcase from the cold:
So there was nothing of a piece about her.
Her lower weeds were all o'er coarsely patch'd
With different colour'd rags, black, red, white, yellow,
And seem'd to speak variety of wretchedness.*

I have been the more particular in this account, because I hear there is scarce a village in England that has not a Moll White in it. When an old woman begins to dote, and grow chargeable to a parish, she is generally turned into a witch, and fills the whole country with extravagant fancies, imaginary distempers, and terrifying dreams. In the mean time, the poor wretch that is the innocent occasion of so many evils, begins to be frighted at herself, and sometimes confesses secret commerces

As I was musing on this description, and com-and familiarities that her imagination forms in a paring it with the object before me, the knight told me, that this very old woman had the reputadelirious old age. This frequently cuts off chation of a witch all over the country, that her lips rity from the greatest objects of compassion, and were observed to be always in motion, and that inspires people with a malevolence towards those there was not a switch about her house which her poor decrepid parts of our species, in whom human nature is defaced by infirmity and dotage.

• Orphan, Act II.

ADDISON

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N° 118. MONDAY, JULY 16, 1711.

Hæret lateri lethalis arundo.

-The fatal dart

VIRG. Æn. iv, 73.

Sticks in his side, and rankles in his heart.

DRYDEN.

think they are in a state of freedom, while they can prate with one of these attendants of all men in general, and still avoid the man they most like. You do not see one heiress in a hundred whose fate does not turn upon this circumstance of choosing a confidant. Thus it is that the lady is addressed to, presented, and flattered, only by proxy, in her woman. In my case, how is it possible that...... Sir Roger was proceeding in his harangue, when we heard the voice of one speaking very importuTHIS agreeable seat is surrounded with so many nately, and repeating these words, What, not one pleasing walks, which are struck out of a wood, smile? We followed the sound till we came to a in the midst of which the house stands, that one close thicket, on the other side of which we saw a can hardly ever be weary of rambling from one young woman sitting as it were in a personated labyrinth of delight to another. To one used to sullenness just over á transparent fountain. Oplive in a city the charms of the country are so ex-posite to her stood Mr. William, Sir Roger's mas quisite, that the mind is lost in a certain transport ter of the game. The knight whispered me, 'Hist, which raises us above ordinary life, and yet is not these are lovers.' The huntsman looking earnestly strong enough to be inconsistent with tranquillity. at the shadow of the young maiden in the stream, This state of mind was in, ravished with the mur-Oh thou dear picture, if thou couldst remain there mur of waters, the whisper of breezes, the singing in the absence of that fair creature whom you reof birds; and whether I looked up to the heavens, present in the water, how willingly could I stand down on the earth, or turned to the prospects here satisfied for ever, without troubling my dear around me, still struck with new sense of pleasure; Betty herself with any mention of her unfortunate when I found by the voice of my friend, who William, whom she is angry with! But alas! when walked by me, that we had insensibly strolled into she pleases to be gone, thou wilt also vanish....... the grove sacred to the widow. This woman,' Yet let me talk to thee while thou dost stay. Tell says he, is of all others the most unintelligible; my dearest Betty thou dost not more depend upon she either designs to marry, or she does not. What her, than does her William : her absence will make is the most perplexing of all is, that she doth not away with me as well as thee. If she offers to either say to her lovers, she has any resolution remove thee, I will jump into these waves to lay against that condition of life in general, or that hold on thee; herself, her own dear person, I must she banishes them; but conscious of her own me-never embrace again... Still do you hear me with rit she permits their addresses, without fear of any out one smile... It is too much to bear...' He had Il consequence, or want of respect, from their no sooner spoke these words, but he made an rage or despair. She has that in her aspect, against offer of throwing himself into the water at which which it is impossible to offend. A man whose his mistress started up, and at the next instant he thoughts are constantly bent upon so agreeable an jumped across the fountain, and met her in an em object, must be excused if the ordinary occurrences brace. She, half recovering from her fright, said, in conversation are below his attention. I call her in the most charming voice imaginable, and with a indeed perverse, but, alas! why do I call her so? tone of complaint, I thought how well you would because her superior merit is such, that I cannot drown yourself. No, no, you will not drown approach her without awe, that my heart is check-yourself till you have taken your leave of Susan ed by too much esteem: I am angry that her charms Holiday.' The huntsman, with a tenderness that are not more accessible, that I am more inclined to spoke the most passionate love, and with his cheek worship than salute her. How often have I wished close to hers, whispered the softest vows of fidelity her unhappy, that I might have an opportunity of in her ear, and cried, 'Do not, my dear, believe serving her. And how often troubled in that a word Kate Willow says; she is spiteful, and very imagination, at giving her the pain of being makes stories, because she loves to hear me talk to obliged? Well, I have led a miserable life in se herself for your sake.' Look you there,' quoth cret upon her account; but fancy she would have Sir Roger, do you see there, all mischief comes condescended to have some regard for me, if it from confidants! But let us not interrupt them; had not been for that watchful animal her confi-the maid is honest, and the man dare not be otherdant.

I

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wise, for he knows I loved her father: I will interOf all persons under the sun,' (continued he, pose in this matter, and hasten the wedding. Kate calling me by my name) 'be sure to set a mark Willow is a witty mischievous wench in the neighupon confidants: they are of all people the most bourhood, who was a beauty; and makes me hope impertinent. What is most pleasant to observe in shall see the perverse widow in her condition. them, is, that they assume to themselves the merit She was so flippant with her answers to all the ho of the persons whom they have in their custody. nest fellows that came near her, and so very Orestilla is a great fortune, and in wonderful dan- of her beauty, that she has valued herself upon her ger of surprises; therefore full of suspicions of the charms till they are ceased. She therefore now feast indifferent thing, particularly careful of new makes it her business to prevent other young wo acquaintance, and of growing too familiar with men from being more discreet than she was her the old. Themista, her favourite woman, is every self: however, the saucy thing said the other day whit as careful of whom she speaks to, and what well enough, Sir Roger and I must make a match, she says. Let the ward be a beauty, her confidant for we are both despised by those we loved. The shall treat you with an air of distance; let her be hussy has a great deal of power wherever she a fortune, and she assumes the suspicious behaviour comes, and has her share of cunning. of her friend and patroness. Thus it is that very However, when I reflect upon this woman,* I many of our unmarried women of distinction are do not know whether in the main I am the worse to all intents and purposes married, except the for having loved her whenever she is recalled to consideration of different sexes. They are directly under the conduct of their whisperer; and

See Nos, 2 and 113.

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my imagination, my youth returns, and I feel a for- up to the fashions of the polite world, but the town gotten warmth in my veins. This affliction in my has dropped them, and are nearer to the first state life has streaked all my conduct with a softness, of of nature, than to those refinements which formerly which I should otherwise have been incapable. It reigned in the court, and still prevail in the counis owing, perhaps, to this dear image in my heart (try. One may now know a man that never conis aldre that I am apt to relent, that I easily forgive, and versed in the world, by his excess of good breedthat many desirable things are grown into my tem-ing. A polite country esquire shall make you as per, which I should not have arrived at by better many bows in half an hour, as would serve a courngue, via motives than the thought of being one day hers. Itier for a week. There is infinitely more to do yam pretty well satisfied such a passion as I have about place and precedency in a meeting of jushad is never well cured; and between you and me, tices' wives, than in an assembly of duchesses. I am often apt to imagine it has had some whimsi- This rural politeness is very troublesome to a man cal effect upon my brain: for I frequently find, that of my temper, who generally take the chair that is in my most serious discourse I let fall some comical next me, and walk first or last, in the front or in familiarity of speech or odd phrase that makes the the rear, as chance directs. I have known my company laugh. However, I cannot but allow she friend Sir Roger's dinner almost cold before the is a most excellent woman. When she is in the company could adjust the ceremonial, and be pregears country I warrant she does not run into dairies, vailed upon to sit down; and have heartily pitied the sth but reads upon the nature of plants: she has a glass my old friend, when I have seen him forced to pick mabee hive, and comes into the garden out of books and cull his guests, as they sate at the several parts to see them work, and observe the policies of their of his table, that he might drink their healths acCommonwealth. She understands every thing. Icording to their respective ranks and qualities. would give ten pounds to hear her argue with my Honest Will Wimble, who I should have thought friend Sir Andrew Freeport about trade. No, no, had been altogether uninfected with ceremony, for all she looks so innocent, as it were, take my gives me abundance of trouble in this particular. word for it she is no fool.'

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STEELE.

No 119. TUESDAY, JULY 17, 1711.

Urbem quam dicunt Romam, Melibre, putavi
Stultus ego huic nostræ similem-

T.

VIRG. Eel. i, ver. 20.

Fool that I was, I thought imperial Rome

Like Mantua.

DRYDEN.

Though he has been fishing all the morning, he will not help himself at dinner until I am served. When we are going out of the hall he runs behind me; and last night, as we were walking in the fields, stopped short at a stile until I came up to it, and upon my making signs to him to get over, told me with a serious smile, that sure I believed they had no manners in the country.

There has happened another revolution in the point of good-breeding, which relates to the conversation among men of mode, and which I cannot but look upon as very extraordinary. It was certainly one of the first distinctions of a well-bred THE first and most obvious reflections that arise in man to express every thing that had the most rea man who changes the city for the country, are mote appearance of being obscene, in modest upon the different manners of the people whom terms and distant phrases; whilst the clown, who he meets with in those two different scenes of life. had no such delicacy of conception and expression, By manners I do not mean morals, but behaviour clothed his ideas in those plain homely terms that and good breeding, as they show themselves in the are the most obvious and natural. This kind of town and in the country. good-manners was perhaps carried to an excess, And here, in the first place, I must observe a very so as to make conversation too stiff, formal, and great revolution that has happened in this article precise: for which reason (as hypocrisy in one age of good-breeding. Several obliging deferences con- is generally succeeded by atheism in another) condescensions, and submissions, with many outward versation is in a great measure relapsed into the forms and ceremonies that accompany them, were first extreme; so that at present several of our first of all brought up among the politer part of men of the town, and particularly those who have mankind, who lived in courts and cities, and dis-been polished in France, make use of the most Linguished themselves from the rustic part of the coarse uncivilized words in our language, and utter species (who on all occasions acted bluntly and themselves often in such a manner as a clown naturally) by such a mutual complaisance and in-would blush to hear.

tercourse of civilities. These forms of conversa- This infamous piece of good-breeding, which tion by degrees multiplied and grew troublesome; reigns among the coxcombs of the town, has not the modish world found too great a constraint in yet made its way into the country; and as it is them, and have therefore thrown most of them impossible for such an irrational way of converside. Conversation, like the Romish religion, sation to last long among a people that make any was so incumbered with show and ceremony, that profession of religion, or show of modesty, if the it stood in need of a reformation to retrench its country gentlemen get into it, they will certainly superfluities, and restore it to its natural good sense be left in the lurch. Their good-breeding will and beauty. At present therefore an unconstrained come too late to them, and they will be thought a carriage, and a certain openness of behaviour, parcel of lewd clowns, while they fancy themare the height of good-breeding. The fashionable selves talking together like men of wit and pleaworld is grown free and easy: our manners sit more sure.

the least.

loose upon us. Nothing is so modish as an agree- As the two points of good-breeding which I able negligence. In a word, good-breeding shows have hitherto insisted upon regard behaviour and self most, where to an ordinary eye it appears conversation, there is a third which turns upon dress. In this too the country are very much beIf after this we look on the people of mode in hind-hand. The rural beaux are not yet got out the country, we find in them the manners of the of the fashion that took place at the time of the ast age. They have no sooner fetched themselves revolution, but ride about the country in red coats

and laced hats, while the women in many parts are degree as man, their buildings would be as differ. still trying to outvie one another in the height of ent as ours, according to the different convenien. their head-dresses. cies that they would propose to themselves.

But a friend of mine, who is now upon the Is it not remarkable, that the same temper of western circuit, having promised to give me an ac-weather, which raises this genial warmth in anicount of the several modes and fashions that pre-mals, should cover the trees with leaves, and the vail in the different parts of the nation through fields with grass, for their security and concealwhich he passes, I shall defer the enlarging upon ment, and produce such infinite swarms of insects this last topic till I have received a letter from for the support and sustenance of their respective him, which I expect every post.*

ADDISON.

N° 120. WEDNESDAY, JULY 18, 1711.

-Equidem credo, quia sit divinitus illis Ingenium

L.

VIRG. Georg. i. 415. I think their breasts with heav'nly souls inspir'd. DRYDEN.

broods?

Is it not wonderful, that the love of the parent should be so violent while it lasts, and that it should last no longer than is necessary for the preservation of the young?

The violence of this natural love is exemplified by a very barbarous experiment; which I shall quote at length, as I find it in an excellent author, and hope my readers will pardon the mentioning such an instance of cruelty, because there is nothing can so effectually show the strength of that princi ple in animals of which I am here speaking. A My friend Sir Roger is very often merry with me person who was well skilled in dissections opened upon my passing so much of my time among his a bitch, and as she lay in the most exquisite tor poultry. He has caught me twice or thrice looking tures, offered her one of her young puppies, which after a bird's nest, and several times sitting an hour she immediately fell a licking; and for the time or two together near a hen and chickens. He tells seemed insensible of her own pain. On the reme he believes I am personally acquainted with moval, she kept her eye fixed on it, and began a every fowl about his house; calls such a particular wailing sort of cry, which seemed rather to procock my favourite; and frequently complains that ceed from the loss of her young one, than the sense his ducks and geese have more of my company of her own torments.'

than himself. But notwithstanding this natural love in brutes I must confess I am infinitely delighted with is much more violent and intense than in rational those speculations of nature which are to be made creatures, Providence has taken care that it should in a country life; and as my reading has very much be no longer troublesome to the parent than it is lain among books of natural history, I cannot for- useful to the young; for so soon as the wants of bear recollecting upon this occasion the several the latter cease, the mother withdraws her fond remarks which I have met with in authors, and ness, and leaves them to provide for themselves; comparing them with what falls under my own observation: the arguments for Providence drawn from the natural history of animals being in my opinion demonstrative.

The make of every kind of animal is different from that of every other kind; and yet there is not the least turn in the muscles or twist in the fibres of any one, which does not render them more proper for that particular animal's way of life than any other cast or texture of them would have

been.

The most violent appetites in all creatures are Just and hunger. The first is a perpetual call upon them to propagate their kind; the latter to pre

serve themselves.

and what is a very remarkable circumstance in this part of instinct, we find that the love of the parent may be lengthened out beyond its usual time, if the preservation of the species requires it: as we may see in birds that drive away their young as soon as they are able to get their livelihood, but continue to feed them if they are tied to the nest, or confined within a cage, or by any other means appear to be out of a condition of supplying their own necessities.

This natural love is not observed in animals to ascend from the young to the parent, which is not at all necessary for the continuance of the species: nor indeed in reasonable creatures does it rise in any proportion, as it spreads itself downwards; It is astonishing to consider the different degrees for in all family affection, we find protection of care that descend from the parent to the young, granted and favours bestowed, are greater motives so far as is absolutely necessary for the leaving a to love and tenderness, than safety, benefits, of posterity. Some creatures cast their eggs as chance directs them, and think of them no farther; as insects and several kinds of fish. Others, of a nicer frame, find out proper beds to deposit them in, and there leave them; as the serpent, the crocodile, and ostrich others hatch their eggs and tend the birth, until it is able to shift for itself.

What can we call the principle which directs every different kind of bird to observe a particular plan in the structure of its nest, and directs all the same species to work after the same model? It cannot be imitation; for though you hatch a crow under a hen, and never let it see any of the works of its own kind, the nest it makes shall be the same, to the laying of a stick, with all the other nests of the same species. It cannot be reason; for were animals endued with it to as great

• See No 129.

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life received.

One would wonder to hear sceptical men dis puting for the reason of animals, and telling us it is only our pride and prejudices that will not allow them the use of that faculty.

Reason shows itself in all occurrences of life; whereas the brute makes no discovery of such a talent, but in what immediately regards his own preservation, or the continuance of his species. Animals in their generation are wiser than the sons of men; but their wisdom is confined to a few particulars, and lies in a very narrow compass. Take brute out of his instinct, and you find him wholly deprived of understanding. To use an instance that comes often under observation:

With what caution does the hen provide herself nest in places unfrequented, and free from noise and disturbance! when she has laid her eggs in such a manner that she can cover them, what care

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