uld be as rent cover emselves. same tempe warmth a leaves, ty and cars arms of heir rest of the does she take in turning them frequently, that all of. To me, as I hinted in my last paper, it seems parts may partake of the vital warmth! when she the immediate direction of Providence, and such leaves them, to provide for her necessary suste- an operation of the Supreme Being, as that which nance, how punctually does she return before they determines all the portions of matter to their prohave time to cool, and become incapable of pro- per centres. A modern philosopher, quoted by ducing an animal! In the summer you see her giv-Monsieur Bayle in his learned dissertation on the ing herself greater freedoms, and quitting her care Souls of Brutes, delivers the same opinion, though for above two hours together; but in winter, when in a bolder form of words, where he says, Deus est the rigour of the season would chill the principles anima brutorum, 'God himself is the soul of of life, and destroy the young one, she grows more brutes.' Who can tell what to call that seeming assiduous in her attendance, and stays away but sagacity in animals, which directs them to such half the time. When the birth approaches, with food as is proper for them, and makes them natuhow much ricety and attention does she help the rally avoid whatever is noxious or unwholesome? chick to break its prison! not to take notice of her Tully has observed, that a lamb no sooner falls covering it from the injuries of the weather, pro- from its mother, but immediately and of its own is exevividing proper nourishment, and teaching it to help accord it applies itself to the teat. Dampier, in which itself; nor to mention her forsaking the nest, if his Travels, tells us, that when seamen are thrown cellent after the usual time of reckoning the young one upon any of the unknown coasts of America, they ment does not make its appearance. A chymical opera- never venture upon the fruit of any tree, how heretion could not be followed with greater art or dili- tempting soever it may appear, unless they observe of that agence, than is seen in the hatching of a chick; that it is marked with the pecking of birds; but peaking though there are many other birds that show an in-fall on without any fear or apprehension where the finitely greater sagacity in all the fore-mentioned birds have been before them. exparticulars. But notwithstanding animals have nothing like od that its the prese Ctions ppies for the But at the same time the hen, that has all this the use of reason, we find in them all the lower seeming ingenuity (which is indeed absolutely ne-parts of our nature, the passions and senses in their On the Cessary for the propagation of the species), consi-greatest strength and perfection. And here it is dered in other respects, is without the least glim-worth our observation, that all beasts and birds of athermerings of thought or common sense. She mistakes prey are wonderfully subject to anger, malice, a piece of chalk for an egg, and sits upon it in the revenge, and all the other violent passions that may same manner. She is insensible of any increase or animate them in search of their proper food; as diminution in the number of those she lays. She those that are incapable of defending themselves, does not distinguish between her own and those of or annoying others, or whose safety lies chiefly in another species; and when the birth appears of their flight, are suspicious, fearful, and apprehen never so different a bird, will cherish it for her sive of every thing they see or hear; whilst others, own. In all these circumstances, which does not that are of assistance and use to man, have their be carry an immediate regard to the subsistence of natures softened with something mild and tractherself or her species, she is a very idiot. able, and by that means are qualified for a doThere is not, in my opinion, any thing more mestic life. In this case the passions generally mysterious in nature than this instinct in animals, correspond with the make of the body. We do which thus rises above reason, and falls infinitely short of it. It cannot be accounted for by any properties in matter, and at the same time works after so odd a manner, that one cannot think it the faculty of an intellectual being. For my own part, look upon it as upon the principle of gravita bon in bodies, which is not to be explained by any known qualities inherent in the bodies themselves, hor from any laws of mechanism; but, according to the best notions of the greatest philosophers, is an immediate impression from the first Mover, and the divine energy acting in the creatures. ADDISON. No 121. THURSDAY, JULY 19, 1711. Jovis omnia plena. L. VIRG. Ecl. iii. ver. 60. All is full of Jove. not find the fury of a lion in so weak and defenceless an animal as a lamb; nor the meekness of a lamb in a creature so armed for battle and assault as the lion. In the same manner, we find that particular animals have a more or less exquisite sharpness and sagacity in those particular senses which most turn to their advantage, and in which their safety and welfare is the most concerned. Nor must we here omit that great variety of arms with which nature has differently fortified the bodies of several kind of animals, such as claws, hoofs, horns, teeth, and tusks, a tail, a sting, a trunk, or a proboscis. It is likewise observed by naturalists, that it must be some hidden principle, distinct from what we call reason, which instructs animals in the use of these their arms, and teaches them to manage them to the best advantage; because they naturally defend themselves with that part in which their strength lies, before the weapon be formed in it; as is remarkable in lambs, which, though they are bred within doors, and never saw the actions of their own species, push at those who approach them with their foreheads, before the first budding of a horn appears. a creature As I was walking this morning in the great yard that belongs to my friend's country house, I was Wonderfully pleased to see the different workings I shall add to these general observations an inof instinct in a hen followed by a brood of ducks. stance, which Mr. Locke has given us of ProviThe young, upon the sight of a pond, immediately dence even in the imperfections Tinto it; while the stepmother, with all ima- which seems the meanest and the most despicable ginable anxiety, hovered about the borders of it, in the whole animal world. We may,' says he, to call them out of an element that appeared to from the make of an oyster, or cockle, conclude, ber so dangerous and destructive. As the different that it has not so many, nor so quick senses as a principle which acted in these different animals man, or several other animals: nor, if it had, would cannot be termed reason, so when we call it in "inct we mean something we have no knowledge| * Essay on Human Understanding, book ii, ch. 9. sect. 13, it, in that state and incapacity of transferring it-body of natural history, the best that could be self from one place to another, be bettered by gathered together from books and observations. If them. What good would sight and hearing do to the several writers among them took each his para creature, that cannot move itself to or from the ticular species, and gave us a distinct account of object wherein at a distance it perceives good or its original, birth, and education; its policies, hosevil? and would not quickness of sensation be an tilities and alliances, with the frame and texture inconvenience to an animal that must be still where of its inward and outward parts, and particularly chance has once placed it, and there receive the those that distinguish it from all other animals, with afflux of colder or warmer, clean or foul water, as their peculiar aptitudes for the state of being in it happens to come to it?" which Providence has placed them, it would be one of the best services their studies could do mankind, and not a little redound to the glory of the all wise Contriver. I shall add to this instance out of Mr. Locke another out of the learned Dr. More, who cites it from Cardan, in relation to another animal which Providence has left defective, but at the same It is true, such a natural history, after all the time has shown its wisdom in the formation of that disquisitions of the learned, would be infinitely organ in which it seems chiefly to have failed. short and defective. Seas and deserts hide mil. 'What is more obvious and ordinary than a mole?lions of animals from our observation. Innume. and yet what more palpable argument of Provi-rable artifices and stratagems are acted in the dence than she? the members of her body are so howling wilderness' and in the 'great deep,' that exactly fitted to her nature and manner of life: can never come to our knowledge. Besides that for herdwelling being under ground where nothing there are infinitely more species of creatures which is to be seen, nature has so obscurely fitted her are not to be seen without, nor indeed with the with eyes, that naturalists can hardly agree whe-help of the finest glasses, than of such as are ther she have any sight at all, or no. But for bulky enough for the naked eye to take hold of. amends, what she is capable of for her defence However, from the consideration of such animals and warning of danger, she has very eminently as lie within the compass of our knowledge, we conferred upon her; for she is exceeding quick of might easily form a conclusion of the rest, that the hearing. And then her short tail and short legs, same variety of wisdom and goodness runs through but broad fore-feet armed with sharp claws; we the whole creation, and puts every creature in a see by the event to what purpose they are, she so condition to provide for its safety and subsistence swiftly working herself under ground, and making in its proper station. metaphors and descriptions, that it lifts the subject above raillery and ridicule, which frequently fall on such nice observations when they pass through the hands of an ordinary writer. L. her way so fast in the earth as they that behold it Tully has given us an admirable sketch of natucannot but admire it. Her legs therefore are ral history, in his second book concerning the Na short, that she need dig no more than will serve ture of the Gods; and that in a style so raised by the mere thickness of her body; and her fore-feet are broad that she may scoop away much earth at a time; and little or no tail she has, because she courses it not on the ground, like the rat or mouse, of whose kindred she is; but lives under the earth, and is fain to dig herself a dwelling there. And she making her way through so thick an element, which will not yield easily, as the air or the water, it had been dangerous to have drawn so long a train behind her; for her enemy might fall upon her rear, and fetch her out, before she had completed or got full possession of her works.' ADDISON. N° 122. FRIDAY, JULY 20, 1711. Comes jucundus in via pro vehiculo est. PUBL. Syr. Frag. An agreeable companion on the road is as good as a coach. I cannot forbear mentioning Mr. Boyle's remark upon this last creature, who I remember somewhere in his works* observes, that though the A MAN's first care should be to avoid the reproaches mole be not totally blind (as it is commonly thought) of his own heart; his next to escape the censures she has not sight enough to distinguish particular of the world. If the last interferes with the former, objects. He eye is said to have but one humour it ought to be entirely neglected; but otherwise in it, which is supposed to give her the idea of there cannot be a greater satisfaction to an honest light, but of nothing else, and is so formed that mind, than to see those approbations which it gives this idea is probably painful to the animal. When- itself, seconded by the applauses of the public. A ever she comes up into broad day she might be in man is more sure of his conduct, when the verdict danger of being taken, unless she were thus affect- which he passes upon his own behaviour is thus ed by a light striking upon her eye, and immedi-warranted and confirmed by the opinion of all that ately warning her to bury herself in her proper know him. element. More sight would be useless to her, as none at all might be fatal. My worthy friend Sir Roger is one of those who is not only at peace within himself, but beloved I have only instanced such animals as seem the and esteemed by all about him. He receives a most imperfect works of nature; and if Provi. suitable tribute for his universal benevolence to dence shows itself even in the blemishes of these mankind, in the returns of affection and good-will creatures, how much more does it discover itself in which are paid him by every one that lives within the several endowments which it has variously be- his neighbourhood. I lately met with two or three stowed upon such creatures as are more or less odd instances of that general respect which is shown finished and completed in their several faculties, to the good old knight. He would needs carry according to the condition of life in which they are posted. I could wish our Royal Society would compile a • On the Nature of final Causes. Boyle's Works, vol, iv. fol. edit Will Wimble* and myself with him to the country assizes. As we were upon the road Will Wimble joined a couple of plain men who rid before us, and conversed with them for some time; during *See Nos. 103, 119, 126, and 131. at co Servat fter all De ta ted in. Tosiders Cures which my friend Sir Roger acquainted me with him most; at the same time that the ordinary people pounds a year, an honest man. He is just within. In our return home we met with a very odd acthe game-act, and qualified to kill an hare or a cident; which I cannot forbear relating, because pheasant. He knocks down a dinner with his gun it shows how desirous all who know Sir Roger are twice or thrice a week; and by that means lives of giving him marks of their esteem. When we much cheaper than those who have not so good an were arrived upon the verge of his estate, we stopestate as himself. He would be a good neighbour ped at a little inn to rest ourselves and our horses. if he did not destroy so many partridges. In short, The man of the house had, it seems, been formerly he is a very sensible man; shoots flying; and has a servant in the knight's family; and to do honour been several times foreman of the petit-jury. to his old master, had some time since, unknown 'The other that rides along with him is Tom to Sir Roger, put him up in a sign-post before the Touchy, a fellow famous for "taking the law" of door; so that the knight's head had hung out upon s hide every body. There is not one in the town where the road about a week before be himself knew any he lives that he has not sued at a quarter-sessions. thing of the matter. As soon as Sir Roger was The rogue had once the impudence to go to law acquainted with it, finding that his servant's indiswith the widow. His head is full of costs, damages, cretion proceeded wholly from affection and goodand ejectments. He plagued a couple of honest will, he only told him that he had made him too gentlemen so long for a trespass in breaking one of high a compliment; and when the fellow seemed his hedges, till he was forced to sell the ground it to think that could hardly be, added with a more inclosed to defray the charges of the prosecution: decisive look, that it was too great an honour for his father left him fourscore pounds a year; but he any man under a duke; but told him at the same has cast and been cast so often, that he is not now time, that it might be altered with a very few worth thirty. I suppose he is going upon the old touches, and that he himself would be at the business of the willow-tree.' charge of it. Accordingly they got a painter, by As Sir Roger was giving me this account of Tom the knight's directions, to add a pair of whiskers to Touchy, Will Wimble and his two companions the face, and by a little aggravation of the features, stopped short till we came up to them. After hav- to change it into the Saracen's Head. I should not ing paid their respects to Sir Rodger, Will told him have known this story, had not the inn-keeper, that Mr. Touchy and he must appeal to him upon upon Sir Roger's alighting, told him in my hearing, a dispute that arose between them. Will it seems that his honour's head was brought back last night had been giving his fellow-traveller an account of his with the alterations that he had ordered to be made angling one day in such a hole: when Tom Touchy, in it. Upon this my friend, with his usual cheerfulinstead of hearing out his story, told him that Mr. ness, related the particulars above mentioned, and Such-a-one, if he pleased, might take the law of ordered the head to be brought into the room. I him,' for fishing in that part of the river. My friend could not forbear discovering greater expressions Sir Roger heard them both, upon a round trot; of mirth than ordinary upon the appearance of and after having paused some time told them, with this monstrous face, under which, notwithstanding the air of a man who would not give his judgment it was made to frown and stare in a most extrarashly, that much might be said on both sides.' ordinary manner, I could still discover a distant They were neither of them dissatisfied with the resemblance of my old friend. Sir Roger, upon knight's determination, because neither of them seeing me laugh, desired me to tell him truly if I found himself in the wrong by it. Upon which we thought it possible for people to know him in that made the best of our way to the assizes. disguise. I at first kept my usual silence; but The court was sat before Sir Roger came; but upon the knight's conjuring me to tell him whether notwithstanding all the justices had taken their it was not still more like himself than a Saracen, I places upon the bench, they made room for the composed my countenance in the best manner I old knight at the head of them; who for his repu- could, and replied, that much might be said on tation in the country took occasion to whisper in both sides.' the judge's ear, that he was glad his lordship had These several adventures, with the knight's be. met with so much good weather in his circuit. Ihaviour in them, gave me as pleasant a day as ever was listening to the proceeding of the court with I met with in any of my travels. much attention, and infinitely pleased with that great appearance of solemnity which so properly * This day is published, The Farthingale revived; accompanies such a public administration of our or More Work for the Cooper. A panegyric on the laws; when, after an hour's sitting, I observed, to late, but most admirable invention of the hoop petticoat. my great surprise, in the midst of a trial, that my Written at the Bath. friend Sir Rodger was getting up to speak. I was in some pain for him, until I found he had acquitted himself of two or three sentences, with a look of much business and great intrepidity. Upon his first rising the court was hushed, and a general whisper ran among the country people, that Sir Roger' was up.' The speech he made was so little to the purpose, that I shall not trouble my readers with an account of it; and I believe was not so much designed by the knight himself to inform the court, as to give him a figure in my eye, and keep up his credit in the country. I was highly delighted, when the court rose, to ee the gentlemen of the country gathering about As 1 was yesterday taking the air with my friend my old friend, and striving who should compliment Sir Roger, we were met by a fresh-coloured ruddy U young man, who rid by us full speed, with a couple thers about the same time, Eudoxus having a son of servants behind him. Upon my inquiry who he born to him, and Leontine a daughter; but to the was, Sir Roger told me that he was a young gentle-unspeakable grief of the latter, his young wife (in man of a considerable estate, who had been edu-whom all his happiness was wrapped up) died in cated by a tender mother that lived not many miles a few days after the birth of her daughter. His from the place where we were. She is a very good affliction would have been insupportable, had not lady, says my friend, but took so much care of her he been comforted by the daily visits and converson's health, that she has made him good for no-sations of his friend. As they were one day talking thing. She quickly found that reading was bad for together with their usual intimacy, Leontine, conhis eyes, and that writing made his head ache. He sidering how incapable he was of giving his daugh was let loose among the woods as soon as he was ter a proper education in his own house, and Euable to ride on horseback, or to carry a gun upon doxus reflecting on the ordinary behaviour of a his shoulder. To be brief, I found by my friend's son who knows himself to be the heir of a great account of him, that he had got a great stock of estate, they both agreed upon an exchange of chil health, but nothing else; and that if it were adren, namely, that the boy should be bred up with man's business only to live, there would not be a Leontine as his son, and that the girl should live more accomplished young fellow in the whole with Eudoxus as his daughter, until they were each country. of them arrived at years of discretion. The wife The truth of it is, since my residing in these of Eudoxus, knowing that her son could not be so parts I have seen and heard innumerable instances advantageously brought up as under the care of of young heirs and elder brothers, who, either from Leontine, and considering at the same time that he their own reflecting upon the estates they are born would be perpetually under her own eye, was by to,and therefore thinking all other accomplishments degrees prevailed upon to fall in with the project. unnecessary, or from hearing these notions fre. She therefore took Leonilla, for that was the name quently inculcated to them by the flattery of their of the girl, and educated her as her own daughter. servants and domestics, or from the same foolish The two friends on each side had wrought them. thought prevailing in those who have the care of selves to such an habitual tenderness for the chil their education, are of no m.anner of use but to dren who were under their direction, that each of keep up their families, and transmit their lands them had the real passion of a father, where the and houses in a line to posterity. title was but imaginary. Florio, the name of the This makes me often think on a story I have young heir that lived with Leontine, though he heard of two friends, which I shall give my reader had all the duty and affection imaginable for his at large, under feigned names. The moral of it supposed parent, was taught to rejoice at the sight may, I hope, be useful, though there are some cir- of Eudoxus, who visited his friend very frequently, cumstances which make it rather appear like a and was dictated by this natural affection, as well novel, than a true story. as by the rules of prudence, to make himself Eudoxus and Leontine began the world with esteemed and beloved by Florio. The boy was small estates. They were both of them men of now old enough to know his supposed father's cirgood sense and great virtue. They prosecuted their cumstances, and that therefore he was to make his studies together in their earlier years, and entered way in the world by his own industry. This coninto such a friendship as lasted to the end of their sideration grew stronger in him every day, and lives. Eudoxus, at his first setting out in the world, produced so good an effect, that he applied himself threw himself into a court, where by his natural with more than ordinary attention to the pursuit of endowments and his acquired abilities he made every thing which Leontine recommended to him. his way from one post to another, until at length His natural abilities, which were very good, as he had raised a very considerable fortune. Leon-sisted by the directions of so excellent a coun tine, on the contrary, sought all opportunities of sellor, enabled him to make a quicker progress improving his mind by study, conversation, and than ordinary through all the parts of his educatravel. He was not only acquainted with all the tion. Before he was twenty years of age, having sciences, but with the most eminent professors of finished his studies and exercises with great ap them throughout Europe. He knew perfectly well plause, he was removed from the university to the the interests of its princes, with the customs and inns of court, where there are very few that make fashions of their courts, and could scarce meet with themselves considerable proficients in the studies the name of an extraordinary person in the Ga-of the place, who know they shall arrive at great zette whom he had not either talked to or seen. Jestates without them. This was not Florio's case; In short, he had so well mixed and digested his he found that three hundred a year was but a poor knowledge of men and books, that he made one estate for Leontine and himself to live upon, so of the most accomplished persons of his age. Dur-that he studied without intermission till he gained ing the whole course of his studies and travels he a very good insight into the constitution and laws kept up a punctual correspondence with Eudoxus, of his country. who often made himself acceptable to the principal| I should have told my reader, that whilst Florio men about court by the intelligence which he re-lived at the house of his foster father, he was ceived from Leontine. Wen they were both always an acceptable guest in the family of Euturned of forty (an age in which, according to Mr. doxus, where he became acquainted with Leonilla Cowley, there is no dallying with life') they de- from her infancy. His acquaintance with her by termined, pursuant to the resolution they had taken degrees grew into love, which in a mind trained in the beginning of their lives, to retire, and pass up in all the sentiments of honour and virtue be the remainder of their days in the country. In came a very uneasy passion. He despaired of order to this, they both of them married much gaining an heiress of so great a fortune, and would about the same time. Leontine, with his own and rather have died than attempted it by any indirect his wife's fortune, bought a farm of three hundred methods. Leonilla, who was a woman of the a year, which lay within the neighbourhood of his greatest beauty joined with the greatest modesty, friend Eudoxus, who had purchased an estate of entertained at the same time a secret passion for as many thousands. They were both of them fa- Florio, but conducted herself with so much pru aving a s but to the ng wife p) dedi ghter. H ale, bad na and corre dav talk Contine, ce his daug e, and E Vour i of a gr nge of c ed up [up: should be were eart The w 1 not besh the care t me the Te, a he proje git the r the ch at each dence that she never gave him the least intimation in distinct sheets, and as it were by piece-meal, of it. Florio was now engaged in all those arts have none of these advantages. We must immeand improvements that are proper to raise a man's diately fall into our subject, and treat every part private fortune, and give him a figure in his coun-of it in a lively manner, or our papers are thrown try, but secretly tormented with that passion which by as dull and insipid. Our matter must lie close burns with the greatest fury in a virtuous and noble together, and either be wholly new in itself, or in heart, when he received a sudden summons from the turn it receives from our expressions. Were Leontine to repair to him in the country the next the books of our best authors thus to be retailed day: for it seems Eudoxus was so filled with the to the public, and every page submitted to the report of his son's reputation, that he could no taste of forty or fifty thousand readers, I am afraid longer withhold making himself known to him. we should complain of many flat expressions, The morning after his arrival at the house of his trivial observations, beaten topics, and common supposed father, Leontine told him that Eudoxus thoughts, which go off very well in the lump. At had something of great importance to communi- the same time, notwithstanding, some papers may cate to him; upon which the good man embraced be made up of broken hints and irregular sketches, him, and wept. Florio was no sooner arrived at the it is often expected that every sheet should be a great house that stood in his neighbourhood, but kind of treatise, and make out in thought what it Eudoxus took him by the hand, after the first sawants in bulk: that a point of humour should be Jates were over, and conducted him into his closet. worked up in all its parts; and a subject touched He there opened to him the whole secret of his upon in its most essential articles, without the reparentage and education, concluding after this petitions, tautologies, and enlargements, that are manner: 'I have no other way left of acknow-indulged to longer labours. The ordinary writers ledging my gratitude to Leontine, than by marry-of morality prescribe to their readers after the ing you to his daughter. He shall not lose the Galenic way; their medicines are made up in large pleasure of being your father by the discovery I quantities. An essay-writer must practise in the have made to you. Leonilla too shall be still my chemical method, and give the virtue of a full daughter; her filial piety, though misplaced, has draught in a few drops. Were all books reduced been so exemplary, that it deserves the greatest thus to their quintessence, many a bulky author reward I can confer upon it. You shall have the would make his appearance in a penny paper. pleasure of seeing a great estate fall to you, which There would be scarce such a thing in nature as a you would have lost the relish of had you known folio; the works of an age would be contained on yourself born to it. Continue only to deserve it in a few shelves; not to mention millions of volumes, the same manner you did before you were pos- that would be utterly annihilated. sessed of it. I have left your mother in the next I cannot think that the difficulty of furnishing room. Her heart yearns towards you. She is out separate papers of this nature, has hindered making the same discoveries to Leonilla which I authors from communicating their thoughts to the have made to yourself. Florio was so over- world after such a manner: though I must confess whelmed with this profusion of happiness, that he I am amazed that the press should be only made was not able to make a reply, but threw himself use of in this way by news-writers, and the zealots down at his father's feet, and amidst a flood of of parties; as if it were not more advantageous to tears kissed and embraced his knees, asking his mankind, to be instructed in wisdom and virtue, blessing, and expressing in dumb show those senti- than in politics; and to be made good fathers, husments of love, duty, and gratitude, that were too bands, and sons, than counsellors and statesmen. big for utterance. To conclude, the happy pair Had the philosophers and great men of antiquity, were married, and half Eudoxus's estate settled who took so much pains in order to instruct man upon them. Leontine and Eudoxus passed the re-kind, and leave the world wiser and better than mainder of their lives together; and received in they found it; had they, I say, been possessed of the dutiful and affectionate behaviour of Florio the art of printing, there is no question but they and Leonilla the just recompense, as well as the natural effects, of that care which they had bestowed upon them in their education. ADDISON. No 124. MONDAY, JULY 23, 1711. Μέγα βιβλιον, μέγα κακόν. L. would have made such an advantage of it, in dealing out their lectures to the public. Our common prints would be of great use were they thus calculated to diffuse good sense through the bulk of a people, to clear up their understandings, animate their minds with virtue, dissipate the sorrows of a heavy heart, or unbend the mind from its more severe employments with innocent amusements. When knowledge, instead of being bound up in books and kept in libraries and retirements, is thus obtruded upon the public; when it is canvassed in every assembly, and exposed upon every table, I A MAN who publishes his works in a volume, has cannot forbear reflecting upon that passage in the an infinite advantage over one who communicates Proverbs: Wisdom crieth without, she uttereth his writings to the world in loose tracts and single her voice in the streets; she crieth in the chief pieces. We do not expect to meet with any thing place of concourse, in the openings of the gates. in a bulky volume, till after some heavy preamble, In the city she uttereth her words, saying, How and several words of course, to prepare the reader long ye simple ones will ye love simplicity! And for what follows. Nay, authors have established the scorners delight in their scorning? And fools it as a kind of rule, that a man ought to be dull hate knowledge "+ A great book is a great evil. sometimes; as the most severe reader makes allow- The many letters which come to me from perances for many rests and nodding-places in a volu- sons of the best sense in both sexes (for I may minous writer. This gave occasion to the famous pronounce their characters from their way of writGreek proverb which I have chosen for my motto, that a great book is a great evil.' On the contrary, those who publish their thoughts * Meaning the newspapers. † Prov. i. 20, 21, 22. |