Andros, Sir Edmund, 76-78, 80 Anglo-French Wars, colonial, 114–125 Annapolis (in Nova Scotia), 120 Annapolis Convention, the, 234
Anthracite Coal Strike, the, of 1902,
Antietam, Battle of, 491-492 Anti-federalists, the, origin of, 241 Anti-Masons, the, 363
Anti-Masonic Convention, of 1831, 363 "Appeal of the Independent Democrats," the, 440
Appomattox, Lee's surrender, 502-503 Arbitrary arrests, during Civil War,
Arbuthnot, Alexander, 330
Argentine Republic, recognition of, 331 Argonne, Battle of, 776
Argus, the, and Sedition Act, 262 Arizona, admitted to Union, 573
Arkansas, secession of, 469
Armada, Spanish, 24-25
"Armed neutrality," the, 208 Armistice, the, signing of, 778 Armstrong, John, Secretary of War, 293
Army, the, condition of, in 1775, 182 Army, the (Revolutionary) condition of, 187, 192
Arnold Benedict, retreat from Canada, 187; at Saratoga, 191; treason of, 201-202
Arthur, Chester A., removed from office,
614; and election of 1880, 617; adminis- tration of, 619-621
Articles of Confederation, New England,
Articles of Confederation, the, 197- 198; Maryland's influence, 220-221; pro- posed amendments, 229 Assumption of state debts, 246 Astor, John Jacob, 402
Atlanta, capture of, 500
Attorney-general, provision for, 245 Attucks, Crispus, 162
Aurora, the, 258; and Sedition Act, 262 Austin, Moses, in Texas, 396
Australian Ballot, the, 676 Austria, and Holy Alliance, 331
Babcock, Thomas S., 557 Bacon, Nathaniel, 35 Bacon's Rebellion, 34-35 Baer, George F., 708-711
Baker, Newton J., Secretary of War, 762 Ballinger Episode, the, 729 Baltimore Convention, the, 741-742 Baltimore, Lord, see Calvert Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the, 382 Bank of the United States, First, defeat
Bank of the United States, Second,
Jackson's attack on, 361-362, 364-365 Bank, United States, opposed by Tyler, 375
Barn-burners, the, 417
Bates, Edward, Attorney-general, 476 Battles, see under separate headings, as Bunker Hill, Lexington, etc. Beaumarchais, Caron de, aids the United States, 203-205
Beauregard, General Pierre G. T., and Fort Sumter, 476-478; and Battle of Shiloh, 490
Belknap, W. W., and Grant, 558 Bell-Everett Party, the, 465 Bennett, James Gordon, 388 Bennington, Battle of, 191
Benton, Thomas Hart, upholds Jackson, 365; and Oregon, 403; out of Senate, 436
Berkeley, Gov. William, 34-35 Berkshire County, defies state, 195 Berlin Decree, the, 280 Bermuda, the case of, 524 Biddle, Nicholas, and Jackson, 362 Biglow Papers, the, 416 "Big Stick," the, 717
Black Codes, the, 540-541
Black Friday, 560
Black Warrior, the, 430
Blaine, James G., and election of 1876, 566-567; Secretary of State, 618; and Election of 1884, 630-633; Latin-
American policy, 652-654; and Panama Canal, 713
Blair, Francis P., 483
Blair, Montgomery, Postmaster-general, 476
Bland-Allison Act, the, 615-616
Bland, Richard P., 616
Blockade, the, of the Confederacy, 486- 487; British policy, 757-758 Blockade Running, 524 "Bloomsbury Gang," the, 145 "Blue Lodges," in Kansas, 446
Board of Trade, the, 87-88, 95, 120; and Ohio Valley, 111; plan of union, 122 Bonaparte, Napoleon, and Louisiana,
"Bonus Bill," the, of John C. Calhoun, 313
Bonus, the, 802-803 Boone, Daniel, 208
Booth, John Wilkes, 503
Border States, the, during Civil War, 511 Boscawen, Admiral, 122
Boston Caucus Club, 152, 160, 166 Boston Gazette, the, 152, 159
Boston Massacre, the, 161-162
Boston, Siege of, 179, 183
Boston, town of, and Coercive Acts, 175 Boston Port Bill, the, 173-174 Boston "Tea Party," the, 171–172 Boston, Evacuation of, 183
Boundary Disputes, among states, 228 Boutwell, George S., and gold corner, 559-561
Bowdoin, James, and Shays's Rebellion, 231
Bowles, Samuel, cited, 578
Boxer Rebellion, the, 698-699 Braddock, General Edward, 123 Bradford, Governor William, 44 Brady, T. J., and Star Routes, 619 Breckenridge, John C., and campaign of 1860, 466-467
Breda, Declaration of, 66 Brinkerhoff, Joseph, 415
Bristow, Benjamin, and Whiskey Ring,
British Government, restricts American trade, 279
British Honduras, 428
British Imperial Policy, 126
British Trade, importance of, 227
British Troops, sent to Boston, 157; in Boston, 161-162
Brooks, Preston, attacks Sumner, 450- 451
Brotherhoods, the, threatened strike, 760-762
Brown, John, in Kansas, 448; in Virginia, 461-464
Brownists, the, see Pilgrims Bryan, Charles W., 820
Bryan, William Jennings, in 1896, 665- 670; in 1908, 724-725; in 1912, 741- 742; Secretary of State, 745; resigna- tion of, 758-759
Bryant, William Cullen, 387 Buchanan, James, minister to England, 430; and campaign of 1852, 435; and election of 1856, 452; and Kansas, 455-458; attitude toward the Con- federacy, 473-474
Buckner, General Simon B., 489
Buell, General Don Carlos, in Kentucky, 487
Buena Vista, Battle of, 411
Buffalo, the, destruction of, 574
Buford, the, 807
Bull Run, Battle of, 483
Bunker Hill, Battle of, 179, 183
Bunyan, John, 41
Burchard, Rev. Samuel D., and election of 1884, 632-633
Burgoyne, General John, 190-192; sur- render of, 192 Burke, Edmund, 145
Burleson, Albert S., and campaign of 1912, 741; Postmaster-general, 745 Burnside, General Ambrose E., 511; commands Army of Potomac, 492 Burr, Aaron, and election of 1800, 264- 265; and plans for secession, 276-277; and Southwest, 277
Business conditions in United States,
Bute, Earl of, and Seven Years' War, 125 Butler, A. P., attacked by Sumner, 449 Butler, Benjamin F., at New Orleans, 491; and emancipation, 513; and Johnson, 545; and Grant, 556; and salary grab, 557
Butler, William M., 819
Cabinet, the (English), 87, 90 Cabinet, the (United States), origin of, 245; under Jackson, 349; under Lin- coln, 476, 512
Cabot, George, and secession, 276-277, 469; and Hartford convention, 296 Cabot, John, 19, 64
Cadore Letter, the, 286 Cairo, Ill., 487
Calhoun, John C., and tariff of 1816, 305; and Second U. S. Bank, 306; "Bonus Bill," in 1817, 313; presi- dential hopes, 336; and campaign of 1824, 338; and tariff, 342; and cam- paign of 1828, 345; and nullification, 356-358; break with Jackson, 359-360; and Mexico, 414; and Oregon, 415; and Compromise of 1850, 422, 424 California, Polk's plans, 408; taken by U. S., 412-413; gold discovered, 421; frames constitution, 421; enabling
Calvert, Cecil, 36-38
Calvert, George, 35-36 Calvinism, 41
Cameron, Donald, 616
Cameron, Simon, and election of 1860, 466; Secretary of War, 476; and Grant, 556
Canada, trade with, 130, 134; and North-
west, 217; insurrections in, 376; rec- iprocity with, 433-434
Canning, George, and Latin America, 332-333
Cannon, Joseph G., 730
Cape of Good Hope, 11
Cape Verde Islands (Portuguese), 11 Caribbean, the American interests in, 792-798
Carlisle, John G., 638, 650 Carolina, charters, 62-63; settlement of, 62-63
"Caroline Affair," the, 376
Carpet Bag Governments, collapse of, 613
Carpet Baggers, the, 547
Carranza, Venustiano, 752-753 Cass, Lewis, in campaign of 1848, 417; and campaign of 1850, 424, 426; and campaign of 1852, 435; Unionist leader, 436; and Sumner, 449 Caucus, the, and Jefferson, 268-269; objections to, 337
Cedar Creek, Battle of, 498 Censorship, during Civil War, 511 Central Pacific Railroad, the, 577 Cerro Gorde, Battle of, 411 Cervera, Admiral Pascual, 685 Chamberlain, G. E., criticizes War Department, 772-773 Champlain, Samuel De, 115 Chancellorsville, Battle of, 492
Channing, Edward, on causes of panics, 373
Chapters of Erie, 587
Charles I, 45-46, 73, 90
Charles II, 35, 55, 73; interest in colo- nization, 61-67 Charles V, 15
Charleston (S. C.), and East India Co's tea, 173; capture of, 502 Charters, Carolina, 62-63; Connecticut, 56; Georgia, 70; Massachusetts (first), 45; Massachusetts (second), 86; Penn- sylvania, 68; Rhode Island, 55; Vir- ginia, 26-27; Virginia (second), 29; Virginia (revocation of), 31-32 Chase, Salmon P., and abolitionism, 437; and Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 440; Secre- tary of the Treasury, 476; Civil War Finance, 505-506; and emancipation, 513; and election of 1868, 554-555
Château-Thierry, Battle of, 774 Chattanooga, capture of, 496-497 Cherokees, the, and Georgia, 344, 353 Chesapeake and Leopard, the, 281-282 Chicago Times, the, 511
Chickamauga, Battle of, 496
Chile, recognition of, 331; and U. S., 653
China, treaty with, 433; Hay's policy, 696-698
Cipher Telegrams, and election of 1876,
Circuit Courts, federal, organization of, 245
Circular Letter, the, 157 Civil Rights Bill, the, 541 Civil Rights Act, the, 550
Civil Service, Jefferson's changes in, 269; four-year term, 340; under Jackson, 350-352
Civil Service Reform, demanded by Liberals, 563; in Hayes' administra- tion, 614-615; in Arthur administra- tion, 620-621
Civil War, the, influence of Abolitionists, 393-394; causes of, 478-480; general account of, 478-529; results of, 530 Clarendon Code, 66
Clark, Champ, Speaker, 732; in Balti- more Convention, 742 Clark, George Rogers, 209-210, 219 Clay, Henry, and War of 1812, 287; character (at Ghent), 298; at Ghent, 300; and the American System, 303; and 2nd U. S. Bank, 306; and Latin America, 328; presidential hopes, 337; Secretary of State, 339; Compromise Tariff, 357; in Campaign of 1840, 373-374; and President Harrison, 375; Whig nominee, 1844, 401; and Cam- paign of 1848, 418; and Compromise of 1850, 422-427; death, 436 Clayton Anti-Trust Act, the, 749 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, the, 428-430,
Clemenceau, Georges, 783-784 Clermont, the, 314
Cleveland, Grover, and election 1884, 631-633; first administration, 633-639; and campaign of 1888, 639; second election, 647; second term, 648-657; unpopularity of, 660; and Cuba, 678- 680; and Panama Canal, 713 Clipper Ship, the, 385-386 Coal Strike, the, 1920, 806 Cobb, Howell, elected Speaker, 422; and Compromise of 1850, 426 Cody, Colonel William F., 575, 577 Coercive Acts, the, 173-174
Cohens vs. the State of Virginia, 316 Coin's Financial School, 659-660 Colombia, recognition of, 331; rejects Hay-Herran Treaty, 714; attempts to conciliate, 753-754
Colonial administration, British, 85-89 Colonial Agents, the, 96
Colonial legislatures, controversies in, 155-156
Colonies, attitude toward Parliament, 91
Colonization, Spanish, 16-18
Colorado, admitted to Union, 573 Columbia, capture of, 502
O Columbia River, 402
Columbian Centinel, the, 258 Columbus, Christopher, 11-13 Commerce (Medieval), 6–7 Commerce, in Europe, 6-7; in New York, 65; in "Critical Period," 226-227; regulation of in federal convention, 237; American, 244-245; American, 1791-1801, 253-254; American, 1801- 1807, 278; West Indian Trade, 352; 1840-1860, 385
Commercial policy, British, 80-85 Committees of Correspondence, in Mass.,
166-167; in Virginia, 167
Committee for Foreign Plantations, 85 Common Sense, influence of, 183-184 Compromise of 1850, the, 417-427 Compromises, the, in Federal Convention, 236-238
Conciliation, failure of attempts, 186 Concord, Battle of, 179
Confederacy, the, organization of Govern- ment, 469-470; resources of, in 1861, 481-482; economic conditions in, 1861- 1865, 508-509
Congress, First Continental, 175–178 Congress, Second Continental, 179, 181 Congress, financial difficulties of, 229; Lincoln's attitude toward, 534; in Harding Administration, 815-816 Congressional Campaign Committee, the,
Congressional Reconstruction, 538–552 Conkling, Roscoe, and Grant, 556; and Blaine, 567; and reform, 614, 616; and Garfield, 618 Connecticut, settlement of, 55-56; char- ter, 56, 77; keeps Colonial charter, 196; grievance against New York, 228; Resolutions on States Rights, 294 Conscription, Daniel Webster on, 295 Conscription Act, of 1863, 511 Conservation, Roosevelt's policies, 722; Taft's policy, 729
Conservatives, attitude toward Stamp Act Riots, 151-162
Conservative Reaction, before Revolu- tion, 163-166
Constitution, the, summary of, 238-241
ratification of, 241-243; Calhoun's theory of, 343
Constitution, the, and the Guerrière, 291 Constitutional Union Party, the, 465 Contesting delegations, in 1912, 735–736 Continental Association, the, 178 Continental Congress, see Congress Continental System, the, of Napoleon, 279-280
Continuous Voyage, doctrine of, 524 Controversies, Colonial Assemblies vs. Governors, 93-96 Convention of 1800, the, 261 Conventions, nominating, first used, 363-364
Cooke, Jay, and Panic of 1873, 565 Coolidge, Calvin, and election of 1920, 801; administration of, 817-823; and campaign of 1924, 819-823
Cooper, Anthony Ashley, Earl of Shaftes bury, 62
Corbin, A. R., and gold corner, 559–561 Cornell, Alonzo B., removed from office,
Cornwallis, Lord, in New Jersey, 189; at Yorktown, 210-212
"Corrupt Bargain" Charge, the, in 1824,
Cortez, Hernando, 15
Cotton Culture, growth of, 318-320, 383 Cotton Gin, invention of, 318 Cotton, manufacturing in New England, 304; manufacturing, 580 Council for Foreign Plantations, 67 Council of Four, the, 783 Council of National Defense, the, 769 Council of Ten, the, 783
Courts, prevented from meeting, 194-
Cox, James M., and election of 1920, 800-801
Crawford, William H., presidential hopes, 336; and campaign of 1824, 338; and Civil Service, 340; and Jackson, 360 Credit Mobilier, the, 557 Creek Indians, the, treaty with, 249; in Georgia, 344, 353
"Crime against Kansas," the, 449-451 "Crime of 1873," the, 615 Crittenden Compromise, the, 474 Croatoan, 24
Croker, Richard, 608-609 Cromwell, Oliver, 59, 62, 82-83 Crown Point, 120, 122, 123, 182 Crusades, 6
Cuba, returned to Spain, 125; U. S. interest in, 430; conditions in, 1898, 678-680; independence of, 689; re- organization of, 691-693 Cumberland Road, the, 313 Customs Board, English, 88 Customs Commissioners, 87 Customs Commissioners, American Board of, the, 155, 157, 161 Cutler, Rev. Manesseh, 222-224 Czolgosz, Franz, 701
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