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CHAPTER
V
CONTENTS
I. THE EUROPEAN BACKGROUND.
Introduction, 3; Feudal Europe, 4; Decline of Feudalism, 5;
Medieval Commerce, 6-9; Portuguese Exploration, 9-11;
Columbus, 11-14.
II. ANGLO-SPANISH RIVALRY, 1500-1600..
Spanish Exploration, 15-16; The Spanish Empire, 16-18;
English Economic Interests, 18-21; English Seamen, 21–24;
The Spanish Armada, 24-25.
III. THE SETTLEMENT OF VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND...
The Jamestown Settlement, 26-29; Tobacco, 29-30; Govern-
ment, 30-32; Social Conditions, 32-34; Bacon's Rebellion,
34-35; Maryland, 35-38.
PAGE
3
15
26
IV. PLYMOUTH AND MASSACHUSETTS BAY...
40
Puritanism, 40-42; the Pilgrims, 42-45; The Massachusetts
Bay Co., 45-46; The Massachusetts Bay Colony, 46–50.
V. THE EXPANSION OF NEW ENGLAND.
51
Roger Williams, 51-53; Anne Hutchinson, 53-55; Connecticut,
55-56; New Haven, 56; the New England Confederation,
56-60.
VI. ENGLISH COLONIZATION AFTER 1660.
61
The Restoration, 61-62; Carolina, 62-63; New York, 64-66;
Charles II, 66-67; Pennsylvania, 67-69; Georgia, 69–71.
VII. NEW ENGLAND versus ENGLAND, 1660-1689....
72
English Investigations, 73-76; Sir Edmund Andros, 76–78;
The Quakers, 78-79.
VIII. THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL SYSTEM.
80
Mercantilism, 80-83; The Navigation Acts, 83-85; Colonial
Administration, 85-89.
IX. THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT...
Colonial Legislatures, 90–96.
90
X. THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLONIES...
Colonial Growth, 97; South Carolina, 98-99; The Tobacco
Colonies, 99-100; The Middle Colonies, 100-101; New
England, 101-105.
97
XI. THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT BEFORE 1770....
The Frontier, 106-108; German Immigration, 108; Scotch-
Irish Immigration, 108-111; The Ohio Valley, 111–113.
106
XII. THE EXPULSION OF THE FRENCH..
114
French Colonization, 114-116; Anglo-French Wars, 116-120;
The Albany Congress, 120-122; The Seven Years' War,
123-125.
XIII. ANGLO-AMERICAN RELATIONS, 1755–1763. .
Colonial Contributions to the Seven Years' War, 126-130;
War-Time Trade with the French, 130-133; Writs of
Assistance, 133-134; The West, 134-135; Pontiac's Con-
spiracy, 135-137; The Proclamation of 1763, 137–139.
126
XIV. EARLY STAGES OF THE REVOLUTION.
140
The "Parsons' Cause," 140-142; Representation in Pennsyl-
vania, 142-144; British Politics, 144-146; The Sugar Act,
146-148; The Stamp Act, 148–153.
XV. PRE-REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS.
154
The Townshend Acts, 154-156; Non-Importation, 156-159;
Radical Progress, 160-161; The Boston Massacre, 161-162;
The Gasper Affair, 162-163; The Conservative Reaction,
163-166; Committees of Correspondence, 166-169.
XVI. THE BREAK WITH GREAT BRITAIN..
169
The Tea Act, 169-171; The Boston "Tea Party," 171-173;
The Coercive Acts, 173-174; The Quebec Act, 174; Oppo-
sition to the North Measures, 175; The First Continental
Congress, 176-178; April 19, 1775, 179-180.
XVII. THE WAR IN THE NORTH . . .
181
Early Military Operations, 181-183; The Declaration of Inde-
pendence, 183-185; Operations Around New York, 185-
190; The Saratoga Campaign, 190-192.
XVIII. REVOLUTIONARY PROBLEMS.
193
Revolutionary Changes, 193-196; State Governments, 196–
197; The Articles of Confederation, 197–199; The Loyalists,
199-201; Benedict Arnold, 201-202.
vii
XIX. FOREIGN RELATIONS AND THE END OF THE WAR..
Beaumarchais, 203-205; The Franco-American Treaties, 205–
206; Spanish Policies, 206-208; The War in the West, 208-
210; The War in the South, 210-212; The Peace Negotia-
tions, 212-215; The Peace of Paris, 215.
XX. PROBLEMS OF THE FRONTIER, 1783-1787. . . . . . . .
The Northwest Posts, 216-217; The Right of Deposit, 217-219;
The Florida Boundary, 219-220; The Ordinance of 1787,
220-224.
XXI. PROBLEMS OF READJUSTMENT.
203
216
225
Commerce, 225-227; Financial Difficulties, 228-229; Shays's
Rebellion, 230-232.
XXII. THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION:
233
The Federal Convention, 233-236; The Compromises, 236-
238; The Constitution, 238-241; Ratification, 241-243.
XXIII. THE NEW GOVERNMENT AT WORK.
244
Constructive Legislation, 244–246; Hamilton's Financial
Policy, 246-247; The Whiskey Rebellion, 247-248; The
Return of Prosperity, 248-249; The Northwest Indians,
249-250; The French Revolution, 250-251; The Genêt
Affair, 251-253; Neutral Trade, 253-254; The Jay Treaty, 254-256.
XXIV. JOHN ADAMS..
Political Parties, 257-259; The X. Y. Z. Affair, 259-261; The
Alien and Sedition Acts, 261-262; The Virginia and Ken-
tucky Resolutions, 262-263; The Election of 1800, 263-
265.
257
XXV. THE JEFFERSONIAN REFORMS...
266
Jefferson the Man, 266-267; The Jeffersonian Program, 267-
270; War with Tripoli, 270; The Louisiana Purchase, 271-
276; Federalist Opposition, 276–277.
XXVI. EMBARGO AND NON-INTERCOURSE.
278
English Orders and French Decrees, 278-281; The Chesapeake
and Leopard, 281-282; The Embargo, 283; President Mad-
ison, 284-285; Non-Intercourse, 285-286.
XXVII. THE WAR OF 1812...
287
The Declaration of War, 287-291; The Navy, 291-292; The
Capture of Washington, 292–293; New Orleans, 293; The
Hartford Convention, 293–297; Peace Negotiations, 297-
300; The Treaty of Ghent, 300-301.
XXVIII. THE PERIOD OF TRANSITION, 1815-1825...
The American System, 302-303; Industrial Development,
303-306; The New West, 306-309; American Traits, 309-
313; Internal Improvements, 313-315; The Supreme
Court, 315-317.
302
XXIX. COTTON CULTURE AND SLAVERY.
318
Cotton Culture, 318-320; Slavery, 320-322; The Missouri
Compromise, 322–325.
XXX. THE MONROE DOCTRINE.
326
Latin American Independence, 326-328; Florida, 328-331; the
Holy Alliance; 331-334; the Monroe Doctrine, 334-335.
XXXI. POLITICS AND DEMOCRACY, 1820-1826..
336
The New Democracy, 336-337; the Election of 1824, 337-340;
John Quincy Adams as President, 340-341; the Tariff, 341-
342; John C. Calhoun, 342-344; the Georgia Indians, 344;
the Election of 1828, 344-346.
XXXII. THE JACKSONIAN ERA..
347
Andrew Jackson, 347-350; the Spoils system, 350-353; Jackson
and Georgia, 353; Webster vs. Hayne, 353-356; Nullifica-
tion, 356-358.
XXXIII. JACKSON'S TRIUMPH..
359
Jacksonian Politics, 359-361; Jackson and the Bank, 361-363;
the Anti-Masons, 363; Party Conventions, 363–364; Re-
moval of the Deposits, 364-365; Speculation, 365-370.
XXXIV. DEMOCRATS versus WHIGS, 1837-1845..
371
The Panic of 1837, 371-373; the Campaign of 1840, 373-375;
President Harrison, 375; President Tyler, 375–377.
XXXV. CHANGING SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS,
1830-1860...
378
Labor Troubles, 378-381; Agriculture, 381; the Railroad, 382-
383; the Plantation System, 383-384; Immigration, 385-
386.
XXXVI. THE ABOLITIONIST CRUSADE.
387
The Era of Reform, 387-389; the Abolitionists, 389-390; Gar-
rison, 390-395.
XXXVII. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION..
Texas, 396-398; Texan Independence, 398-400; Annexation,
400-401; Oregon, 401-404.
XXXVIII. THE WAR WITH MEXICO.
Mexican Hostility, 405-407; the Slidell Mission, 407-409; the
War with Mexico, 409-413; the Treaty of Guadalupe-
Hidalgo, 413-414; the Wilmot Proviso, 415-416.
ix
396
405
XXXIX. THE COMPROMISE OF 1850...
417
The Election of 1848, 417-419; the Whig Inheritance, 419-422;
the "Omnibus Bill," 422-424; the Compromise, 424 425;
the Fugitive Slave Act, 425-427.
XL. FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1850-1860.
428
Isthmian Diplomacy, 428-430; Cuba, 430; Nicaragua, 431;
Mexico, 431-433; Japan, 433-434.
XLI. THE SLAVERY DISPUTE REVIVED.
435
The Election of 1852, 435; the New Leaders, 436-438; the Kan-
sas-Nebraska Bill, 438-443; the Republican Party, 443-
445; Civil War in Kansas, 445-449; Charles Sumner,
449-451.
XLII. POLITICS AND SLAVERY, 1856–1860...
The Campaign of 1856, 452-453; Buchanan and Kansas, 453-
458; the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 458-461; the John
Brown Raid, 461-464; the Campaign of 1860, 464–467.
XLIII. SECESSION AND WAR..
The Secession of South Carolina, 468-469; the Confederate
Government, 469-473; Buchanan's Policy, 473-474; At-
tempt at Compromise, 474-475; the Lincoln Administra-
tion, 475-477; Fort Sumter, 477–480.
452
468
XLIV. MILITARY ACTIVITIES, 1861-1865.
The Resources Compared, 481-482; Bull Run, 483-484; the
Peninsula Campaign, 484-486; the Blockade, 486-487;
Western Campaign, 487-491; Antietam, 491-493; Gettys-
burg, 493-494; Vicksburg, 495-496; Chattanooga, 496-497;
the Wilderness, 497-499; Sherman's Advance, 499-501;
the March to Savannah, 501-502; the End of the War,
502-504.
481