of this arrangement was the appointment of tw vincial chiefs of the clergy, with the title of Sup The gover ents: in other respects it was copied from the terian model established at Geneva. the church was carried on by presbyteries, sy general assemblies. Still, however, the bish having been formally deprived by the parlia tained their sees; and successors even conti But the some time, to be appointed to those of them with the consent of the church. Assembly soon began to set itself against that In 1574 they enacted that the jurisdiction o should not exceed that of superintendents; in declared the title of bishop to be common to that hath a particular flock over which he hath charge; in 1577 they ordained that all bisho be in future called by their own names inste those of their dioceses; and in 1580 they un voted episcopacy to be unscriptural and unla 1581 they drew up and agreed upon a new Policy, wherein no mention was made of eithe or superintendents, except that pastors or mi A congregations were stated to be sometimes called "because they watch over their flock."* 1592, the Presbyterian form of church gover general assemblies, provincial synods, presbyte kirk sessions, received the full sanction of parlia 1597, however, an act was passed, to which the Assembly assented the following year, for the ment to seats in parliament of certain represen the clergy-an innovation which in some degre the order of bishops substantially, though not This was the legal constitution of the Scottish the close of the present period. * See this scheme, which is called the 'Secon Discipline,' in Calderwood, pp. 102-116. of twelve proof Superintend m the Presby government of es, synods, and e bishops, not parliament, recontinued, for hem who died, the General t that anomaly. Sion of bishops in 1576 they to every one math a peculiar bishops should instead of by y unanimously unlawful. In new Book of ither bishops ministers of alled bishops, At last, in vernment by byteries, and rliament. In the General the appointsentatives of ree restored ot in name. h church at nd Book of BOOK VII. THE PERIOD FROM THE ACCESSION OF JAMES L. TO 1603 James I. FRANCE. 1610 Louis XIII. GERMANY. 1612 Matthias. SPAIN. 1621 Philip IV. PORTUGAL. 1640 John IV. 1656 Alfonso VI. SWEDEN. 1604 Charles IX. 1632 Christina. DENMARK. 1648 Frederick III. POPES. 1605 Leo XI. 1623 Urban VIII. 1644 Innocent X. 1655 Alexander VII. As soon as Elizabeth breathed her last, Lady a daughter of her relative, the late Lord Hunsdor municated the intelligence to her brother, Sir Carey, who had been on the watch; and who, an ing Cecil and the other lords of the council, stole the palace at Richmond, where the queen had at three o'clock on the morning of Thursday, th of March, and posted down to Scotland, in orde the first to hail James Stuart as king of England. tender relative arrived at Edinburgh on the ni Saturday the 26th, four days before Sir Charles and Thomas Somerset, Esq., who were despatch the council; but it was agreed with James to ke great matter a secret, until the formal despatch Sir Robert Care London should reach him. scarcely taken horse for the north when Cecil, N ham, Egerton and others, met in secret debate a mond at an early hour, before the queen's dea known; and these lords "knowing above all things to be most dangerous," proceeded at once to L and drew up a proclamation in the name "of th spiritual and temporal, united and assisted with th queen's council, other principal gentlemen, the mayor, aldermen, and citizens of London, a multit other good subjects and commons of the realm." proclamation bore thirty-six signatures, the thr being those of Robert Lee, lord mayor of Lond Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Lord Keeper, ton; the three last, those of Secretary Sir Robert Sir J. Fortescue, and Sir John Popham. It was and ready about five hours after Elizabeth's decease Lady Scrope, s death was m. "This then those who had signed it went out of the council chamber at Whitehall, with Secretary Cecil at their head, who had taken the chief direction of the business, and who in the front of the palace read to the people the proclamation, which assured them that the queen's majesty was really dead, and that the right of succession was wholly in James king of Scots, now king of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. They then went to the High Cross in Cheapside, where Cecil again read the proclamation, and when he had done, "the multitude with one consent cried aloud. God save King James!"" for all parties, or rather the three great religious sects, High Churchmen, Puritans, and Papists, all promised themselves advantages from his accession. Cecil next caused three heralds and a trumpeter to proclaim the said tidings within the walls of the Tower, where the heart of many a state-prisoner leaped for joy, and where the Earl of Southampton, the friend of the unfortunate Essex, joined the rest in their signs of great gladness.* Of the other thirteen or fourteen conflicting claims to the succession which had been reckoned up at different times during Elizabeth's reign, not one appears to have been publicly mentioned, or even alluded to; and the right of James was allowed to pass unquestioned. Such had been the able management of Cecilsuch was the readiness of the nation to acknowledge the Scottish king, or their laudable anxiety to avoid a disputed succession and civil war. There was one person, however, whose claim excited uneasiness in the cautious mind of Cecil,-this was the Lady Arabella Stuart, daughter of the Earl of Lennox, younger brother of James's father, Darnley, and descended equally from the stock of Henry VII.† This Stow. Weldon. - Osborne. Memoirs of Sir Robert Carey. + James's claim, however, was not at all through his father Lord Darnley, but through his mother, who, as the grand-daughter of James IV. by his wife Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII, was, after Elizabeth, the next representative of that king. The Lady Arabella and her young lady was by birth an English woman, a stance which had been considered by some as m for her defect of primogeniture, for James, though was a born Scotchman and alien. Cecil for some had his eye upon the Lady Arabella, and she safe in his keeping. Eight hundred dangerous d lent persons, indistinctly described as "vagabonds seized in two nights in London, and sent to s board the Dutch fleet. No other outward precauti deemed necessary by the son of Burghley, who waited the coming of James and his own great without asking for any pledge for the privileges liament, the liberties of the people, or the re abuses which had grown with the growing prerog the crown. But these were things altogether over not only by Cecil and Nottingham and those wh with them, but also by the parties opposed to th most remarkable man among whom was Sir Raleigh, who, like all the other courtiers or sta looked entirely to his own interest or aggrandisem Between the spiritual pride and obstinacy of his the turbulent, intriguing habits of his nobles, a own poverty, James had led rather a hard life i land. He was eager to take possession of England he looked upon as the very Land of Promise; poor was he that he could not begin his journe Cecil sent him down money. He asked for the jewels of England for the queen his wife; but the cil did not think fit to comply with this request: the 6th day of April, he set out for Berwick, witho or jewels. On arriving at that ancient town he fi with his own hand, a great piece of ordnance, an effort of courage on his part. On the same day he to his "right trusty and right well-beloved cousi counsellors, the lords and others of his privy cou London," thanking them for the money which th |