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ftriketh up a great Heat in Summer, and much Cold in Winter; but only fome Side Alleys with a Cross, and the Quarters to Graze, being kept Shorn, but not too near Shorn. The Row of Return on the Banquet Side, let it be all Stately Galleries; in which Galleries let there be three or five fine Cupolas in the Length of it, placed at equal distance; and fine coloured Windows of feveral works. On the Household Side, Chambers of Prefence and ordinary Entertainments, with fome Bed-Chambers; and let all three Sides, be a double House, without thorough Lights on the Sides, that you may have Rooms from the Sun, both for Forenoon and Afternoon. Caft it also, that you may have Rooms both for Summer and Winter; Shady for Summer, and Warm for Winter. You shall have sometimes fair Houses fo full of Glass that one cannot tell where to become to be out of the Sun or Cold. For Embowed Windows I hold them of good Use (in Cities indeed, upright do better, in respect of the Uniformity towards the Street), for they be pretty Retiring Places for Conference; and befides, they keep both the Wind and Sun off; for that which would ftrike almoft through the Room, doth scarce pass the Window. But let them be but few, Four in the Court, on the Sides only.

Beyond this Court, let there be an inward Court, of the fame Square and Height, which is to be environed with the Garden, on all Sides: and in the Infide cloistered on all Sides upon decent and beautiful Arches, as High as the first Story. On the under Story, towards the Garden, let it be turned

to a Grotto, or Place of Shade, or Eftivation. And only have opening and Windows towards the Garden, and be level upon the Floor, no whit funk under Ground, to avoid all Dampishness. And let there be a Fountain, or fome fair Work of Statuas, in the Midft of this Court; and to be paved as the other Court was. Thefe Buildings to be for privy Lodgings on both Sides, and the End for privy Galleries; whereof you must foresee that one of them be for an Infirmary, if the Prince or any Special Person should be Sick, with Chambers, Bedchamber, Anti-camera, and Recamera, joining to it. This upon the Second Story. Upon the Ground Story, a fair Gallery, open, upon Pillars; and upon the Third Story likewife, an open Gallery upon Pillars, to take the Profpect and Freshness of the Garden. At both Corners of the further Side, by way of Return, let there be two delicate or rich Cabinets, daintily paved, richly hanged, glazed with cryftalline Glafs, and a rich Cupola in the Midft; and all other Elegancy that can be thought upon. In the Upper Gallery too, I wish that there may be, if the Place will yield it, fome Fountains running in divers Places from the Wall, with some fine Avoidances. And thus much for the Model of the Palace; fave that you must have, before you come to the Front, three Courts: a Green Court Plain, with a Wall about it; a Second Court of the fame, but more garnished with little Turrets, or rather Embellishments, upon the Wall; and a Third Court, to make a Square with the Front, but

4 Eftivation, i. e. fummer retreat.

not to be built, nor yet enclosed with a Naked Wall, but enclosed with Terraces leaded aloft, and fairly garnished on the three Sides; and cloistered on the Infide with Pillars, and not with Arches Below. As for Offices, let them ftand at Distance, with fome low Galleries to pass from them to the Palace itself.

XLVI. Of Gardens.

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OD Almighty firft planted a Garden; and indeed, it is the pureft of Human Pleasures. It is the greatest Refreshment to the Spirits of Man; without which Buildings and Palaces are but grofs Handyworks and a Man fhall ever fee, that when Ages grow to Civility and Elegancy, Men come to Build Stately, fooner than to Garden finely; as if Gardening were the greater Perfection. I do hold it, in the royal Ordering of Gardens, there ought to be Gardens for all the Months in the Year; in which, feverally, Things of Beauty may be then in Seafon. For December and January, and the Latter Part of November, you must take fuch Things as are Green all Winter; Holly, Ivy, Bays, Juniper, Cypress Trees, Yew, Pine-apple Trees, Fir Trees, Rosemary, Lavender; Periwinkle, the white, the purple, and the blue; Germander, Flags, Orange Trees, Lemon Trees, and

1

1 i. e. The Pine, of which feveral forts were then cultivated.

2

Myrtles, if they be stoved; and Sweet Marjoram warm fet. There followeth, for the latter Part of January, and February, the Mezereon Tree, which then bloffoms; Crocus vernus, both the yellow, and the gray; Primroses, Anemonies, the early Tulipa, Hyacinthus Orientalis, Chamairis, Fritellaria. For March there come Violets, fpecially the fingle blue, which are the earliest; the Yellow Daffodil, the Daify, the Almond Tree in bloffom, the Peach Tree in bloffom, the Cornelian Tree in bloffom, Sweet Briar. In April follow the double white Violet, the Wallflower, the Stock Gilliflower, the Cowflip, Flower de Luces, and Lilies of all natures, Rosemary Flowers, the Tulipa, the Double Peony, the pale Daffodil, the French Honeyfuckle, the Cherry Tree in bloffom, the Damafcene and Plum Trees in bloffom, the Whitethorn in leaf, the Lilac Tree. In May, and June come Pinks of all forts, specially the Blush Pink; Rofes of all kinds, except the Musk, which comes later; Honeyfuckles, Strawberries, Buglofs, Columbine, the French Marygold, Flos Africanus, Cherry Tree in Fruit, Ribes, Figs in Fruit, Rafps, Vine Flowers, Lavender in Flowers, the Sweet Satyrian, with the White Flower; Herba Muscaria, Lilium Convallium, the Apple Tree in blossom. In July come Gilliflowers of all varieties, Musk Roses, the Lime Tree in bloffom, early Pears, and Plums in Fruit,

2 The edition of 1625 has ftirred, which is altered to floved in that of 1629, and that is the true reading as the Latin translation fhows, which renders it "Si calidariis conferventur.”

4

Gennitings, Quodlins. In August, come Plums of all forts in fruit, Pears, Apricocks, Barberries, Filberds, Mufk-Melons, Monks Hoods of all colours. In September come Grapes, Apples, Poppies of all colours, Peaches, Melo-Cotones, Nectarines, Cornelians, Wardens, Quinces, In October and the beginning of November come Services, Medlars, Bullaces, Rofes cut or removed to come late, Hollyoaks, and fuch like. These particulars are for the climate of London: but my meaning is perceived that you may have Ver perpetuum, as the place affords.5

And because the Breath of Flowers is far Sweeter in the Air (where it comes and goes, like the Warbling of Mufick) than in the Hand, therefore nothing is more fit for that delight than to know what be the Flowers and Plants that do best perfume the Air. Rofes, Damask and Red, are faft6 Flowers of their Smells; fo that you may walk by a whole row of them, and find nothing of their Sweetness; yea though it be in a Morning's Dew. Bays, likewise, yield no Smell as they grow; Rofemary little, nor Sweet Marjoram that which,

› Gennitings, an early apple, its true name June eating. Quedlins, i. e. Codlins, a boiling apple.

4 Melo-cotone, a kind of quince. Cornelians, the Cornel or Cornelian cherry-tree. Wardens, a keeping pear, by the French called Poire de garde.

5 In Mr. Montagu's edition this paffage has been, I know not on what authority, altered in the following manner: "Thus if you will, you may have the Golden Age again, and a Spring all the year long." The allufion is probably to Virg. Geor. ii. 149.

6" Faft flowers of their fmells," i. e. do not give them out at any diftance. Comp. "The History of Life and Death," 1638. 12mo. PP. 294-5.

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