some of them wherefoever the Sun be.

You are to frame fome of them likewife for Shelter, that when the Wind blows sharp, you may walk as in a Gallery. And thofe Alleys must be likewise hedged at both Ends, to keep out the Wind; and these clofer Alleys must be ever finely gravelled, and no Grafs, because of going wet. In many of these Alleys likewise, you are to fet Fruit Trees of all Sorts, as well upon the Walls as in Ranges. And this would be generally obferved, that the Borders wherein you plant your Fruit Trees be fair and large, and low, and not steep; and set with fine Flowers, but thin and sparingly, left they deceive 10 the Trees. At the End of both the Side Grounds I would have a Mount of fome pretty Height, leaving the Wall of the Enclosure breast high, to look abroad into the fields.

-For the Main Garden, I do not deny but there should be fome fair Alleys ranged on both Sides with Fruit Trees; and fome pretty Tufts of Fruit Trees, and Arbours with Seats fet in fome decent Order; but these to be by no Means fet too thick, but to leave the Main Garden fo as it be not close, but the Air open and free. For as for Shade, I would have you reft upon the Alleys of Side Grounds, there to walk, if you be disposed, in the Heat of the Year or Day; but to make account that the Main Garden is for the more temperate parts of the Year; and in the Heat of Summer, for the Morning and the Evening, or Overcast Days.

10 Deceive, i. e. impede their nourishment.

For Aviaries, I like them not, except they be of that Largeness, as they may be Turfed, and have living Plants and Bushes fet in them; that the Birds may have more Scope and natural Neftling, and that no Foulness appear in the Floor of the Aviary.

So I have made a Platform of a princely Garden, partly by Precept, partly by Drawing; not a Model, but fome general lines of it; and in this I have spared for no Coft. But it is nothing for great Princes, that, for the most Part, taking advice with Workmen, with no less Coft fet their Things together; and fometimes add Statuas, and fuch Things, for State and Magnificence, but nothing to the true Pleasure of a Garden.

XLVII. Of Negotiating.

T is generally better to deal by Speech than by Letter; and by the Mediation of a Third than by a Man's Self. Letters are good when a Man would draw an answer by Letter back again; or when it may serve for a Man's Juftification afterwards to produce his own Letter; or where it may be Danger to be interrupted, or heard by Pieces. To deal in Perfon is good when a Man's Face breedeth Regard, as commonly with Inferiors; or in tender Cafes, where a Man's Eye, upon the Countenance of him with whom he fpeaketh, may give him a Direction how far to go: and, generally, where a

Man will reserve to himself Liberty, either to disavow or to expound, In choice of Instruments, it is better to choose Men of a plainer Sort, that are like to do that that is committed to them, and to report back again faithfully the Succefs, than those that are cunning to contrive out of other Men's Bufinefs fomewhat to grace themfelves, and will help the Matter in Report, for Satisfaction' fake. Ufe alfo fuch Perfons as affect the Business wherein they are employed, for that quickeneth much; and fuch, as are Fit for the Matter; as bold Men for Expoftulation, fair spoken Men for Persuasion, crafty Men for Enquiry and Obfervation, froward and abfurd Men for Business that doth not well bear out itself. Use also fuch, as have been lucky and prevailed before in Things wherein you have employed them, for that breeds Confidence; and they will strive to maintain their Prescription. It is better to found a Perfon, with whom one deals, afar off, than to fall upon the point at First; except you mean to surprise him by some short Question. It is better dealing with Men in Appetite1 than with those that are where they would be. If a Man deal with another upon Conditions, the Start or First Performance is all : which a Man cannot reasonably demand, except either the Nature of the Thing be fuch which muft go before; or elfe a Man can perfuade the other Party, that he fhall ftill need him in fome other Thing; or else that he be counted the honefter Man. All Practice is to difcover or to work.

1 In appetite, i. e. expectants not yet satisfied by promotion.

Men difcover themselves in Truft, in Paffion, at unawares; and of Neceffity, when they would have somewhat done and cannot find an apt Pretext. If you would work any Man, you must either know his Nature and Fashions, and fo lead him; or his Ends, and fo perfuade him; or his Weakness and Difadvantages, and fo awe him; or those that have Intereft in him, and fo govern him. In Dealing with cunning Perfons, we must ever confider their Ends to interpret their Speeches; and it is good to fay little to them, and that which they leaft look for. In all Negotiations of Difficulty, a Man may not look to fow and reap at once; but muft prepare Business, and fo ripen it by Degrees.

XLVIII. Of Followers and
Friends.

OSTLY Followers are not to be liked ;
left while a Man maketh his Train
longer, he make his wings fhorter. I

reckon to be coftly, not them alone which-charge the Purfe, but which are wearifome and importune in Suits. Ordinary Followers ought to challenge no higher Conditions than Countenance Recommendation, and Protection from Wrongs. Factious Followers are worse to be liked, which follow not upon Affection to him with whom they range themselves, but upon Discontentment conceived against fome other: whereupon com

monly ensueth that ill Intelligence that we many times see between great Perfonages. Likewise glorious1 Followers, who make themselves as Trumpets of the Commendation of those they follow, are full of inconvenience; for they taint Business through Want of Secrecy; and they export Honour from a Man, and make him a Return in Envy. There is a kind of Followers likewife which are dangerous, being indeed Espials; which enquire the Secrets of the House, and bear Tales of them to others; yet fuch Men many times are in great Favour; for they are officious, and commonly exchange Tales. The Following by certain Estates of Men, anfwerable to that which a great Person himself profeffeth (as of Soldiers to him that hath been employed in the Wars, and the like), hath ever been a Thing civil, and well taken even in Monarchies, fo it be without too much Pomp or Popularity. But the most honourable kind of Following is to be followed as one that apprehendeth to advance Virtue and Desert in all forts of Perfons. And yet, where there is no eminent Odds in Sufficiency, it is better to take with the more paffable than with the more able; and befides, to speak Truth, in bafe Times active Men are of more use than virtuous. It is true, that in Government it is good to use Men of one Rank equally; for to countenance some extraordinarily is to make them infolent, and the rest discontent, because they may claim a Due. But contrariwife in Favour, to use Men with much difference and election is good;

1 Glorious in the sense of the Latin gloriofus, vaunting or bragging.