CONDUCT OF FOREIGN INTERCOURSE appointed Chief-Justice, remained in charge, under his commission as Secretary of Foreign Affairs, till March 22, 1790, when Jefferson entered upon his duties as Secretary of State. Below is a list of the Presidents and Secretaries of State. It will be observed that there are frequent gaps between the terms of service of the Secretaries of State. These gaps were filled by ad interim designations, usually of some member of the cabinet, or of the chief clerk of the Department of State, or later of an assistant secretary, to perform the duties of the office. PRESIDENTS I. George Washington, April 30, 1789, to March 3, 1797. SECRETARIES OF STATE Thomas Jefferson, commissioned Sept. 26, 1789; entered on duties March 22, 1790; served till Dec. 31, 1793. Edmund Randolph, Jan. 2, 1794, to Aug. 20, 1795. Timothy Pickering, Dec. 10, 1795, John Adams, March 4, 1797, to Timothy Pickering (continued) March 3, 1801. Thomas Jefferson, March 4, 1801, to March 3, 1809. James Madison, March 4, 1809, to March 3, 1817. to May 12, 1800. John Marshall, May 13, 1800, to James Madison, March 5, 1801, Robert Smith, March 6, 1809, to April 1, 1811. James Monroe, April 2, 1811, to March 3, 1817. James Monroe, March 4, 1817, John Quincy Adams, commis to March 3, 1825. sioned March 5, 1817; entered on duties Sept. 22, 1817; served to March 3, 1825. James K. Polk, March 4, 1845, James Buchanan, commission to March 3, 1849. ed March 6, 1845; entered on duties March 10, 1845; served to March 7, 1849. Zachary Taylor, March 5, 1849, John M. Clayton, March 7, 1849, Millard Fillmore, July 10, 1850, John M. Clayton (continued) to to July 9, 1850. to March 3, 1853. July 22, 1850. Daniel Webster, July 22, 1850, to Oct. 24, 1852. Edward Everett, Nov. 6, 1852, to March 3, 1853. Franklin Pierce, March 4, 1853, William L. Marcy, March 7, to March 3, 1857. James Buchanan, March 4, 1857, to March 3, 1861. Abraham Lincoln, March 4, 1861, to April 15, 1865. 1853, to March 6, 1857. Lewis Cass, March 6, 1857, to Dec. 14, 1860. Jeremiah S. Black, Dec. 17, 1860, to March 6, 1861. William H. Seward, March 5, 1861, CONDUCT OF FOREIGN INTERCOURSE PRESIDENTS SECRETARIES OF STATE Andrew Johnson, April 15, 1865, William H. Seward (continued) to March 3, 1869. Ulysses S. Grant, March 4, 1869, to March 3, 1877. Rutherford B. Hayes, March 5, 1877, to March 3, 1881. James A. Garfield, March 4, 1881, to Sept. 19, 1881. Chester A. Arthur, Sept. 20, 1881, to March 3, 1885. Grover Cleveland, March 4, 1885, to March 3, 1889. Benjamin Harrison, March 4, 1889, to March 3, 1893. Grover Cleveland, March 4, 1893, to March 3, 1897. William McKinley, March 4, 1897, to Sept. 14, 1901. to March 4, 1869. Elihu B. Washburne, March 5, 1869, to March 16, 1869. Hamilton Fish, commissioned March 11, 1869; entered on duties March 17, 1869; served to March 12, 1877. William M. Evarts, March 12, 1877, to March 7, 1881. James G. Blaine, commissioned March 5, 1881; entered on duties March 7, 1881,— James G. Blaine (continued) to Dec. 19, 1881. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, commissioned Dec. 12, 1881; entered on duties Dec. 19, 1881; served to March 6, 1885. Thomas F. Bayard, March 6, 1885, to March 6, 1889. James G. Blaine, March 5, 1889, to June 4, 1892. John W. Foster, June 29, 1892, to Feb. 23, 1893. Walter Q. Gresham, March 6, 1893, to May 28, 1895. Richard Olney, June 8, 1895, to March 5, 1897. John Sherman, March 5, 1897, to April 25, 1898. William R. Day, April 26, 1898, to Sept. 16, 1898. John Hay, Sept, 20, 1898, Theodore Roosevelt, Sept. 14, John Hay (continued) to July 1901, I, 1905. Elihu Root, July 7, 1905, |