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All definite chemical changes to be represented by equations.

1. Briefly explain the main chemical reactions which take place in the 10 manufacture of sulphuric acid in the leaden chamber. What are the chemical and physical properties of the acid, and what its scientific and technical uses? Indicate the composition of the two series of sulphates formed by the acid, and denote by formulæ the chemical composition of the various sulphates frequently met with, giving also their proper chemical nomenclature as well as the common names by which they are known.

2. Explain what is meant by the terms-Dry Distillation, Fractional 10 Distillation, Dissociation (a) by heat, (b) electrolytic and (c) hydrolytic, Supersaturated Solution, Critical Temperature and Pressure, Reducing and Oxidising Agents, and name some of the most active reducing and oxidising agents usually employed.

tions ?

3. How is oxygen extracted from the air on a large scale for manufac- 10 turing purposes? What are its physical properties and industrial applicaHow is liquid oxygen separable from liquid air? How is the presence of uncombined oxygen gas identified, and by what re-agents is it removable from other constituents in a gaseous mixture? To what other chemical element does oxygen bear a strong similarity in the constitution and mode of formation of its compounds, and illustrate your answer by giving in symbolic notation the formulæ of some of the compounds formed by oxygen and its analogue.

4. What are the different physical conditions in which the metal 10 platinum can exist? How are these varieties of platinum obtainable? Mention some of the remarkable properties of the metal and its uses.

5. Give the composition of acetylene both by volume and by weight. 10 Explain its production in quantity as an illuminant. What products does it yield by the action of (a) heat alone in a sealed tube, (b) nascent hydrogen, (c) nitrogen aided by electric sparks, (d) oxidising agents such as chromic acid and potassium permanganate ? How are the metallic acetylides formed, and by what two metallic acetylides is the presence of acetylene demonstrated?

6. How is commercial ammonium carbonate prepared? In what 10 respects does it differ from normal ammonium carbonate and how can a solution of normal ammonium carbonate be prepared from it?

7. Compare and contrast hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and hydriodic 10 acid in their modes of preparation and in their action towards oxidising agents.

You are given a solution of hydrochloric acid, a solution of hydrobromic acid and a solution of hydriodic acid. How would you distinguish one from another?

8. What is the formula of urea? Describe any two methods by which 10 it has been prepared from inorganic materials. What is the action of sodium hypobromite upon a solution of urea and to what use is this reaction put?

9. What volume of nitrous oxide at 30° C and 760 mm. may be obtain- 10 ed from 15 grams of ammonium nitrate?

10. What is an alum? How is ammonium alum prepared? Write its 10 formula and calculate the quantity of pure sulphuric acid that would be just neutralised by the ammonia obtainable from 453 grams of ammonium alum.

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1.

MONDAY, 28TH SEPTEMBER.

[2 P.M. TO 5 P.M.]

BOTANY.

SECTION I.

What is Ground or Fundamental Tissue? Describe its structure 13 and its distribution in the stem, the root, and the leaf.

2. Give an account of the structural elements that enter into the 12 formation of xylem and phloem, and describe the different types of vascular bundles with reference to the mode of arrangement of xylem and phloem.

3. Describe the nature and general structure of the following, and refer 10 them to their Natural Orders:-Potato, turnip, radish, ginger and garlic.

4. Describe the different forms of Cymose Inflorescence with a pseudaxis 15 and with no pseudaxis, illustrating them by examples.

SECTION II.

5. Describe fully the following fruits, giving an example of each :- 12 Cremocarp, achene, etærio, syconus, galbulus, silicula, pome and sorosis.

6. Give the general structure of a Dicotyledonous and a Mono- 10 cotyledonous embryo, and describe the different kinds of albumnen met with in seeds.

7. Describe the general arrangement of the calyx, corolla, andrœcium and gynæcium in a thalamifloral, a discifloral and a calycifloral flower.

8. Give the general characters of the Natural Orders Palmaceæ, Myrtaceæ, 21 and Tiliaceae. Name some plants belonging to them, and discuss their affinities with the allied orders.

TUESDAY, 29TH SEPTEMBER.

[10 A.M. TO 1 P.M.]

MATERIA MEDICA AND PHARMACY.

SECTION A.

1. Name the Natural Order and the plant from which Nux Vomica 25 is obtained. Describe briefly the characters and composition of Nux Vomica. Name its preparations with their compositions, strengths and doses. Write the test for Strychnine. How is Strychnine chemically distinguished from Brucine ? Give shortly the principal actions and uses of Nux Vomica.

2.

What are Tinctures and how are they prepared? Name the sol- 10 vents used in preparing them, and give two instances each of the different kinds of Tinctures. What is the usual dose of a potent Tincture and that of a less potent one? Cite two examples.

3. Mention the different doses according to the different actions of— Tartar Emetic; Zinc Sulphate; and Magnesium Sulphate.

State the rule for calculating doses for children under 12 years. What fraction of a dose should be given to a child 1, 4 and 8 years old, respectively (the adult dose being 1)? Name the drugs that are well borne by children and those that are not.

SECTION B.

4. Give the composition and doses of

Mistura Ferri Composita.

Pilula Ferri.

Pilula Aloes et Ferri.

Syrupus Ferri Phosphatis cum Quinina et Strychnina.

How do ferric salts differ chemically from ferrous salts? What is the action of the Salts of Iron generally on the blood.

What drugs are incompatible with Iron.

5. Give the preparations, with their actions and doses, of Ipecacuanha.

6.

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What is meant by the expression "Cumulative action"? Give 15 instances of drugs which are said to possess this action, and explain their method of action.

XII.

SECOND EXAMINATION IN MEDICINE.

EXAMINERS.

Major A. STREET, M.B., F.R.C.S., I.M.S....

SHAPURJI DOSSABHAI BHARUOHA, L.M. & S. In Anatomy.

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1. Give the course and relations of the Internal Maxillary Artery. 15 Name its branches.

2. Mention the component parts and boundaries of the Limbic lobe? What do you mean by the Rhinencephalon ?

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3. Describe the Astragalus?

SEOTION B.

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4. The skull having been opened and brain removed, describe the 20 dissection to expose the Inferior Rectus, naming in order the structures met with.

5. Describe the Foetal circulation ?

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What parts concerned remain in the adult and what changes do they undergo.

6. Give the Origin, Insertion, Nerve-supply and Action of the

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Peroneus Longus ;

Psoas Magnus;

Obturator Externus;

Pterygoideus Internus;

Middle constrictor of the Pharynx.

MONDAY, 5TH OCTOBER.

[2 P.M. TO 5 P.M.]

PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY.

SECTION A.

1. Describe the minute structure of the nerve-endings in Plain and 20 Skeletal muscle. Compare the contractions of a plain muscle with those of a skeletal muscle (a) as they occur normally, (b) as they are induced by direct excitation with various kinds of electrical stimuli. Describe with diagrams any one experiment suited to demonstrate the contractions in a plain muscle.

2. Give an account of the changes Proteids undergo in the upper part 15 of the small intestines. How would you experimentally prove the potency of the various active bodies concerned in the process of proteid digestion in this part of the digestive tract? State the mechanism involved in the production and secretion of these active bodies.

3. Describe minutely the various forms of colourless corpuscles found 15 in human blood. How are they quantitatively estimated ? What is known

of their functions ?

SECTION B.

4. Describe the microscopical structure of skin, excluding its append- 15 ages, and discuss its functions:

(a) as an excretory organ;

(b) as an organ of sense;

(c) as a heat-regulating mechanism.

5. What are the immediate and subsequent effects upon the movements and sensations of a dog following:

(a) destruction of the cerebral cortex on one side;

(b) removal of one lateral half of the cerebellum;

(c) hemisection of the spinal cord in the lower part of the thoracic
region?

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6. Describe the changes which take place in the eyes when they are 15 directed from a far to a near object. To what parts of the brain is the retiua physiologically connected ?

B 1512-29 cm

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