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Edward, ii. 231.

Margery, from her marriage
with Walter, high steward of Scot-
land, descended the Stuarts, ii. 231.
Brutus, Lucius Junius, i. 302, 310.

Marcus, conspiracy of, i. 415,
419; death of, 419.

Decimus, i. 417.
Buckingham, George Villiers, duke of,
ii. 397; his excursion to Spain, 397.
Bulgarians settle near the Danube, ii. 92.
Bull, the Golden, ii. 182, 289.
Buonarotti, Michael Angelo, architect,
sculptor, painter, i. 229; ii. 320 et
seq; genius and style, 321; excel-
lence of his chisel, 324; edifices of
his construction, 325.
Burgundians, the, ii. 39, 45.

Cabot, Sebastian, ii. 316.
Cadigha, wife of Mahomet, ii. 50.
Cadiz, anciently Gades, i. 49.
Cadmus introduces literature into
Greece, i. 57.

Cæcilius, dramatic poet, i. 430.
Cæsar, C. Julius, speeches of, i. 399;
the triumvirate, 401; defeats the
Helvetii, 404; the Germans, Gauls,
and Britons, 404; marches into Italy,
407; victor at Pharsalia in Mace-
donia, 409; dictator, 411; defeats
Scipio and Cato, 411; his literary and
scientific attainments, 412; assassi-
nated, 415; Commentaries of, 433.
Vide Rome.

Cairns, their purpose, i. 27.
Caledonians, the ancient, ii. 106.
Calendar, the Roman, i. 412.
Caligula, tyranny of, ii. 483.
Callisthenes, i. 239.

Calvin, founder of the Reformation at
Geneva, ii. 298.

Cambyses, history, i. 38, 115; his jus-
tice, 121.

Camillus, Marcus Furius, dictator, i.
345, 349.

Camoëns, Portuguese poet, ii. 492.
Canaanites, account of the, i. 49.

Canada colonized by the French, ii. 315.
Canadian red Indians, i. 64.

Candia taken by the Turks, ii. 459.

Candidates in Rome, i. 340.

Cannæ, Hannibal's victory at, i. 373.
Cantacuzenus, John, emperor of Greece,
ii. 207, 251.

Canute, king of Denmark, Norway, and
England, ii. 113

Captivity of Israel, i. 114.
Capua, city of Campania, i. 352, 375
State of, i. 352.

Caracalla, emperor of Rome, i. 595.
Caractacus, the British prince, ii. 104.
Carbo, the consul, i. 390.
Carcassonne, treatment of the city of
ii. 175.

Carloman, Frank princes named, ii. 59,
61.

Carolinas, the, settled by order of
Charles II., ii. 316.

Carthage, history of, i. 50, 357; litera-
ture, 359; wars, 359; colonies in Si-
cily, 360, 364; the third Punic war,
382; destruction of the city, 383.
Cary, Lucius, Viscount Falkland, ii.

406.

Cassander, wars of, i. 198, 303.
Cassibelaunus, king of the Trinobantes,
ii. 104.

Cassini, astronomer, ii. 490.
Cassiodorus, secretary of Theodoric, ii.
37, 41.

Cassius, consul, proposes an agrarian
law, i. 323.

Caius, conspires against Cæsar,

i. 415.
Castes known in ancient Egypt, i. 46.
Catiline, a profligate and cruel senator,
i. 395; his conspiracy with Cethegus
and Lentulus defeated by Cicero, 397.
Cato, the censor, i. 379, 432, 441.

the younger, opinions and speech-
es of, i. 401.
Catullus and Pompey defeat Lepidus,
i. 396.

Cecrops lands in Attica, i. 53, 54.
Celestinus, pope, ii. 130.
Celta, the, i. 347.

Celtic nations, ii. 26; religion of, 29,
32, 33.

Censors, Roman, i. 341.

Ceres worshipped at Eleusis, i. 68.
Charoneia, battle of, i. 174.

Chalcondilas, ii. 251.

Chaldæa or Babylonia, i. 32.

Chaldæans or Chaldees, priests and as-
tronomers, i. 32.

Charlemagne, age of, i. 10; reign, con-
quests, and character of, ii. 70, 73.
Charles Martel, victor over the Sara-
cens, ii. 58.

199.

the Wise, king of France, ii,

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Charles VIII. of France projects the
conquest of Naples, ii. 214; besieges
Rome, 215; he defeats the Spaniards,
Italians, and Germans, 216; returns
to France, 216; his death and suc-
cessor, 217.

173.

IX. of France, il. 373.
of Anjou, king of Naples, ii.

I., state of England on his ac-
cession, ii. 393; his dissensions with
the parliament, 399; peace with
France and Spain, 400; he interferes
with the Scottish church, 401; civil
war, fields of Worcester and Edge-
hill, 406; he is defeated at Naseby,
407; a prisoner of the Scots, he is
delivered up to the parliament, 407;
Cromwell, 406; the king's escape,
408; after fruitless negotiation and
an imprisonment in Carisbrook Cas-
tle, he is tried and beheaded at White-
hall, 409; question of passive obedi-
ence, 409.

II. acknowledged king in Scot-
land and Ireland, ii. 411; defeated at
Worcester, he escapes to France,
412; his restoration, 418; the sale of
Dunkirk, 420; war with France and
Holland, 420; alliance with Holland
and Sweden, 420; domestic adminis-
tration, accusation against the Jesu-
its, 420; deaths of Lord William Rus-
sell and Algernon Sidney, 423; the
king's death, 423.

V. of Germany and Spain,
birth and pretensions, ii. 277; visits
Henry VIII. in England, 279; his
victory over Soliman, 282; at Paris,
283; peace with Henry, 284; de-
feats the protestants in the battle of
Mulberg, 285; abdication and death,
287; great events of his reign, 304.

464.

II. of Spain, ii. 463; death,

Canutson of Sweden, ii. 295.
X., king of Sweden, reign of,
ii. 456.

XII., king of Sweden, i. 14;
accession, ii. 477; lands in Zealand
and attacks Copenhagen, 477; defeats
Peter the Great at Narva, 477; he
dethrones Augustus, king of Poland,
478; places Stanislaus Leckzinski on
the throne, 478; he marches into
Russia, 479; crosses the Ukraine,
479; is defeated at Pultowa, 479; his
conduct at Bender, 480; prisoner of
the Turks, 481; defends Stralsund,
482; invades Norway, 482; is killed
at Frederickschal, 482.

the Bald, ii. 88.

the Bold, duke of Burgundy,
ambition and death of, ii. 213.
Chatillon, death of Raymond de, ii. 159.

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Chaucer's diplomatic and poetic talents,
ii. 249.

China, its early civilization and its in-
stitutions, i. 13; the Tartar emperors,
ii. 338; Chinese emperors, 338; the
Mantchou Tartars reconquer China,
338; annals, 339; calculation of eclip-
ses, 339; manners, customs, and insti-
tutions, 340; Jesuit missionaries, 341;
astronomy, 341; written language,
342; medicine, 343; gunpowder, 343;
printing, 343; painting, 343; the
wall, 345; gardening, 345; China-
ware, 345; laws, 346; religion, 347;
morals, 349; traditions and supersti-
tion, 352, 357.

Chiron, astronomical data, i. 71, 73.
Chivalry, institutions of, ii. 100, 168.
Chosroës I. and II., Parthian or Persian
monarchs, i. 496; ii. 25.

Christian II. of Sweden, Denmark, and
Norway, ii. 295; deposed, 296.

IV. of Denmark, ii. 457.
Christianity established in the Roman
empire, ii. 1, 12.

Christina, queen of Sweden, abdication,
ii. 455; death of, 456.
Chronicle of Paros, antiquity of this
Arundelian marble, i. 53.

Chronology of Archbishop Usher, i. 14;
of Greece, 53; Sir I. Newton's, 76.
Church, the Christian, ii. 3; the Greek,
95.

Cicero saves Rome from the ambition of
Catiline, i. 398; exile, 403.

writings of, i. 380, 439; his va-
rious opinions, 68, 102, 105, 155, 333,
380, 403, 414.

Cid, Don Rodriguez or the, ii. 126
Cimabue, the painter, ii. 319.
Cimbri, irruption of the, i. 390; of Den-
mark, ii. 27.

Cimon, Athenian, his victories, i. 139;
banishment, 141; death, 141.
Cincinnatus, L. Quintius, i. 328; dicta-
tor, 329, 441.

Cinna, the consul, i. 393.

Clarendon, Lord, history and characte
of, ii. 420; history by, 500.
Claudius Nero, Roman consul, i. 377.
reign and conquest of Britain,

i. 484.
Clearchus, Lacedæmonian captain, i.
157.

Cleisthenes, Athenian, i. 111.
Clement IV, Pope, ii. 173.
V..
ii. 179.

VII., ii. 281; his quar
rel with Henry VII. fatal to papal
supremacy in England, 300, 301.
Cleomenes, i. 111; restores the laws of
Lycurgus, i. 208.

Cleopatra, reigns in Egypt, i. 409; cap
tivates Mark Antony, 419; death.
421.

Clermont, council of, ii. 154.
Claudius causes the exile of Cicero, i.
402.

Clovis, king of the Franks, i. 36, 57.
Clusium, siege of, i. 347.

Codrus, oracle respecting i. 80; his
self-devotion to save Athens, 98.
Coins, invention and use of, i. 28.
Colbert, minister of Louis XIV., ii. 457,
462.

Colchis, i. 70.

Cole, Dr., anecdote, ii. 203.
Coligni, expedition of, defeated by the
Portuguese in Brazil, ii. 315; chief
of the Huguenots, 374; his death, 375
Columbus discovers America, ii. 304,
his voyages, 305.

Comedy, the Grecian, i. 244, 249; the
Roman, 430; English, ii. 496;
French, 498.

Commerce of the Tyrians, i. 51; of
Greece, 223; of the Carthaginians,
358,.365; the Levant trade, Venice
and Genoa, ii. 166; with India, by
the ancients, 334; of the English
witn India, 337; progress of Europe.
an, and of English commerce, 255

et seq.
Commodus, the emperor, ii. 501.
Condé, the prince of, ii. 373.

campaigns of the great prince
of, ii. 454 et seq.

Conon, the Athenian, i. 159.
Conrad, king, poisoned, ii. 173.
Conradin, king, ii. 174.

he

Constans, emperor of the Western em-
pire of Rome, i. 516.
Constantine the Great, reign, i. 508;
maintains Christianity, 508, 509; ii.
7; his wars, i. 509; death of Crispus
and Fausta, 509; embellishment of
Byzantium, which he selects as the
seat of the Roman empire (see Con-
stantinople), 510; his magnificence,
510.

Copronymus, the emperor,

ii. 82.
Constantius, the emperor, dies in Brit-
ain, i. 508.

son of Constantine the

Great, i. 516.
Constantinople; the city of Byzantium
established by Constantine the Great
as the seat of the empire, i. 510; ex-
tent of the new capital, 510; the sons
of Theodosius share his dominions,
Arcadius emperor of the East reigns
in Constantinople, and Honorius in
Rome, ii. 13; invasion of the Eastern
empire by the Huns, 13; power and
splendor of the Roman emperors re-
newed under Justinian, 23; factions
of the green, blue, and red, 23; Jus-
tin, 25; Heraclius, 26; the Eastern
capital is defended against the inva

sion of Saracens and Turks, 92
frightful history of its emperors, 92
the patriarchs of the Greek church,
95; Constantine Porphyrogenitus,
Nicephorus Phocas, and Michael Pa
phlagonatus, 153; Alexius Comne-
nus, and Anna Comnena, 155; the
city taken by Baldwin and the cru-
saders, 161; Michael Paleologus
retakes it, 173; taken by the Turks,
extinction of the Greek empire, 210.
Consuls of Rome, i. 309 et seq.
Conti, the prince of, ii. 455.
Copernicus, astronomy of, ii. 488.
Cordova, kingdom of, in Spain, ii. 98.
Corinth, its wars, 1. 145; siege of, and

destroyed by the Romans, 498. .
Coriolanus, Caius Marcius, i. 321 et seq.
Corneille and Racine, ii. 498.
Cornelia, daughter of Scipio, i. 385.
Correggio, painter, ii. 322.
Cortez, conquest of Mexico by, ii 304,
309.

Councils and Synods, Christian, ii. 5.
Courtenay, Peter de, emperor of Con-
stantinople, ii. 173.

Covenant, national, of Scotland, ii. 401.
Cowley and Spenser, poems of, ii. 495.
Cranaus, king of Athens, i. 54.
Crassus, Roman general, i. 392; a tri-
umvir, 400; slain by the Parthians,
405.

Cratippus, philosophy of, i. 438.

Creon, king, war against Adrastus, i. 75.
Cresilas, sculptor of the Gladiator, i.
230.

Cresphontes, return to the Peloponne-
sus, i. 80.

Cressy, battle of, ii. 197.
Croesus, king, i. 115; subdues Asia
Minor, 127.

Cromwell, Oliver, ii. 406; seizes the
king, 407; meditates the destruction
of both king and parliament, 408;
succeeds Fairfax in command of the
army, 412; war with the Dutch, 412;
dissolution of parliament, 413; nomi-
nated Lord Protector, makes peace
with the Dutch, 414; he affects the
crown, conversation with Whitelocke,
415; his death, 417.
Crustuminium, Italian town, i. 286,

299.

Ctesiphon, trial of, de coronâ, i. 106.
Cuba, the island of, ii. 305, 308.
Curius, M., defeats Pyrrhus, i. 441.
Cuzco, a Peruvian city, ii. 312.
Cyaxares destroys Nineveh, i. 114.
Cybele, temple at Sardis, i. 128.
Cynic philosophy of Antisthenes, i. 269.
Cynoscephale, battle of, i. 211.
Cyprus reduced by Athens, i. 141.

Daniel, prophecies of, i. 200.
Dante Alighieri, ii. 248

Darius the Mede, son of Cyaxares, i.

119.

son of Hystaspes, i. 116; pro-
ject of subjugating Greece, 128.

Codomannus, reign of, i. 176;
invasion of Alexander, 180; death,
188.

Nothus, i. 151.

Ochus, reign of, i. 168; poison-

ed, 176.
Darnley, Henry, Lord, marriage with
Mary queen of Scots, ii. 385; his
murder, 386.

Datis, army of, i. 129.

David I., king of Scotland, ii. 189.
Decemviri, Roman, i. 327, 330 et seq.
Decius, self-devotion of, i. 353.
Dejoces elected king by the Medes, i.
21, 114.

Delhi, seat of the Mahometan empire
in India, ii. 335.

Delphi, oracle of Apollo, i. 64; attack-
ed, 134.

Deluge, interval between the creation
and the, i. 15; of Ogyges, 53; of Deu-
calion, 55.
Demetrius Phalereus, i. 203; ii. 4.
Poliorcetes, wars of, i. 205.
son of Antigonus, i. 198.
son of Philip II., i. 378.
Democritus, philosopher, i. 265.
Demosthenes, the orator, i. 171; the
Philippics, 173, 175; danger, 179;
death of, 202.

death of this commander,

i. 159.
Denmark, the Scandinavians and Cim-
bri, ii, 26; Odin or Sigga, 27; Sciold,
27; Harold founds Jomsburg in Po-
merania, 31; Regner Lodbrog, 32;
Danish and Norman kings and chief-
tains, 90; the Danes settle in France,
91; Otho the Great, 100; Sweyn
adds England to his dominions, 112;
Canute the Great, 113; Hardiknute
succeeds him in Denmark, 113; the
Danish invasions of Ireland, 141; the
protestant faith established, 304.
Dermot Mac Murroch, king of Leinster,
ii. 141.

Descartes, system of, ii. 487.
Deucalion, deluge of, i. 55.
Dictator, executive dignity at Rome, i.
313.

Djemschid founds Persepolis, ii. 354.
Didier, king of the Lombards, ii. 72.
Diocletian, splendid reign of the empe-
ror, i. 507; he resigns the purple, 508.
Diodorus Siculus, i. 256.
Diogenes, the cynic, i. 269.
Dion, life of, i. 362.

Dion Cassius, historian, i. 504.
Dionysius, king of Syracuse, i. 360;
varied fortunes of the younger Dio-
nysius, 361, 362.

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Dionysius of Halicarnassus, i. 257, 339
Dodona, oracle of i. 64.

Domitian, the twelfth of the Cæsars, a
detestable emperor, i. 494.
Doomsday book, the, ii. 134.
Dorians, the colonies of, i. 81 et seq.
Doric dialect, the, i. 86.
Draco, laws of, i. 22, 99.
Drama, the Greek, i. 244; Thespis,
244; Aristophanes, 244; Menander,
245; Eschylus, 246; the Roman,
428; Ennius, 429; Plautus, 429;
Terence, 430.

Druids, vast temples and huge altars of
these Celtic priests, ii. 33; human
sacrifices, 33.

Drusus, Livius, i. 391.
Dryden, poetry of, ii. 495.
Dudley, Robert, earl of Leicester, ii.
382; death, 392.

Dunbar, Charles II. defeated at, ii. 412.
Dunstan, account of St., ii. 112.
Durer, Albert, painter and engraver i.
326.

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VI., ii. 302.

Egbert, sole Saxon Monarch, unites the
Heptarchy, ii. 107.

Egypt, its early history, i. 18, 34; its
monarchy, priests, and judicature,
36; its penal laws, 37; customs, 37,
38, 41; religion, 43, 46; character,
47; flourishing state under Ptolemy
Soter, 198.

Egyptians, the early civilization of, i. 34.
Eleatic sect of philosophy, i. 265.
Eleazar, high-priest in Jerusalem, ii. 4.
Eleusis, the Eleusinian mysteries, i. 68.
Elizabeth, queen, establishes the prot-

estant faith, ii. 203; her ministers,
382; policy with regard to Scotland,
384; treatment of Mary queen of
Scots, 389.

Embalming in Egypt, i. 37, 41.

Emilius, defeated and slain, i. 374.
Empires, the predominant, i. 7; As-
syria, 17; Persia, 113; Macedon,
177. Vide Rome.
England-the Britons invaded by Cæ-

sar,

ii. 103; by Claudius, 104; Sue-
tonius Paulinus, 04; Boadicea, 104;
they sue to the Romans for aid
against the Picts and Scots, 105; the
Saxon Heptarchy, 106; Hengist and
Horsa, 106; kingdom of Kent, 107;
Christianity established, 107; North-
umberland, Mercia, Essex, Wessex,
Sussex, 107; king Egbert, 107; in-
vasions by Danes and Normans, 108;
wars of Alfred the Great, 109; the
Danes embrace Christianity, 109
prosperity of the kingdom, 109; the
Saxon institutions, 110; writings of
Alfred, 111; his Saxon successors,
112; Sweyn of Denmark conquers
the kingdom, 112; king Canute, 112;
Edgar Atheling, 113; Harold and
Hardiknute, 113; Edward the Con-
fessor, and Earl Godwin, 114; Har-
old, the son of Godwin, is vanquished
by William of Normandy, 116; the
Anglo-Saxon government, laws, and
manners, 117, 121; reign of the Nor-
man conqueror, 131, 134; William
Rufus, 134; Henry I., king, 135;
Robert, duke of Normandy, returning
from Palestine, is imprisoned, 135;
charter by king Henry, 135; his
character, 136; king Stephen's usur-
pation, 137; the empress Matilda,
137; Henry II. quarrels with Thom-
as à Becket, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, 138, 140; conquest of Ireland,
141; the fair Rosamond, 142; the
princes Henry, Geoffrey, and Rich-
ard are rebellious, 142; penance done
by Henry II., 143; Richard Coeur
de Lion, 144; the Crusades, 144, 154,
164; John, an usurper and tyrant,
145; submits to the legate Pandolf,
147; he signs Magna Charta, 148;
its provisions, 148, 149; power of the
Norman barons, 148; the Braban on
or Flemish mercenaries, 150; inva-
sion of Lewis the Dauphin, 150; ac-
cession of Henry III., 151; the Cru-
sades, 154, 164; effects of these dis-
tant expeditions, 164; origin of
parliament, 177; conquest of Wales
by Edward I., 187; he invades Scot-
land, 188; Wallace beheaded, 193;
Edward II., 194; the Spensers, 195;
Mortimer and Isabella, 195; glorious
reign of Edward III., 196; Cressy,
Edward the Black Prince, 197;
queen Philippa captures David, king
of Scotland, 198; battle of Poic-
tiers, 199; king Richard II., 201; |
Usurbation of Henry IV., 202; Hen.

ry V. wins the battle of Agincourt,
204; he is succeeded by Hen-
ry VI. as king of England and
France, 205; the war in France con-
ducted by the duke of Bedford, 206;
misfortunes of Henry VI., 223; suc-
cession of the house of York, 227
battle of Bosworth-field, 228; Henry
VII. and the house of Tudor, 228;
Perkin Warbeck, 229; reign of Hen
ry VIII., 278, 284; the Reformation,
290 et seq., 299, 303; Wolsey, 279,
300; abolition of monasteries, 301;
cruelties of Henry VIII. to his
queens, 302; death of Lady Jane
Grey, 302; reign of Edward VI.,
302; Mary I., 302; persecutions,
303; Elizabeth, 303; the Armada
defeated 370; reign of Elizabeth, 382,
394; James VI. crowned king of
Scotland, 389; becomes James I. of
England, 395; reign of Charles I.,
399, 410; the Irish rebellion, 404;
the Commonwealth under Oliver
Cromwell, 411, 417; Richard, Crom-
well, 417; the restoration of Charles
ii., 418; James II., abdication of,
426; William and Mary, 427; the
Revolution, 427; the English consti-
tution, 428, 442; William III., his
campaigns against Louis XIV., 460;
queen Anne, 464; Marlborough, 464.
England, New, state of North America,

ii. 316.

Engraving invented by a goldsmith of
Florence, ii. 325.

Enguien, count D', ii. 283.
Ennius, poems of, i. 429.
Epaminondas, victories of, i. 162, 167.
Epernon, duke of, ii. 443.
Ephesus, city of Ionia, i. 81.
Ephori, the, at Sparta, i. 97.
Epicurus, philosophy of, i. 279, 441.
Epigonoi, war of the, i. 76.
Epochs, leading historical, i. 3.
Equinoxes, precession of the, elucidate
chronology, i. 75.

Equites, or Roman knights, i. 287.
Erasmus, i. 293.

Erechtheus, or Erichthonius, i. 68.
Erythræan Sea, the, i. 117.
Esarhaddon, king, i. 114.
Essex, earl of, his favor with queen
Elizabeth, ii. 392; beheaded in the
Tower, 393.

Ethelred dethroned by Sweyn of Den-
mark, ii. 112.

Eteocles, war with Polynices and
Adrastus, i. 774, 75.
Ethiopians conquer Egypt, i. 18.
Etruscans, or Etrurians, i. 225, 227, 282
et seq., 347.

Euboea, war in the island of, i. 152.
Eudes, king of France, i. 91.
Eudoxia empress of Arcadius, ii. 16

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