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TROM THE

CREATION OF THE WORLD

TO THE

BEGINNING OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

BY THE LATE

HON. ALEXANDER FRASER TYTLER,

LORD WOODHOUSE LEE,

,

JENATOR OF THE COLLEGE OF JUSTICE, AND LORD COMMISSIONER OX
JUSTICIARY IN SCOTLAND, AND TORMERLY PROFESSOR OF CIVIL
HISTORY, AND GREEK AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES, IN

THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.

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Last Period of the Roman History--- Arcadius and Honorius-Theodosius II.-

His Code of Laws--Attila--Progress of the Goths-Gothic Kingdom of

Italy

12

CHAPTER VI.

Genius and Character of the Gothic Nations

CHAPTER VII.

Character of the Gothic Nations after the Conquest of Italy.

36

BOOK THE SIXTH.

CHAPTER I.

ARABIA---Ancient Manners and Religion-Rise of Mahome...His Doctrines

Conquests-Death-Causes which contributed to the rapid Progress of his

Religion-Conquests of the Successors of Mahomet Change in the National

Character after the Removal of the Seat of Empire to Bagdad--Learning of

the Arabians

CHAPTER 11.

Uncertainty of the early History of the Franks--Merovingian Period.-Mayors

of tho Palace-Change in the Dynasty effected by Pepin Manners and Cus-

tomForm of Government and Latys of the Franks Feudal System

CHAPTER III.

Charlemagne-The new Empire of the West.Manners, Government, and

Customs of the Age--Retrospective View of the Affairs of the Church-Arian

and Pelagian Heresies-- Origin of Monastic Orders-Pillar-Saints-Auricular

Confession

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CHAPTER 1V.

Successors of Charlemagne-Their Weakness and Dissensions-Rise of the Feu-

dal Aristocracy-First Incursions of the Normans-Their Settlement in Nor-

mandy--State of the Eastern Empire--Of Italy and the Church-Rise of the

Secular Power of the Popedom-Schism of the Greek and Latin Churches

The Saracens conquer Spain--Extinction of the Empire of Charlemagne-

Empire of Germany--Otho the Great

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CHAPTER V.

History Or BRITAIN-Earliest State--Landing of Julius Cæsar-Conquest

by the Romans--Abandonment of Britain on the Gothic Invasion of italy----

Irruptions of the Picts and Caledonians--Saxon Invasion--Ileptarchy-Union

under Egbert-Danish Invasions--Alfred the Great--His Institutions---His

Successors-Norman Conquest

102

CHAPTER VI.

On the Government, Laws, and Manners of the Anglo-Saxons

由

CHAPTER V11.

State of Europe during the Tenth, Elevenih, and Twelfth Centuries

CHAPTER VI11.

IIISTORY OF ENGLAND during the Eleventh, 'Twelfth, and part of the Thir.

teenth Centuries:-Reign and Character of William the Conqueror--Dooms-

day Book---William Rufus--Henry 1.-.-Stephen--Henry II. (Plantagenet)

Richard Cæur de Lion--King John--Magna CHARTA

131

CHAPTER IX.

State of Europe in the Thirteenth Century-'I'he Crusades

151

CHAPTER .

Effects of the Crusades-Rise of Chivalry and Romance

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CHAPTER XI.

State of the EurOPEAN KINGDOMS towards the End of the Crusades, and in

the Age immediately following:--Constantinople recovered by the Greek

Emperors--Sicilian Vespers--Crusade against the Albigenses-Rise of the

House of Austria-Spirit of the Popedom--Persecution of the Knights Tem.

plars---Rise of the Helvetic Republics.Council of Constance

173

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CHAPTER XII.

HisTORY OF ENGLAND in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries-Depu

ties from Burghs first called to Parliameni--Edward I.-Conquest of Wales

Scotland--Obscurity of its early History---Malcolm Canmore--David I.---

Alexander III.-Bruce and Baliol competitors for the Crown--Designs of

Edward against Scotland-Sir William Wallace --- Battles of Talkirk and

Stirling-Death of Wallace---Robert Bruce-Edward II.---Battle of Ban-

nockburn-Edward III.---Battie of Halidown Hill-Inyasion of France

The Black Prince--Battle of Cressy--of Durham--of Poictiers-Richard II.

-Henry IV.

CHAPTER XIII.

ENGLAND and FRANCE in the FIFTEENTH CENTURY :-England under

Henry V-France under Charles VI.-Battle of Agincourt-Henry V. ac-

quires the Crown of France-Ciarles VII.--Maid of Orleans-France recov-

ered from the English-The Eastern Empire invaded by the Turks--By the

Tartars under Tamerlane.Scanderbeg-Turks under Mahomet the Great"

take Constantinople-Greek Empire extinguished..Constitution of Turkey

France about the end of the Fifteenth Century-Lewis II.--Charles VIII.

Italy

202

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CHAPTER XIV.

SpA y, FRANCE, ITALY, and BRITAIN at the end of the Fifteenth and

beginning of the Sixteenth Century---Ferdinand and Isabella--Extinction of

the Moors in Spain--Lewis XI. of France invades Italy --Pope Alexander

VI.---Julius II.--England_lenry VI.-Civil Wars of York and Lancaster--

Margaret of Anjou-Edward IV. Richard III.-Henry VII-Union of

York and Lancaster-Impostures of Simnel and Warbeck

217

CHAPTER XV.

SCOTLAND from the Middle of the Fourteenth Century to the End of the Reign

of James V... David II.-Robert II., first of the House of Stuart-Robert III.,

James I., II., III., and IV.-Marriage of James IV. with Margaret, Daughter

of Henry VII., founds the hereditary Title of the House of Stuart to the

'Throne of England-Battle of Flodden-James V.-Ancient Constitution of

the Scottish Government

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