to them, as another "situation" has been since. He said that he was very sorry, but that he could do nothing for them, not in his corps, must apply to Gen. Stuart. But at length, seeming to pity the unfortunates, he said, "I'll tell you what to do, flank them."P-touched his cap, thanked

the general, and then, dashing up to the guard, said, "all right, the

Trooper.

"Well, then, give

me five dollars and I'll teach you how to pace!"

The broke-down man recovered his wind sufficiently to pursue trooper at 2-40 speed.

Our next anecdote is of a gallant Missourian:

During the latter part of the

siege of Vicksburg, the soldiers were almost hourly looking for

general says pass us." The Gen. Joe Johnston, with an army guard not having heard the conversation, let them pass. "Well," said General H, "that's the coolest and boldest flank-movement I ever saw." C. S. M.

of relief, and frequently the boys would ascend to some high point of observation, and cry out that Johnston was in sight. Well, on the 25th of June, that part of the From Captain W. N. N. of works occupied by the 6th regiMillwood, Va., we get another ment Missouri infantry, was uncavalry anecdote: dermined and blown up by the

On Hood's retreat from Nash- enemy, and among the other sufville, a broken down infantry man ferers, was Lieut. Wm. Prather, dropped out of ranks, hoping that of that command. He was blown he might get a lift from some very high, indeed, and notwithmerciful trooper in the rear guard. standing he was so badly injured As the cavalry began to pass, he as to necessitate the amputation made known his wants, but got of one of his legs, his first words the same reply from each and were "boys I saw Johnston." every one, "have but one horse

P. F. W.

and he don't carry double."- It has been the glorious priviOne benevolent "man on horse- lege of rebel soldiers not merely back" stopped, however, and to be witty themselves, but to be kindly asked the weary man the cause of wit in others. The what was the matter, "most following piece of fun, which they gone up the spout," said foot- have been the means of developsoldier, "I'm broke down walk

ing, and want some fellow to give me a lift."

Trooper. "Does it tire you to

walk?"

Infantry. (Very pitifully,) "Yes, I'm 'm-o-s-t gone up. It breaks me down to walk."

ing, is really inimitable:

WHEREAS, "No legal State government or adequate protection for life or property now exist in the rebel States of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Florida, Texas, and Arkansas; and whereas, it is necessary

that peace and good order should be enforced in said States until loyal and republican State governments can be legally established."

PEACH CULTURE.

FRUIT culture is destined to be ties of the South is not sufficient a profitable branch of industry at to take up large quantities of fruit, the South. Unavoidable neglect, and even near the larger cities, and want of a market during the the neighborhood supply would war; and since its close, the ina- interfere with extensive sales. bility of many to cultivate their orchards properly, have tended to check its progress, but the profits for many years previous, gave encouragement to those who were engaged in it, and holds out promise to others who may be disposed to embark in the business.

Cotton planting must gradually recede Westwardly and find its most profitable culture in the rich

In determining the kind of fruit best adapted to market, we must consider the cost of, facility of, and time occupied in, transportation. In the Northern States where population is dense and communication frequent and rapid from one point to another, all kinds of fruits and vegetables are raised and trans

ported to distant markets profitably. Here at the South, where

bottom lands of the Mississippi communication is less frequent,

Valley. The Atlantic States cannot compete in such a race, and must turn their attention more to farming and the nicer operations of husbandry.

and the distance of transportation greater, the small and perishable fruits cannot stand the long time on their journey, nor the frequent handling necessary on the route.

In consequence of the thorough These must be confined to the revolution in our labor-system, home market. Peaches, apples and the necessity of seeking and grapes have been found best other modes of profitable invest- adapted to this trade, and will ment, and diversifying our agri- bear transportation well. Previcultural operations, the subject of fruit raising for market assumes an important place among our industrial resources.

ous to the war, there were large peach orchards situated at favorable points on the railroads and rivers which yielded handsome profits to their owners. Immense quantities of fruit were shipped

Our southern latitude and forward seasons give us monopoly of the northern market a month or from Norfolk, Wilmington, Sasix weeks before the large or- vannah and Charleston; and alchards of Delaware and Jersey, ways found ready sales in New and this advantage is retained York, Philadelphia, Boston and through the season as the differ- Baltimore. The same thing can ent kinds of fruit come into bear- be done again; and when the siting. Those who expect to go uation is favorable and the manlargely into fruit culture must agement judicious, peach culture seek a northern market. The lo- is perhaps the most profitable of cal demand in the towns and ci- all agricultural operations, not even excepting cotton at the present rates.

As there are many who now are seeing the necessity of changing their culture from cotton to some other lucrative employment, and are seeking information on this subject, we propose to devote a paper to Peach culture.

LOCATION OF AN ORCHARD.

to bloom, feeling the first approach of warm weather. The fruit in our latitude (middle region of South Carolina) is formed by the end of March; and we are liable to cold snaps until the middle of April. The object therefore is to select such a situation as will be least affected by frosts. The whole crop of a season, worth many thousand dollars, may be killed in one place and escape in another a few miles off, merely from differ

The first point to be determined is the locality. Is the soil adapted to the Peach? Is the climate ence of situation. This occurs (reasonable exemption from late frequently in the vicinity of Aiken spring frosts) suitable? Are there where there are many facilities for reaching a market?- sive orchards, and has occurred These favorable conditions co-in- this very season, when places not ciding, the business may be con- two miles apart have been differsidered profitable.

ently affected.

exten

1. Soil and Situation. Almost The highest ridge lands which any soil, not too stiff nor wet, and slope off gently to the valleys are on the other extreme, too light and the safest; flat lands and valleys barren, will suit the peach. Too should be avoided. The cause of rich or damp a soil is apt to pro- this is dependant upon well known duce disease and rot in the fruit- meteorological laws. At night, too poor a soil is deficient in nour- or as soon as the sun's rays are ishment, and the fruit, though withdrawn, the earth begins to healthy and highly colored, is cool by radiation if there is a clear wanting in size and flavor. The sky. The air in contact with the best soil is a moderately fertile, ground cools first, and this cool light friable loam with porous air being heaviest, descends to the subsoil, well drained either nat- valleys, and displaces the warmer urally or artificially. Freshly air, which ascends gradually to cleared lands are better. than old supply its place. The low grounds fields, and an old peach orchard thus become cold much sooner must be avoided.

than the hill tops; and as this

2. Climatal condition. This, displacement is going on all night

one of the most important considerations, is often overlooked. It is not every place even in the same neighborhood, that has equally favorable situations for an orchard. The chief danger to the crop is the late spring frosts which we so often have at the south. The peach is one of the earliest trees

(if the sky is clear and there is no wind)- this rolling down of the cooled air from the higher grounds into the lower, and the ascent of the warmer currents to take its place, the difference in temperature by morning is very marked. Every one observant of these facts has often seen the effects of killing frosts in the valleys up to a ket. In estimating the probable definite line around the margins; profits of an orchard, facility of and all above that line, safe and reaching a market is an important unharmed. In parts of our moun- consideration. The cost of transtain region, this effect is so well portation, the time occupied, and marked that there are belts of the changes from one mode to anland on the mountain sides known other, requiring frequent handto escape year after year, whilst ling of the packages, must all be situations above and below are calculated. The free-stone peach, liable to frosts. The warm air of the valleys heated by the sun during the day, has risen to that point and acts as a protection.

if picked as soon as it attains full size and color, even though hard and unripe, will continue to become mellow, and can be kept for at least a week, and at the end of that time, be ripe and sound.Water transportation is preferable to railroads; and the less handling the packages have, the bet

As the danger of frost arises from the cooling of the earth by radiation, and this only takes place on a clear night, if we can produce artificially any obstacle to free radiation, and thus arrest the ter. When opportunities for the cooling of the surface, we ac- Northern market are not oftener complish the object as well as than once a week, then a home clouds would do it for us. Some market must be used for the fruit persons have used these means, that becomes over-ripe in the inby building fires with damp wood terval. In selecting a situation or straw, so as to produce dense for an orchard, all these considervolumes of smoke. If there is no

wind, and the temperature is not too low, it answers the purpose well, and a small expense incurred in this way, may save thousands of dollars.

ations must be attended to.

SELECTION OF TREES.

Young trees are always to be preferred, one year old from the bud. In planting largely of peaches for a market, it is neces

the carliest fruit in the market, we select the best early varities, and plant largely of them. Hale's early, Tillotson's early, Amelia,

In large orchards, it should al- sary to have budded trees, so as ways be done. Preparation is to have all the trees of each kind made by depositing at certain together that ripen at the same distances apart (say about fifty time. As our object is to have yards) through the orchard, collections of kindling wood, straw, rotten wood, or any kind of material that will give out a large volume of smoke. This is all and Crawford's early, ripening in tired about midnight, and if there the order in which they are named, is no wind, a dense canopy of are the favorite kinds. Then folsmoke will be formed over the low, Alberge, Large Early York, orchard. If there is a high wind, Crawford's late, Pays, &c. This there will be no necessity for this succession which comprise most protection. of the best varieties known, will last until about the beginning of

3. Facilities for reaching a mar

August, at which time the Jersey market, the free-stone varieties and Delaware orchards come into are to be preferred, as they can be market. Other varieties can be picked whilst hard and firm-and got from the nursery-men which become ripe in the course of a continue through the season, but few days. The cling-stone does as a matter of profit, the Southern orchardist had better lay out his whole stock in the early varieties. After the Northern orchards come into market, prices fall very materially.

In determining the relative proportions of each kind to be planted, due regard must be had to the facilities for sending them off to market, and for gathering, packing and hauling. If opportunities for sending to market occur as often as two or three times per week, and extra pickers can be hired for the time, then a large proportion of the earliest of the above-named should be planted, as the earliest fruit commands the highest price. In an orchard of, say 4,000 trees, the following proportions may be recommended, Hale's early, 1,000, Tillotson's early, 1,000, Amelia, 500, Crawford's early, 500, Crawford's late, 500,

not ripen after being picked from the tree. The varieties mentioned above, with the relative proportion of each, are the kinds usually planted in the large orchards about Aiken, S. C., which for many years previous to the war, sent large quantities of peaches and of very fine quality to the Northern market.

PLANTING OF THE ORCHARD.

The ground should be thoroughly broken up by the plough, (deeper the better,) and then checked off by single furrows, twenty feet square. This distance between the trees will allow of the orchard being cultivated in some useful crop, and thus insure better_cultivation to the trees. At the intersection of these rows the trees are to be set. The holes should be opened at least four or five feet wide and eighteen (18) inches

Pays, 500. For orchards of great- deep. Care must be used not to er or less size, the proportion may set the tree too deep. This is vary somewhat, but under any often a cause of injury, from circumstances, if the greatest which they sometimes never reprofit is to be considered, as large cover. They should be planted a proportion of the earliest kinds no deeper than they originally should be planted as possible. - stood when growing;--and Fifteen or twenty pickers will go slight mound may be drawn up

through 1,000 trees in the course of eight or ten hours, so that they may be gathered in time for packing and hauling.

The nursery catalogues have a large number of choice varieties, from which to select, all of which are good fruit. But in making the selection of fruit for a distant

a

around the stem to keep them firm until the roots strike, and afterwards removed. In opening the holes, throw all the richer surface earth on one side and the poorer subsoil on the other. If the hole is too deep, fill in with some of the surface soil, taking care to have it well pulverized ;