The Gestural Origin of LanguageOxford University Press, 19 апр. 2007 г. - Всего страниц: 168 In The Gestural Origin of Language, Sherman Wilcox and David Armstrong use evidence from and about sign languages to explore the origins of language as we know it today. According to their model, it is sign, not spoken languages, that is the original mode of human communication. The authors demonstrate that modern language is derived from practical actions and gestures that were increasingly recognized as having the potential to represent, and hence to communicate. In other words, the fundamental ability that allows us to use language is our ability to use pictures or icons, rather than linguistic symbols. Evidence from the human fossil record supports the authors' claim by showing that we were anatomically able to produce gestures and signs before we were able to speak fluently. Although speech evolved later as a secondary linguistic communication device that eventually replaced sign language as the primary mode of communication, speech has never entirely replaced signs and gestures. As the first comprehensive attempt to trace the origin of grammar to gesture, this volume will be an invaluable resource for students and professionals in psychology, linguistics, and philosophy. |
Содержание
| 3 | |
| 5 | |
Paleontological and Primatological Evidence for Gestural Origins | 18 |
3 Gesture Sign and Speech | 33 |
The Ritualization of Language | 48 |
5 Conceptual Spaces and Embodied Actions | 77 |
6 The GestureLanguage Interface | 102 |
7 Invention of Visual Languages | 115 |
A Vision of Unity | 131 |
References | 135 |
Index | 147 |
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The Gestural Origin of Language David F. Armstrong,Sherman E. Wilcox,Sherman Wilcox Ограниченный просмотр - 2007 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
action animal communication apes appears arbitrariness Armstrong articulation articulatory ASL sign aspects behavior Bouvet brain Broca’s area Cartesian Cartesian linguists chapter chimpanzees Chomsky classifier constructions cognitive abilities cognitive grammar cognitive iconicity cognitive linguistics complex conceptual space construal deaf described elements emergence of language Emmorey evolution of language evolutionary evolved example FOXP2 function Gallaudet University genetic grammaticization guages Haiman hand handshapes hominids Homo Homo erectus human language iconic manual iconic mapping interactions involved Langacker lexical lexicon linguistic system logograms manual gesture meaning mental spaces mirror neurons modern humans morphemes motivated movement neurological nonhuman primates nouns objects origin of language phonetic phonological precursors primates produced relation represent ritualization role schematic semantic phonology sign linguists signals signed lan signed languages signers spatial speech spoken languages Stokoe Stokoe’s suggests symbolic structures syntax Taub tion tures verb visible gestures visual vocal Wilcox words
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Стр. 51 - I am very closely conjoined ; nevertheless, because, on the one hand, I have a clear and distinct idea of myself, in...
Стр. 28 - Still another interesting group of transfers are the different gesture languages, developed for the use of deaf-mutes, of Trappist monks vowed to perpetual silence, or of communicating parties that are within seeing distance of each other but are out of earshot. Some of these systems are one-to-one equivalences of the normal system of speech ; others, like military gesture-symbolism. or the gesture language of the Plains Indians of North America (understood by tribes of mutually unintelligible forms...
Стр. 8 - Writing, however, insignificant as they are in practice in comparison with Speech and Phonetic Writing, have this great claim to consideration, that we can really understand them as thoroughly as perhaps we can understand anything, and by studying them we can realize to ourselves in some measure a condition of the human mind which underlies anything which has as yet been traced in even the lowest dialect of Language, if taken as a whole. Though, with the exception of words in which we can trace the...
Стр. 47 - New instances of internal inflections are few and limited in scope. The old ones are generally confined to traditional elements of the language; rarely are they applied to new loan words. 2. There are more instances in which inflective categories formed by affixation are reduced in number than cases in which new categories of this type have been added. Relational particles and auxiliary words sometimes fill the function of old inflective endings.11 Recall here our discussion in chapter 4 of the regular...
Стр. 54 - When we ask what human language is, we find no striking similarity to animal communication systems. There is nothing useful to be said about behavior or thought at the level of abstraction at which animal and human communication fall together. The examples of animal communication that have been examined to date do share many of the properties of human gestural systems, and it might be reasonable to explore the possibility of direct connection in this case.
Стр. 51 - I am manifestly aware that I am in need of a peculiar sort of effort on the part of the mind in order to imagine, one that I do not employ in order to understand. This new effort on the part of the mind clearly shows the difference between imagination and pure intellection. Moreover, I consider...
Стр. 7 - In the distant future I see open fields for far more important researches. Psychology will be based on a new foundation, that of the necessary acquirement of each mental power and capacity by gradation. Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history.
Стр. 7 - We should imitate the nature of the thing; the elevation of our hands to heaven would mean lightness and upwardness; heaviness and downwardness would be expressed by letting them drop to the ground; if we were describing the running of a horse, or any other animal, we should make our bodies and their gestures as like as we could to them.
Стр. 55 - The usual way of conceiving of the structure of language is linear: First there are the sounds (phonology), these are put together to make the words and their classes (morphology), the words in turn, are found to be of various classes, and these are used to form phrase structures (syntax), and finally, the phrase structures, after lexical replacement of their symbols, yield meaning (semantics). A semantic phonology ties the last step to the first, making a seamless circuit of this progression. The...
Стр. 51 - ... and which manifests itself in what we may refer to as the "creative aspect" of ordinary language use — its property being both unbounded in scope and stimulus-free.