tonics of l, m, n, ng, r, th, v, and z; and five, with the atonics of f, h, s, th, and sh. 3. Commencing with vocal laughter, the instructor will first utter a tonic, and then, prefixing the oral element of h, and accompanied by the class, he will produce the syllable continuously, subject only to the interruptions that are incidental to inhalations and bursts of laughter; as, ā, hã, hã, hã, hã, hã, etc.,ǎ, hă, hă, hă, hă, etc. 4. The attention of the students will be called to the most agreeable kinds of laughter, and they will be taught to pass naturally and easily from one variety to another. II. SYLLABICATION. I. DEFINITIONS. ASYLLABLE is a word, or part of a word, uttered by a single impulse of the voice. 2. A Monosyllable is a word of one syllable; as, home. 3. A Dissyllable is a word of two syllables; as, homeless. 4. A Trisyllable is a word of three syllables; as, confine-ment. 5. A Polysyllable is a word of four or more syllables; as, in-no-cen-cy, un-in-tel-li-gi-bil-i-ty. 6. The Ultimate is the last syllable of a word; as, ful, in peace-ful. 7. The Penult, or penultimate, is the last syllable but one of a word; as, māk, in peace-mak-er. 8. The Antepenult, or antepenultimate, is the last syllable but two of a word; as ta, in spon-ta-ne-ous. 9. The Preantepenult, or preantepenultimate, is the last syllable but three of a word; as cab, in vo-cab-u-la-ry. INIT II. RULES IN SYLLABICATION. NITIAL CONSONANTS.-The elements of consonants that commence words should be uttered distinctly, but should not be much prolonged. 2. Final Consonants.-Elements that are represented by final consonants should be dwelt upon, and uttered with great distinctness; as, He accepts the office, and attempts by his acts to conceal his faults. 3. When one word of a sentence ends and the next begins with the same consonant, or another that is hard to produce after it, a difficulty in utterance arises that should be obviated by dwelling on the final consonant, and then taking up the one at the beginning of the next word, in a second impulse of the voice, without pausing between them; as, It will pain nobody, if the sad dangler regain neither rope. 4. Final Cognates.-In uttering the elements of the final cognates, b, p, d, t, g, and k, the organs of speech should not remain closed at the several pauses of discourse, but should be smartly separated by a kind of echo; as, I took down my hat-t, and put it upon my head-d. 5. Unaccented Syllables should be pronounced as distinctly as those which are accented; they should merely have less force of voice and less prolongation; as, The thoughtless, helpless, homeless girl did not resent his rudeness and harshness. Very many of the prevailing faults of articulation result from a neglect of these rules, especially the second, the third, and the last. He who gives a full and definite sound to final consonants and to unaccented vowels, if he does it without stiffness or formality, can hardly fail to articulate well. EXERCISE IN SYLLABICATION.' 1. THIRTY years ago, Marseilles' lay burning in the sun, one day. A blazing sun, upon a fierce August day, was (woz) no greater rarity in Southern France then, than at any other time, before or since. 2. Every thing in Marseilles, and about Marseilles, had stared at the fervid sky, and been stared at in return, until a staring habit had become universal there. 3. Strangers were stared out of countenance by staring white houses, staring white walls, staring white streets, staring tracts of arid road, staring hills from which verdure was burnt ǎway. 4. The only things to be seen not firedly staring and glaring were the vines drooping under their load of grapes. These did occasionally wink a little, as the hot air moved their faint leaves. 5. There was no wind to make a ripple on the foul water within the harbor, or on the beautiful sea without. The line of demarkātion between the two colors, black and blue, showed the point which the pure sea would not pass; but it lay as quiet as the abominable pool, with which it never mixed. 6. Boats without awnings were too hot to touch; ships blistered at their moorings; the stones of the quays (kēz) had not cooled for months. 7. The universal stare made the eyes ache. Toward the distant line of Italian (Ĭ tăl' yăn) cōast, indeed, it was a little relieved by light clouds of mist, slowly rising from the evaporation of the sea; but it softened nowhere else. 8. Far away the staring roads, deep in dust, stared from the hillside, stared from the hollow, stared from the interminable plain. Far away the dusty vines overhanging wayside cottages, and the monotonous wayside avenues of parched trees without shade, drooped beneath the stare of earth and sky. 9. So, too, drooped the horses with drowsy bells, in lõng files of carts, creeping slowly toward the interior; so did their recum 1 Direction. Students will give the number and names of the syllables, in words of more than one syllable, and tell what rule for the formation of syllables each letter bent drivers, when they were awake, which rarely happened; so did the exhausted laborers in the fields. 10. Every thing that lived or grew was oppressed by the glare; except the lizard, passing swiftly over rough stone walls, and the cicada, chirping his dry hot chirp, like a rattle. The věry dust was scorched brown, and something quivered in the atmosphere as if the air itself were panting. 11. Blinds, shutters, curtains, awnings, were all closed to keep out the stare. Grant it but a chink or keyhole, and it shot in like a white-hot ǎrrow. 12. The churches were freest from it. To come out of the twilight of pillars and arches-dreamily dotted with winking lamps, dreamily peopled with ugly old shadows piously dozing, spitting, and begging-was to plunge into a fiery river, and swim for life to the nearest strip of shade. 13. So, with people lounging and lying wherever shade was, with but little hum of tongues or barking of dogs, with occasional jangling of discordant church bells, and rattling of vicious drums, Marseilles, a fact to be strongly smelt and tasted, lay broiling in the sun one day. 14. Shall I be left, forgotten in the dust, When Fate, relenting, lets the flower revive? Shall Nature's voice, to Man ălōne unjust, Bid him, though doomed to perish, hope to live? III. ACCENT. I. DEFINITIONS. CCENT is the peculiar force given to one or more syllables of a word. 2. In many trisyllables and polysyllables, of two syllables accented, one is uttered with greater force than the other. The more forcible accent is called primary, and the less forcible, secondary; as, hab-i-TA-tion. Accent Primary 3. The mark of acute accent ['] is used, first, to indi cate primary accent; secondly, the rising inflection; as, Lily, or lil'y. If he húnger, give him bread. 4. The mark of grave accent [] is used to indicate, first, secondary accent; secondly, that the vowel over which it is placed, forms a separate syllable; thirdly, that the vowel is not an alphabetic equivalent, but represents one of its usual oral elements; and fourthly, the falling inflection; as, My benefactor bought the violin. A learnèd man caught that winged thing. Her goodnèss [not goodniss] moved the roughest [not roughist]. Act wisely. The pupil will be required to give the office of each mark in the following EXERCISES IN ACCENT. 1. Hónèst stúdents learn the gréatnèss of hùmílity. 2. Vèrácity first of all, and fòréver. 3. That bléssèd and belóvèd child loves évèry wíngèd thing. 4. Hunting men, not béasts, shall be his game. 5. A fool with júdges; among fools, a judge. 6. The agreeʼable arʼtisan' made an adʼmirable părʼasol for that beauʼtiful Russian (rush'an) laʼdy. 7. No'tice the marks of ac'cent, and al'ways accent' correct'ly words that should have but one ac'cent, as in sen'sible, vaga'ry, cir'cumstances, difficulty, in'teresting, etc. 8. Costúme, mánnèrs, ríchès, civilizátion, have no pérmanènt ínterest for him. His héedlèssnèss offénds his trúèst friends. 9. In a crowded life, on a stage of nátions, or in the obscúrèst hámlèt, the same bléssèd élemènts óffer the same rich choices to each new cómer. |