immediate occasion for combined energy, and when the noblest and perhaps the most valuable quality in the character of a general is confidence in his soldiers. Your heart must have glowed when you heard of that heroic and sublime battle-cry-England expects every man to do his duty, What then must have been its power on those who heard it, with the enemy full in sight? The spirit that gave it could not but conquer; well might he feel that in giving it he had done the utmost he could do; and the shout that replied to it from the whole fleet, was an instantaneous assurance of victory. This too was one of the victories of faith.

J. C. HARE

394. THE MATERIALISTS REFUTED. Let any part of this corporeal mass be refined by the subtlest division, let it be agitated by the quickest motion, let it be modelled into what shape or fashion you please, how can any man imagine either knowledge, or appetite or passion thence to result? or that it should thence acquire a power of moving itself or another adjacent body? Even, I say, this inferior locomotive faculty is too high for matter, by any change it can undergo, to obtain for we, as inward experience or conscience of what we do may teach us, determine ourselves commonly to action, and move the corporeal instruments subject to our will and command, not by force of any precedent bodily impression or impulse, but either according to mere pleasure, or in virtue of somewhat spiritual and abstracted from matter, acting upon us not by a physical energy, but by moral representation, in a manner more easily conceived than expressed; for no man surely is so dull, that he cannot perceive a huge difference between being dragged by a violent hand and drawn to action by a strong reason, although it may puzzle him to express that difference. Such a proposition of truth, such an apprehension of events possible, such an appearance of good or evil consequent,-things nowhere existent without us, nor having in them anything of corporeal subsistence, nor therefore capable of corporeal operation,—are all the engines that usually impel us to action.

I. BARROW

395. To justifie therefore our former misdeeds, in my thoughts, it is convenient to increase them with new; and by the artifice of redoubling our mischiefs, our conflagrations and

THE SPEECH OF A PLEBEIAN TO THE FLORENTINES.

robberies, to allure and ingage more companions to our party. For where many are guilty, none are punished; and though small faults are revenged, great ones are generally rewarded. Nor is there any difficulty to discourage us. It seems to me, the enterprise is not only easie but certain, because those who should oppose us are divided and rich: their divisions will give us the victory, and their riches, when we have got them shall maintain it. Let not the antiquity of their blood dismay you, though objected so insolently. All men having the same original are equally ancient, and nature has made no difference in their contexture: strip them naked, you are as well as they : dress them in your rags and your selves in their robes, and you will doubtless be the nobles; for 'tis nothing but poverty and riches that discriminates betwixt you. It troubles me to think, that there are many of you unquiet in your consciences for what you have done, and resolved to be guilty of no more. If it be so, I was mistaken in my judgment, and you are not the persons I thought you. Neither conscience, nor disgrace, ought at all to deterr you; they that overcome, let the means be what they will, are never troubled with the dishonour. And for conscience, you ought not to be concerned. Where the fear of famine and death and prisons are so pregnant, there is no room for apprehensions of Hell. Observe the ways and progress of the world. You will find the rich, the great and the potent arrive at all that wealth and grandeur and authority by violence or fraud; and when once they are possessed, you will see with what confidence and security they gild over the brutality of their usurpations with the unjust but glorious title of acquests. Observe on the other side those whose pusillanimity or sottishness afrights them from those courses, what becomes of them? they are choked up and consumed in servitude and poverty; honest servants are perpetual servants; good men are always badly provided for; the bold and unscrupulous do soonest free themselves from bondage, and the most fraudulent and rapacious from indigence and distress.

N. MACHIAVELLI

396. GREEK RELIGION. He looked not to an existence of shadowy contemplation, to clearer views of what on earth was dark and mysterious, he dreamed not of merging his personal humanity by absorption into the bosom of an abstract Infinite; his very paradise was local and human.

His thoughts of another world turned to the calm splendours of the West, where the setting sun seemed to descend to light another and a purer earth. The giant stream of Ocean severed the world of care and toil from the bright realm of rest and happiness; on its other shore was the brighter land where the sun was never clouded, where the earth needed not the toil of man, to bring forth fairer and purer fruits than the Eastern side of the mighty river might behold. But they were still men who dwelt there; it was to dwell among those of whom his poets sung, who had here been just and valiant, with them to lead a toilless and a careless life, with the festive crown for ever on his brow, that the Greek dreamed of as his highest and holiest aspiration. And yet more : to his imagination all nature was full of life: sky, sea, and earth, woods, mountains, rivers, swarmed with beings higher than man, but still beings of human form and swayed by human passions. MAX MÜLLER

397. A KING is a thing Men have made for their own sakes, for quietness-sake. Just as in a Family one Man is appointed to buy the Meat; if every Man should buy, or if there were many buyers, they would never agree, one would buy what the other liked not, or what the other had bought before, so there would be a confusion. But that charge being committed to one, he according to his Discretion pleases all; if they have not what they would have one day, they shall have it the next, or something as good. Kings are all individual, this or that king, there is no species of kings. A King that claims privileges in his own country, because they have them in another, is just as a Cook, that claims Fees in one Lord's House because they are allowed in another. Master of the House will yield them, well and good.

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