b. The boys let the dog swim. All the men saw him die. Tom let his cousin see the nest. Jack made his dog bark. The people felt the house shake. I heard the thunder roar. The blacksmith hears the parson pray. The sick man bade them send for a doctor. Nobody dared leap across the wild river. The father made Richard keep the promise. No one need fear this dog. The king watched the knight attack his enemy. The horse helped us stand against the current. Will you let the baby try to walk?

26. We have seen that, whether it tells of doing or of being, the Verb is always the word that makes the assertion or says something to or about a person or thing. A Verb of doing may say

(1) What a person or thing does. (See Exercises 10 and 13.) (2) What is done to a person or thing. (See paragraph 17 and Exercise 19.)

The Verb be may

(1) Say that a person or thing exists. (See paragraph 11, Note.) (2) Help1 to say something about a person or thing. (See paragraphs 11, 12, 17.)

Exercise 25.

In the following sentences pick out the Verbs and the Infinitives:

The dog barks. The horse gallops. The bird chirps. The clock ticks. The knife cuts. The cat mews. The teacher writes. The pigs feed. The tailor sews.

The sea moans.

butterfly rests. The lion roars.

The river runs. The tree waves. The

Violets bloom in spring. The gas burns brightly. That fellow struck James. Mary rang the bell. Annie arrived from Rome. The snake bit the baby. William conquered England. The miller ground the The little girl ran to her father. Horses draw the plow.

corn.

Ash is tough. Oak is hard. Walking is healthful. Sleep is refreshing. The Cambrian Mountains are in Wales. The Romans were good road-makers. The sailors are in a boat. The butter was quite fresh. The church was very old.

There is a cat in the garden. There was a dish on the table. There were twenty people present. There are sheep on the hill.

1 See "Notes for Teachers," p. 319, Note 4.

The fisherman has a new net. The woman has had a letter from her Cows have cloven hoofs. Jack is having his dinner. The farmer had forty pigs. The king had three sons.

son.

The old man was sitting under a tree. The house was burned. The roses were scattered by the wind. The carpet was beaten this morning. The mower was bitten by a snake. That book is liked. England was conquered by William. The corn was ground by the miller. The father was called by a little girl. The cheeses were eaten by mice. is caught with a hook. The flowers were gathered by Ellen.

That fish

That carving is much admired. The lady was nearly stunned. Snow had newly fallen. The sun has just risen. The moon was almost setting. Amelia is always reading. Nelly had often driven the horse. The week has quickly gone. The bells were merrily ringing. Has Bob heard the news? Is William coming to-day? Were the goods sent home?

Willy pretended to be a bear. Fred told his brother to keep the knife. The people were going to hear a lecture. Ethel is learning to play the violin. The messenger was told to return at once. The hunter wants to find a fox. This lesson has to be learned. The children ought to mind their books. The boy dared not meet his father. The smith hears his daughter sing. The mother let the girl go home.

The lion and the unicorn

Were fighting for the crown;

The lion beat the unicorn

All round about the town.

Two little kittens one stormy night
Began to quarrel and then to fight.

A was an apple pie ;

B bit it;

C cut it;

D dealt it;

E eat it;

F fought for it.

Jack and Jill went up the hill

To fetch a pail of water.

A fox jumped up on a moonlight night;

The stars were shining and all things were bright.

Three wise men of Gotham
Went to sea in a bowl;

If the bowl had been stronger

My story would have been longer.

WORDS USED BOTH AS NOUNS AND AS VERBS.

27. Some words may be both Nouns and Verbs. To decide what one of these words is in any given case consider how it is used.

(1) If it is the name of anything it is a Noun.

(2) If it says something about or to any person or thing it is a Verb.

Say whether each of the words printed in italics is a Noun or a Verb, and give the reason.

There was some talk about the business. Some people talk too much. Dogs bite. The thief had a bad bite. The bark of some dogs is worse than their bite. Dogs bark. The girls had a pleasant ride. The girls ride well. The walk was very enjoyable. Old men walk slowly. The laundress irons the shirt. The sailor was put in irons. Mr. Smith has too many irons in the fire. Birds fly. A fly is on the window. Good boys like work. Good boys work hard. Names are nouns. Harry names the nouns. Cruel drivers whip horses. The driver has a new whip. Tom rose early. Tom plucked a rose. The teacher set the exercises. The pupil worked a set of exercises. Children honor their parents. Children give their parents honor. They scale high cliffs in search of eggs. Put the butter in the scale. That plan is drawn to scale. There is a sign above the door. Sign your names.

Exercise 27.

Put each of the following words into two sentences, using it as a Noun in the first sentence and as a Verb in the second.

Harm. Wrong. Right. Salt. Blind. Steel. Steep. Fast. Hit. Pinch. Run. Love. Milk. Crowd. Shoe. Cover. Drink. Sleep. Guide. Call. Judge. Beat. Doubt. Dream. End. Report. Part. Leave. Stroke. Hate. Guard. Change. Stone. Act. Tread. Retreat. Look. Sup. Murder. Mark. Place. Plant. Hurt. Wish. Fear. Hope. Spy. Dance. Fire. Ruin. Sail. Paper. Butter. Prey. Wound. Manure. Blame. Pardon. Cheat. Watch. Knock. Silence. Smack. Pain. Welcome. Praise.

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE.

28. A sentence is the statement of a thought in words. 29. The sentence "Mary writes" consists of two parts:1. The name of the person of whom we are speaking-Mary, and 2. What we say about Mary-writes.

30. Every sentence, however long, has two such parts. The part denoting the person or thing spoken about is called the Subject.

What we say about the person or thing denoted by the Subject is called the Predicate.

31. As the Verb is the Part of Speech by means of which we can say something about a person or thing, it follows that there must always be a Verb in the Predicate. In many sentences the Predicate is a Verb alone; but usually there are other words in the Predicate besides the Verb.

32. When you wish to find the Subject of a sentence, always look first for the Verb; that will be the whole or a part of the Predicate. Then ask, "Who?" or "What? before the Verb; the answer will be the Subject.

Thus, John runs.

Which is the Verb ?-Runs.

The Predicate is runs.

Who runs ?-John.

Therefore the Subject is John.

Fire burns.

Which is the Verb ?-Burns.

The Predicate is burns.

What burns ?-Fire.

Therefore the Subject is fire.

Exercise 28.

a. Pick out thus the Subjects and the Predicates of the

sentences given in Exercise 10.

b. Treat similarly the following sentences:

Rain is falling. Rain has fallen. Stars are shining. Letters have been posted. Lions were killed. Cattle are grazing. Soldiers were watching. School is closed. Traps were set. Donkeys are braying.

Exercise 29.

Place Subjects before the following Predicates:

Mew. Chatter. Grunt. Ran. Hum. Fly. Crow. Was writing. Has been digging. Are bleating. Is falling. Is coming.

Additional Predicates:-Exercise 12.

Exercise 30.

Pick out thus the Subjects and the Predicates of the sentences given in Exercises 13, 14, 19, and 20: