COMPOUND SENTENCES. 521. Sentences made up of two or more Simple or Complex sentences connected by Coördinating Conjunctions are called Compound Sentences, 522. The members of a Compound Sentence sometimes follow one another without expressed Conjunctions; as, The way was long, the wind was cold, The minstrel was infirm and old. We have here three coördinate clauses: 1. The way was long. 2. The wind was cold. 3. The minstrel was infirm and old. 523. The Clauses of a Compound Sentence are usually joined by expressed Conjunctions; as, They had been friends in youth, But whispering tongues can poison truth, And life is thorny and youth is vain. Here we have five coördinate clauses joined by Conjunctions. A Subordinate Clause is dependent upon some other part of a Complex Sentence; Coördinate Clauses are quite independent of each other. 524. In analyzing Compound Sentences treat each Coördinate Clause as though it stood alone. 525. In analyzing a Compound Sentence which contains nor or neither and nor, it may be necessary to put in an Adverb of negation. The Compound Sentence "The boy was not clever, nor was he good" may be separated into 1. The boy was not clever. Exercise 226. Analyze the following sentences. Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it. The stream will not flow and the hill will not rise We lay beneath a spreading oak, Beside a mossy seat, And from the turf a fountain broke The waves beside them danced, but they The rainbow comes and goes, And lovely is the rose. The good south wind still blew behind, But no sweet bird did follow, Nor any day for food or play Came to the mariner's hollo. 526. A Compound Sentence may be made up not only of Coördinate Simple Clauses, but of Coördinate Complex Clauses; as, "I love my brother because he is kind, and I admire him because he is clever;" or of a Simple and a Complex Clause; as, "I speak what I do know, and I lie not." 527. Note that Subordinate Clauses may also be compounded; as, "We saw your sister when we were going and when we were coming back." We have here two Subordinate Clauses which are Coördinate; together they may be regarded as a Compound Subordinate Clause. The whole sentence is a Complex Sentence, having but one principal assertion, we saw. Exercise 227. Analyze the following sentences. a. Charity creates much of the misery it relieves, but does not relieve all the misery it creates. He says what he means and he means what he says. You cannot have what you like, but you can like what you have. The laugher will be for those that have most wit, and the serious for those that have most reason. He that observeth the wind shall not sow, and he that regardeth the clouds shall not reap. If thou be wise, thou shalt be wise for thyself; but if thou scornest, thou alone shalt bear it. 'Tis said with sorrow time can cope, But this I feel can ne'er be true. b. The Lord shall send upon thee cursing until thou be destroyed and until thou perish quickly. We thought as we hollowed his narrow bed And smoothed down his lonely pillow, How the foe and the stranger would tread o'er his head. I do not know how old you are Or whether you can speak. When the rose reigns and locks with ointment shine REVIEW. Learn again: 528. Separating a sentence into its unit-parts or Elements is called Analyzing the sentence. 529. Every sentence must have two parts, the Subject and the Predicate. The Subject is the word or words denoting the person or thing spoken about (or spoken to). The Predicate is what is said about or to the person or thing denoted by the Subject. 530. The Simple Subject may be (1) A Noun. (2) A Pronoun. (3) An Adjective used as a Noun. (4) An Infinitive. (5) A Gerund. (6) A Noun Clause. 531. The Object may be (1) A Noun. (2) A Pronoun, etc. [like the Subject (par. 530)]. 532. The Attribute may be (1) An Adjective. (2) A Noun, etc. [like the Subject (par. 530)]. Also, (8) A Prepositional Phrase. 533. A Noun or Pronoun, whether used as the Subject, the Object, the Attribute, or the object of a Preposition, may be enlarged by (1) An Adjective. (2) A Noun or Pronoun in the Possessive Case. (3) A Noun in Apposition. (4) A Participle or a Participle with Adjuncts. (6) An Infinitive Phrase. (7) An Adjective Clause. 534. An Infinitive or a Gerund, whether used as the Subject, the Object, the Attribute, or the object of a Preposition, may be enlarged by (1) An Object. (2) An Attribute. (3) An Adverbial Element. 535. The Simple Predicate consists of (1) An Intransitive Verb, or (2) A Transitive Verb with its Object, or 536. The Simple Predicate may be enlarged by (1) Adjuncts to the Verb (Adverbial Word, Phrase, or Clause Elements). (2) Adjuncts to the Object (see pars. 533 and 534). (3) Adjuncts to the Attribute (see pars. 533 and 534). When the Attribute is an Adjective, an Infinitive, a Gerund, or a Prepositional Phrase, it may be enlarged by Adverbial elements (word, phrase, or clause). 537. An Adjective Adjunct or an Adverbial Adjunct, as well as a Verb, may be modified by Adverbial Adjuncts, expressing time, place, degree, manner, cause, result, purpose, condition, or concession. 538. Any Adjunct of a Noun or a Pronoun is an Adjective Element (word, phrase, or clause). 539. Sentences are Simple, Complex, or Compound. 540. A Simple Sentence is one which has only one Subject and one Predicate; but either the Subject or the Predicate, or both, may be compound. 541. A Complex Sentence is one which, besides one principal Subject and Predicate (simple or compound), contains one or more Subordinate Clauses that have Subjects and Predicates of their own. 542. Subordinate Clauses are divided into (1) Noun Clauses. (2) Adjective Clauses. (3) Adverbial Clauses. |