543. A Noun Clause may be in a Complex Sentence

(1) The Subject.

(2) The Attribute.

(3) The Object.

(4) The Object of a Preposition.

(5) In Apposition.

544. An Adjective Clause always modifies some Noun or Pronoun.

545. An Adverbial Clause may modify a Verb, or a Verbal, an Adjective Element, or an Adverbial Element, and may be of the sorts mentioned in par. 537.

546. A Compound Sentence is one which consists of two or more Sentences, simple or complex, joined by Co-ordinating Conjunctions.

SUPPLEMENT TO PART III.

I. ANALYSIS BY DIAGRAMS.'

547. To diagram a sentence is to write it in such a way as to show the grammatical relations of its parts. Thus the sentence "I wrote the letter to-day" may be diagrammed:

66

I wrote | letter
the
to-day

548. In making a diagram, always draw first a horizontal line, and above this write the Simple Subject and the Simple Predicate, separating them by a vertical line crossing the horizontal line. The Simple Predicate (read again par. 463) may be merely an Intransitive Verb; or, as in the example above given, a Transitive Verb and its Object; or a Copulative Verb and the Attribute.

The Object is to be separated from the Transitive Verb by a light vertical line, not crossing the horizontal line. An Attribute is separated from the Copulative Verb by a dash; thus,

That is the American flag.

that is flag

American
the

549. (a) Adjuncts are always to be placed below what they modify, and either to the right or the left, at pleasure, as in the two diagrams already given.

1 See "Notes for Teachers," p. 325, Note 34.

(b) Words supplied are to be put in brackets.

(c) Connectives must show, by their position in the diagram, what they join.

(d) Since phrases are simple elements, the two words forming an Infinitive or a Prepositional Phrase must never be separated in a diagram.

Exercise 228.

Examine the following diagrams and tell what they show : Slowly and sadly we laid him down

1.

2. My sister and I received a box yesterday, sent by express from

4. The cool breath of morning was in our nostrils.

Diagram the sentences found on pages 234–236.

550. In the diagrams of Complex Sentences, we place a Clause element just where we should place a word or phrase element having the same use or office in the sentence.' Thus

1. Clause Subject. That you have not succeeded is your own fault.

2. Clause Object. They tell me you have been somewhat

3. Clause Object. Do you know who he is?

1 Note that in the diagrams of Complex Sentences we use a double vertical line to separate the principal Subject from its Verb.

2 That, in sentence No. 1, is an introductory conjunction. It, in such a sentence as No. 4, is an expletive or attendant element.

5. Clause Attribute. The main question is whether such a plan is wise.

6. Clause in Apposition. We had a hope that

come in time.

We had hope

a that

you

would come
in time

7. Adjective Clause. The man that hath no music in himself is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils.

8. Adjective Clause. Here is the ink which I prefer.

9. Adjective Clause. Is this what you want?

this is [that]

you want what

1 Such a clause is an adjective element. (See par. 508.)

2 Note that which, in this diagram, must be placed as the Object to prefer, and yet that, like all Relative Pronouns, it serves as a connective and must be placed next the joining stem from ink.