Exercise 254. 1. Form Adjectives from comic, teach, censor, hurry, plaint, rest. 2. What are the Suffixes in general, gregarious, divine, patent, cautious, culpable, copious, verbose, loquacious, timid, indicative? 606. Verbs are formed by the Suffixes -ate; as, alien-ate, assassin-ate. -fy; as, classi-fy, magni-fy. -ish; as, flour-ish, pun-ish, nour-ish. Exercise 255. Make a list of ten Verbs ending in -fy, three ending in -ate, and four ending in -ish. 607. V. Prefixes of Greek Origin. A (not, without, want of); as, a-pathy (want of feeling). Ana (up); as, ana-tomy (a cutting up). Anti (against); as, anti-pathy (a feeling against). Apo (from, away); as, apo-strophe (literally a turning away). Cata (down, over); as, cata-strophe (literally an over-turning). Dia (through); as, dia-meter (measure through). En (in, on, at); as, en-caustic (burnt in). Also em; as, em-phatic (spoken with stress on). Ex (out of); as, ex-odus (a passage out of). Exo (without, out of doors); as, exo-teric (external). Hyper (over, above); as, hyper-criticism. Hypo (from under, beneath); as, hypo-thesis (that which is placed under-as a ground-work or foundation of a proposition). Meta (after); as, meta-physics (the science which comes after Para (beside); as, para-phrase (a phrase beside the one given). Syn (with, together); as, syn-thesis (a placing with, building Also in the forms sy, syl, sym; as, sy-stem (that which is formed of parts placed together), syl-lable (letters taken together) sym-pathy (a feeling with). Exercise 256. 1. Give the meanings of the Prefixes in an-onymous, ana-logy, apo-logy, cata-comb, em-phatic, eu-logy, hyper-criticism, meta-morphosis. 2. What are the Prefixes in period, syllogism, system, parable, exotic, amphibious? 3. Place as many Prefixes as possible before thesis, pathy, and logy or logue (from lego, speak). VI. Suffixes of Greek Origin. 608. Nouns have Greek Suffixes -ic; as, log-ic, mus-ic. -ac; as, mani-ac. -sis, -sy, -se; as, paraly-sis, pal-sy, eclip-se. -y; as, anarch-y, monarch-y. -isk (a diminutive); as, aster-isk, obel-isk. -ize, -ise (forming Verbs); as, bapt-ize, critic-ise. -ist; as, bapt-ist, soph-ist. Exercise 257. 1. What are the Suffixes in anatomy, arithmetic, emphasis, hypocrisy, sophist, and asterisk? 2. Make Verbs ending in -ize, or -ise. WORDS FORMED BY INTERNAL CHANGES. 609. Nouns are formed (1) By change of Vowel. (a) From other Nouns; as, kit (from cat), tip (from top). (b) From Verbs; as, bliss (from bless), food (from feed), song (from sing), tale (from tell). (2) By change of Consonant (from Verbs); as, ditch (from dig), speech (from speak), strife (from strive). (3) By change of Vowel and Consonant. (a) From Nouns; as, kid (from goat), chick (from cock). (b) From Verbs; as, breach (from break), life (from live), watch (from wake), woof (from weave). Exercise 258. 1. Form Nouns from the Verbs choose, knit, prove, scrape, believe, dig, bake. 2. From what Verbs are the following formed ?—Bond, stroke, ditch, watch, proof, drove, share. 3. From what Nouns are kit, tip, kid, and chick derived? 610. Adjectives are formed— (1) By change of Vowel. (a) From Nouns; as, hot (from heat), proud (from pride). (b) From Verbs; as, live (from live). (2) By change of Vowel and Consonant; as, chill (from cool). Exercise 259. 1. From what words are full, wrong, hot, proud, and chill derived? 611. Verbs are formed (1) By change of Vowel. (a) From Nouus; as, gild (from gold), bleed (from blood). (b) From Adjectives; as, fill (from full). (c) From Verbs; as, raise (from rise), fell (from fall), set (from sit). (2) By change of Consonant. (a) From Nouns; as, to house (from house), wreathe (from wreath). (b) From Verbs; as, wince (from wink), dodge (from dog). (3) By change of Vowel and Consonant. (a) From Nouns; as, graze (from grass), breathe (from breath). (b) From Verbs; as, dredge (from drag), watch (from wake). Exercise 260. 1. From what words are the following Verbs derived ?—Heal, calve, halve, drip, shelve, glaze, hitch. 2. Form Verbs from price, advice, rise, lie, drink, wind, chop. NOTES FOR TEACHERS I. On Some Points of Grammar. 1. Teachers may be found who are careful to tell their pupils that a Noun is the name of a thing and not the thing itself, and who yet will say that a Verb tells what a Noun does. A very little thought will show that a Verb (if it speaks at all of doing) tells of the action of some person or thing, and not of the action of some Noun. 2. Only the Third Person of the Verb be is given in pars. 10 and 11; the First and Second Persons will be given after Pronouns. 3. The other auxiliary Verbs, can, could, may, might, must, do, and did, will be dealt with in Part II. 4. Young teachers should avoid the common error of saying that the Verb be tells what a thing is. In the sentence Sugar is sweet, is certainly does not say what sugar is. In logic, sweet is the Predicate and is the Copula. 5. The emphatic use of these words is dealt with in pars. 223, 224. 6. The definition of a Pronoun given in par. 43 would not satisfy a logician, but a definition which would satisfy a logician would not satisfy a teacher of young children, for it would be unintelligible to them. 7. The word article is from the Latin articulus, a small joint. The articles may be considered as the small joints in a sentence. 66 Dr. Abbott ["How to Parse," p. xix.] defines Article as A name (a) Correctly given by the Greeks to their Article, because it served as a joint uniting several words together. (b) Then loosely applied by the Latins (as was natural, seeing they had no Article) to any short word, whether Verb, Conjunction, or Pronoun. (c) Foolishly introduced into English and once used to denote the and a." 8. Adjectives used without Nouns will be dealt with in Part II. (See pars. 269-271.) |