98. The Subject is found by asking Who? or What? before the Predicate.

99. A Declarative Sentence is one that makes a statement or assertion.

100. An Interrogative Sentence is one that asks a question. 101. An Imperative Sentence is one that expresses a command or an entreaty.

102. A Pronoun is a word used instead of a Noun.

103. An Adjective is a word used with a Noun (or a Pronoun) to describe or to limit that which the Noun denotes. 104. Infinitives and Participles are called Verbals, because they are derived from Verbs.

105. An Adverb is a word used to modify a Verb (or a Verbal), an Adjective, another Adverb, or a statement.

106. A Preposition is a word placed before a Noun, or a Pronoun, to show the relation between the person or thing named and what is denoted by some other word in the sentence.

107. A Conjunction is a word used to join a word or group of words to another word or group of words.

108. An Interjection is a word thrown into a sentence to express some feeling.

Exercise 76.

Say what Part of Speech each word printed in italics is.

Farmers till the ground. day. Look in the till.

The miller ground the corn. Stay till SunMary lives in a beautiful place. Place the candle on the table. The people pay taxes. The king taxes the people. The laborer's pay is small. The laborer is worthy of his hire. The farmers hire servants. The weather is fine. The ship can weather the storm. Ring the bell. Mary has a pretty ring. There is a fly on the window. Swallows fly very far. Bob is a fast pony. Bob runs fast. The soldiers gave three cheers. The father cheers his little boy. The boy was little hurt. Who can calm the stormy sea? After the storm comes a calm. The day was calm. No man can still the waves. The waves are still. The waves are still raging. Whiskey is made in a still. The children made a snow man. There is snow on the mountain. The

summer.

The sun is warm in

There are many companies
Shepherds give water to
the people give him praise.
Shut the door. The door

mountain air is keen. The summer sun is warm. There are many city companies. in the city. Shepherds water their flocks. their flocks. All the people praise him. All John tried to better himself. John is better. is shut. Iron is common. The ass was grazing on the common. Tom lagged behind. The garden is behind the house. He told me not to walk on. He told me not to walk on the grass. We went up and down. We went up and down the street. William came first; James came after. William came after me. My brother cannot stay till you come. My brother cannot stay till Sunday.

Exercise 77.

Say what Part of Speech each word is in the following sentences, thus:

The wedding-guest here beat his breast,
For he heard the loud bassoon.

I lost my poor little doll.

I never could find where she lay.
The days are cold, the nights are long.
The kitten sleeps upon the hearth.

My little white kitten now wants to go out.
When my mother died I was very young.
Oh, green was the corn as I rode on my way.
The clouds are scudding across the moon.
We were crowded in the cabin.

Up rose old Barbara Frietchie then.
Britannia needs no bulwarks.

No useless coffin enclosed his breast.
Slowly and sadly we laid him down.
Three blind mice, see how they run.

The dew was falling fast, the stars began to blink.

Now see him mounted once again.

Hurrah! hurrah! a single field hath turned the chance of war.

Two robin-redbreasts built their nest

Within a hollow tree.

The mountain and the squirrel

The warm sun is failing, the bleak wind is wailing,
The bare boughs are sighing, the pale flowers are dying.
Night sank upon the dusky beach and on the purple sea;
Such night in England ne'er had been nor e'er again shall be.

Dr. Johnson pretended to despise actors and actresses, but he treated Mrs. Siddons with great politeness. She called on him, and his servant could not readily find a chair for her. "You see, Madam," said the doctor, "wherever you go no seats can be got."

A Cambridge student sent to another student to borrow a book. "I never lend my books out," said he, "but if the gentleman chooses to come to my rooms he may use them there." A few days after, the bookowner sent to the other student to borrow a pair of bellows. "I never lend my bellows out," was the answer, "but if the gentleman chooses to come to my rooms he may use them there."

PART II.

CLASSIFICATION AND INFLECTION.

NOUNS.

PROPER NOUNS.

Work again Exercises 1 and 2.

109. A word which is the name of a particular person, animal, place, or thing, is called a Proper' Noun.

A Proper Noun when written or printed should always have a capital letter.

Exercise 78.

Pick out the Proper Nouns.

King Arthur's sword was called Excalibur. Jupiter was the chief god of the Romans. Melbourne is the largest town in Australia. We get gold from California and Victoria. John struck James with a stick. My dog is called Spot, and Mary's cat is called Snowy. The farmer has a horse, Smiler. The ship was named the Thunderer.

The Northern Star

Sailed over the bar,

Bound to the Baltic Sea.

William sailed from Normandy, landed near Hastings, won a battle at Senlac, marched to London, and conquered England. The Duke of Wellington had a famous charger called Copenhagen. Captain John

Smith landed at Jamestown, Virginia.

COMMON NOUNS.2

Work again Exercises 3, 4, 5, and 6.

110. A word that is the name of each person or thing belonging to a class of persons or things of the same kind is called a Common3 Noun,

1 From the French propre, from the Latin proprius, one's own. A Proper Noun is the own name of a thing.

2 See "Notes for Teachers," p. 320, Note 12.

3 Common (from the Latin commun-is, shared by several, common) means belonging to more than one.

Exercise 79.

Pick out the Common Nouns.

Once, when Rubens the famous artist was traveling in Spain, he visited a convent. The monks took him all over the buildings. Above the altar in the chapel he saw a beautiful picture. "Who painted that masterpiece?" he asked. "A lay brother," answered the abbot. "Then he is a great painter," said Rubens; "let me see him that I may tell him so." Such words from such a judge were too much for the poor man; he took a few steps forward and fell dead at Rubens's feet.

Our buskins on our feet we drew;

With mittened hands, and caps drawn low,

To guard our necks and ears from snow,
We cut the solid whiteness through.

COLLECTIVE NOUNS.

111. We may give names not only to persons or things but to groups of persons or things. Thus a group of men may be a crowd, or an army, a jury, a congress. A group of animals may be a herd, a troop, a flock. A group of things may be a dozen, a score, a lot. Being the names of groups or collections, these Nouns are called Collective Nouns,

Exercise 80.

Pick out the Collective Nouns.

Abraham had great flocks and herds. Seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain. When the army was defeated many regiments suffered severely, and some companies were almost destroyed. Congress appointed a committee to consider the matter. The Jewish nation was made up of twelve tribes and each tribe was made up of a number of families. The nation rejoiced when the fleet was victorious. The police dispersed the mob. The clans were often at war. The jury found the prisoner guilty. The School Board meets every week. The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea. Several of the crew deserted. There was a great crowd in the streets. Tom is in the fifth class. The shepherd is watching his flock. The postmaster was a member of the council. The new committee tried to undo the work of the old.