A

ARNOLD, Mr. Matthew, 84.
Atomic Theory of Lucretius, 111; matter indestruc-
tible and eternal, 112; atoms, or the seeds of
things, 118; perpetual motion of atoms, 114;
energy due to motion of atoms, 115; varying
density of bodies, explained by vacuum, 116;
gravitation, 117; "declination of atoms," ib.;
free will and atoms, 118; indestructibility of
motion, 119; Newton, Leibnitz, Davy, and Joule,
ib.; summary of the theory, 120; Descartes, 121;
Leibnitz, ib.; Bernoulli, 122; Hobbes, 123; Sir
William Thomson's vortex atoms, 124; law of
gravitation, 125; is the theory of gravitation
final? ib.; Lesage, 126; atomic theory of gravi-
tation, ib.; problem of the constitution of matter
yet unsolved, 127; summary of atomic theo-
ries, ib.

B

Brain, the: its divisions, and the fluids with which
it is supplied, 265, 266.
Bunsen, Memoirs of Baron, 228; former estimate
of German intellectual capacity entertained in
Britain, 229; growth of German literature, 229,
230; altered state of the British mind as to
things German, 230, 281; parentage of Bunsen,
231; his life as a student, 231, 232; meets Nie-
buhr in Rome: appointed Prussian Resident
there: his marriage, 232, 233; leaves Rome, and
comes to England, 233; becomes Prussian repre-
sentative in Switzerland, and afterwards Prussian
Minister in England, 234; his last years, ib.;
estimate of his character, 234, 235; Bunsen an
English-German, 235; his piety, 236; a lyric,
237; the English side of his character, ib.; his
love of England, 237, 248; his theology, 239-
241; value of his theological works, 241, 242;
his work on Egypt, 242; value of the 'Memoirs,'
ib.; letters to Lücke, 248, 244; his remarks on
the antagonism between English and German na-
ture, 243; his opinion of religious thought in
England, 244; letter to Renan, 245; letter to
one of his sons, ib.; the Queen and Prince Al-
bert, 246; relative value and position of French,
German, and English civilisation, 246, 247; his
political opinions, 248; remarks on his career as
a diplomatist, 249, 250.
Burns, poetry of, 182,

Butler, Bishop,-his ethical theory, 73-76.

с

Combination amongst workmen; see Trade-Unions.
Churches and Creeds, 211; address of Dean Stanley
on the connexion of Church and State, ib.; his
idea of the Church, 218; his analogy between a
State Establishment and the early Church, 213,
214; unsatisfactoriness of his argument, 214;
how he deals with objections, 214, 215; the Non-
conformists, 215; the Scottish Free Church, ib.;
the Liberal school, 216; what ought to be the
present policy of the Scotch and English Estab-
lishments in regard to non-established Churches,
217, 218; alternative of disestablishment, 218;
legal results of disestablishment, 219; inconsis-

tencies of Dean Stanley, 220; relation of churches
to their creeds, 221; characteristics of Mr. Innes's
work on the Law of Creeds,' 221, 222; neces-
sity of the periodical revision of creeds and arti-
cles, 222, 223; claims of the High Church party,
228; the Scottish Church, 224; High Church
claims refuted by the logic of events, ib.; rela-
tion of Scottish Churches to their creeds, 225;
right of revision claimed and exercised, 226, 227;
legal position of non-established Churches, 227,
Crusades, the; see Louis, St.
Culdees of Britain; see Montalembert.

228.

E

Education-Schools and Universities, 155; Mr.
Lowe's four "principles " subversive of classical
studies, 156; Sydney Smith's article, "Too much
Latin and Greek," 157; substance of the "Essays
on a Liberal Education," ib.; the learning of
grammar, 158; Latin and Greek verse-making,
ib.; "bifurcation" in schools and colleges, 159;
"practical changes" recommended by Mr. Sidg-
wick, ib.; Mr. Mill on educational reform, 159,
160; scientific instruction, 160, 161; what place
ought the teaching of English to occupy in our
system? 161, 162; the idea of the Essays" a
mistake, 162, 168; faults of the Editor's essay,
and of his lecture at the Royal Institution, 163,
164; translations of the classics, 165; impor-
tance of the study of the original, 165, 166;
peculiar value to us of the life and languages of
the ancients, 166; liberal education in connexion
with our Universities, 167; Scotch Universities,
167, 168; Scotch Schools-Mr. Fearon's report
untrustworthy, 168, 169; the English Universi-
ties-Cambridge, 169; Oxford, 170 seq.; moder-
ations, 171, 178; the "suggestions" of Mr. Patti-
son, 172; his scheme indirectly aids the priestly
party in Oxford, ib.; objectionable on its own
merits, ib.; the question of age, ib.; position of
the pass-men, 173; present mania for athleticism,
174; administration of endowments, ib.; scholar-
ships, 174, 175; "lodging out," 175; impracti-
cability of Mr. Pattison's plan of reform, 176, 177;
subject of tests, 178; religious teaching of our
universities, 179; the argument that the tests
protect the Church of England, 179, 180; posi-
tion of Dissenters, 180.or

English, teaching of,-what place ought it to oc-
cupy in our educational system? 161, 162.

F

Fearon's (Mr.) Report on Scotch schools, 168, 169.
Fenianism, 131 et seq.
Financial relations of England and India,46-58.
French criticism-M. Renan, 34; the 'Revue des
Deux Mondes,' 35, 46; M. Caro, 35; Renan's
early life, 86; his philosophical studies at Issy,
36, 37; his transition from Christian faith to a
scientific career, 87; betakes himself to litera
ture, 88; Madame de Krudener, ib.; M. Sainte-
Beuve, 88, 89; Renan's 'Etudes d'Histoire Re-
ligieuse, 41; his estimate of Channing, 41, 42;
essays on the poetry of the Celtic races, 42, and

8; his

Frobligations, ib.; morality of an act, pleasure
caused by it, contemplation, 78; according to
Hume, the idea of obligation vanishes, 79; Rous-
r, 199;
seau and the psychology of individualism, 80;
lar philosophical ground of his indecency, 81; Burke
and Rousseau, 82; Wordsworth, 83; deliverance
from individualism in art, ib.; philosophy and re-
902: ligion, 84; modern English utilitarianism, 85.

reasons?

at this i

ther, the

Mangar
King 36

esults d'

Q

ueen's (The) Highland Journal, 103; reasons for
choice of Balmoral, 104; love for Balmoral, 105;
208: Su the country-life of England, 105, 106; apprecia-
mother, i tion of Highland family life, 106; the Royal
household, 107; characteristics of the Journal,
its popularity, ib.; monarchy in the present

des

210:

108;

18; unjustifiable contracts and rules, 18, 19; po-
sition of men with extra skill, 20; the question
of over-time, 21, 22; piece-work, 22, 23; the
limitation of apprentices, 23, 24; administration
of unions, 24, 25; freedom of members, 25; re-
ports issued by unions, 26; payments and benefits,
28; differences among unions, 29;-(4.) the neces-
sity for legislative action, 80; what rules shall be
legal? 81; penalties for illegal agreements, 81, 82;
arbitration, 32; shall trade societies be benefit
societies? 82, 83; concluding recommendations,
33, 34.
U

Universities; see Education.

V

R

Renan, Ernest; see French criticism.

S

and

BSleep (On), 265; the brain: its divisions, ib.,
the fluids with which it is supplied, 266; the
causes of sleep, 266, 267; effect of the diminu
tion and increase of oxygen in the blood, 267,
268; effect of intoxicating gas-chloroform, 268;
objects and purposes of sleep, 268, 269; experi-
ments of Pettenkoffer, 269; of Liston, E. Smith,
etc., 270; hybernation of animals, ib.; pheno-
mena of dreams, and wakefulness, 270, 271;
Aristotle's treatise on sleep, 271, 272; length of
time required for sleep, 272.

Tartars, Europe invaded by, 200.
Tennyson, Alfred, 264.
Tests, University, 178, 180.
Theocritus, idylls of, 250-265.
Trade-Unions: how far legitimate, 1; general fea-
tures of the case for and against them, 1, 2 seq.;
(1.) principles of political economy affecting
them; can unions raise wages? 2; source and
nature of wages-fund often misunderstood, 3, 4; re-
servoir fund, 5, 6; meaning of the words 'demand'
and 'supply,' 6, 7; demand distinguished from
desire to buy, 7, 8; usual theory of demand and
supply imperfect, 8; wages may be affected by
bargaining, 9, and can be raised by unions, 10,
11; interests of capital and labour not identical,
11, 12;-(2.) consideration of the right to com-
bine, 13; this right not indefeasible, ib.; necessa-
rily subject to limitations, 13, 14; wages raised
by free-trade, 15; criterion of lawful and unlawful
rules, 16;-(3.) trade-unions as they exist: the
Sheffield outrages, 16, 17; the "knobsticks," or
non-society men, 17; the artisan and labourer,

Wordsworth, 83.

Writing, the History of, 272; facsimiles of national
manuscripts, 273; analogy between writing and
architecture, ib.; development of printing and the
decline of painting, 274; "Gothic " characters,275;
mediæval style of penmanship-round and pointed
style, 275, 276; two co-ordinate fashions, 277;
specimens of early English, ib.; foliated writing,
278; the Norwich Psalter in the Bodleian Li
brary, 279; development of the black letter, ib.;
unprofessional writing, 280; invention of print-
ing, ib.; the "Secretary" type, 281; first half of
sixteenth century, 282; the light thrown by these
MSS. on the English tongue, ib.; genuine exam-
ples of early English, 283, 284; discontinuance
of Gothic characteristics in penmanship, 284;
the "Roman" hand, 285; Arabic numerals, 285,
286; writing and printing in Germany, 286;
handwriting of Queen Elizabeth and Mary Queen
of Scots, ib.; use of black letter in printing, 287;
the parallel between Gothic type and Gothic ar-
chitecture, ib.; volume of the National Manu-
scripts of Scotland, ib.; its superiority to the
English volumes, 288; the Lord Clerk Register
(Sir William Gibson-Craig) and Sir Henry James,
ib.; Anderson's "Thesaurus Diplomatum and Nu-
mismatum Scotia" brought to maturity by Thomas
Ruddiman, ib.; features of Scottish caligraphy,
289; caligraphy of the Franks, ib. ; the "Ludovi-
cian" hand, ib.; distinctions between it and the
Anglo-Saxon, ib.; the charter of Duncan to the
monks of St. Cuthbert, 290; diplomatic and pa-
læographic evidence of its genuineness, 290, 291;
St. David, founder of Holyrood, Melrose, and
other religious foundations, 291; the foundation-
charter of Holyrood, ib.; Malcolm Canmore, ib.;
initials and capitals, 292; King Malcolm's great
charter to the Abbey of Kelso, ib.; northern
limits of old Anglian dialect, 293; acknowledg-
ment by Richard of England of the independence
of Scotland, 294; peculiarities of Scottish writ-
ing, ib.; relative merits of engraving and photo-
zincography, 295; older types of writing, ib.;
sculptured stones of Scotland, 296; Irish Art, ib.;
symbolic carvings, 298; interpretation of these,
ib.; peculiar to Pictland, 298, 299; what these
objects represented, their connexion with heraldry,
299; often found near churches, 300; "Drosten's
Cross," ib.; symbolism is akin to writing, 801.