ARNOLD, Mr. Matthew, 84. Atomic Theory of Lucretius, 111; matter indestruc- tible and eternal, 112; atoms, or the seeds of things, 118; perpetual motion of atoms, 114; energy due to motion of atoms, 115; varying density of bodies, explained by vacuum, 116; gravitation, 117; "declination of atoms," ib.; free will and atoms, 118; indestructibility of motion, 119; Newton, Leibnitz, Davy, and Joule, ib.; summary of the theory, 120; Descartes, 121; Leibnitz, ib.; Bernoulli, 122; Hobbes, 123; Sir William Thomson's vortex atoms, 124; law of gravitation, 125; is the theory of gravitation final? ib.; Lesage, 126; atomic theory of gravi- tation, ib.; problem of the constitution of matter yet unsolved, 127; summary of atomic theo- ries, ib.
Brain, the: its divisions, and the fluids with which it is supplied, 265, 266. Bunsen, Memoirs of Baron, 228; former estimate of German intellectual capacity entertained in Britain, 229; growth of German literature, 229, 230; altered state of the British mind as to things German, 230, 281; parentage of Bunsen, 231; his life as a student, 231, 232; meets Nie- buhr in Rome: appointed Prussian Resident there: his marriage, 232, 233; leaves Rome, and comes to England, 233; becomes Prussian repre- sentative in Switzerland, and afterwards Prussian Minister in England, 234; his last years, ib.; estimate of his character, 234, 235; Bunsen an English-German, 235; his piety, 236; a lyric, 237; the English side of his character, ib.; his love of England, 237, 248; his theology, 239- 241; value of his theological works, 241, 242; his work on Egypt, 242; value of the 'Memoirs,' ib.; letters to Lücke, 248, 244; his remarks on the antagonism between English and German na- ture, 243; his opinion of religious thought in England, 244; letter to Renan, 245; letter to one of his sons, ib.; the Queen and Prince Al- bert, 246; relative value and position of French, German, and English civilisation, 246, 247; his political opinions, 248; remarks on his career as a diplomatist, 249, 250. Burns, poetry of, 182,
Butler, Bishop,-his ethical theory, 73-76.
Combination amongst workmen; see Trade-Unions. Churches and Creeds, 211; address of Dean Stanley on the connexion of Church and State, ib.; his idea of the Church, 218; his analogy between a State Establishment and the early Church, 213, 214; unsatisfactoriness of his argument, 214; how he deals with objections, 214, 215; the Non- conformists, 215; the Scottish Free Church, ib.; the Liberal school, 216; what ought to be the present policy of the Scotch and English Estab- lishments in regard to non-established Churches, 217, 218; alternative of disestablishment, 218; legal results of disestablishment, 219; inconsis-
tencies of Dean Stanley, 220; relation of churches to their creeds, 221; characteristics of Mr. Innes's work on the Law of Creeds,' 221, 222; neces- sity of the periodical revision of creeds and arti- cles, 222, 223; claims of the High Church party, 228; the Scottish Church, 224; High Church claims refuted by the logic of events, ib.; rela- tion of Scottish Churches to their creeds, 225; right of revision claimed and exercised, 226, 227; legal position of non-established Churches, 227, Crusades, the; see Louis, St. Culdees of Britain; see Montalembert.
Education-Schools and Universities, 155; Mr. Lowe's four "principles " subversive of classical studies, 156; Sydney Smith's article, "Too much Latin and Greek," 157; substance of the "Essays on a Liberal Education," ib.; the learning of grammar, 158; Latin and Greek verse-making, ib.; "bifurcation" in schools and colleges, 159; "practical changes" recommended by Mr. Sidg- wick, ib.; Mr. Mill on educational reform, 159, 160; scientific instruction, 160, 161; what place ought the teaching of English to occupy in our system? 161, 162; the idea of the Essays" a mistake, 162, 168; faults of the Editor's essay, and of his lecture at the Royal Institution, 163, 164; translations of the classics, 165; impor- tance of the study of the original, 165, 166; peculiar value to us of the life and languages of the ancients, 166; liberal education in connexion with our Universities, 167; Scotch Universities, 167, 168; Scotch Schools-Mr. Fearon's report untrustworthy, 168, 169; the English Universi- ties-Cambridge, 169; Oxford, 170 seq.; moder- ations, 171, 178; the "suggestions" of Mr. Patti- son, 172; his scheme indirectly aids the priestly party in Oxford, ib.; objectionable on its own merits, ib.; the question of age, ib.; position of the pass-men, 173; present mania for athleticism, 174; administration of endowments, ib.; scholar- ships, 174, 175; "lodging out," 175; impracti- cability of Mr. Pattison's plan of reform, 176, 177; subject of tests, 178; religious teaching of our universities, 179; the argument that the tests protect the Church of England, 179, 180; posi- tion of Dissenters, 180.or
English, teaching of,-what place ought it to oc- cupy in our educational system? 161, 162.
Fearon's (Mr.) Report on Scotch schools, 168, 169. Fenianism, 131 et seq. Financial relations of England and India,46-58. French criticism-M. Renan, 34; the 'Revue des Deux Mondes,' 35, 46; M. Caro, 35; Renan's early life, 86; his philosophical studies at Issy, 36, 37; his transition from Christian faith to a scientific career, 87; betakes himself to litera ture, 88; Madame de Krudener, ib.; M. Sainte- Beuve, 88, 89; Renan's 'Etudes d'Histoire Re- ligieuse, 41; his estimate of Channing, 41, 42; essays on the poetry of the Celtic races, 42, and
on Averroes and Averroïsm, ib.; on the Reli- gions of Antiquity, 43; his tribute to M. de Sacy, 43, 44; Cousin, 44; Renan's position in respect to Christianity, 45.
quarrel between Innocent Iv. and Frederic II., ib.; St. Louis as a legislator, 197, 198; his asceticism, 198; takes the vow of a Crusader, 199; influence of the Crusades on Europe, ib.; reasons for that French language, unpoetical, 188.7.10 of Louis, 200; invasion of the Tartars, ib.; the
Germans and German literature; see Bunsen. Greek Idyllic Poets, 250; Theocritus, ib.; Bion and Moschus, 250, 251; question as to the authen- ticity of some of the idylls, 251; idyllic poetry, 252; origin of bucolic poetry, ib.; modern pas- toral poetry, ib.; Theocritus to be studied amid the scenery of the south, 253; peculiar proper- ties of classical landscapes, 253, 254; Greek sculpture, 255; pastoral habits unchanged, ib.; the gods are gone, 256; natural beauty as re- garded by the idyllic poets, 256, 257; contrasted with moderu poets, 258; story of Galatea, 259; idylls illustrative of town life, ib.; classical witches, 259, 260; poems illustrative of the heroic age of Greece, 260; difference between Greek and medieval chivalry, 260, 261; the seventh idyll of Theocritus, 261, 262; the idylls of Bion, 262, 263; the poetry of Moschus, 263, 264; Milton and Shelley, 264; Tennyson, 265.
Hume, and the philosophy of Locke, 77.
Idyllic poetry (Greek), 250-255.
Indian administration: the Financial relations of England and India, 46; want of an imperial policy, 47; our treatment of Indian affairs, 47, 48; its direct consequences, 48; what are In- dia's imperial obligations? 49; India supports no navy, 50; does India indirectly pay tribute to England? 51; "home charges," 52; pensions, bib.; England's dealings with Indian commerce, 52-54; what the English connexion has done for India, 54, 55; its progress under English admin- istration, 55, 56; native rule, and its supposed merits, 56; present lightness of taxation in India, -57.
Innes, A. T., on the "Law of Creeds;" see Churches.
Kharismians, 201; state of Syria at this time, ih; arrival of Louis before Damietta, 202; its cap ture, ib.; rashness of his brother, the Comte d'Artois, 203, 204; battle of Mansourah, 204; retreat, 205; surrender of the King, 206; treaty with the Sultan of Egypt, ib.; results of the Cr sade, 207; surrender of Damietta, ib.; violation of the treaty by the Egyptians, 208; Saint Louis in Palestine, ib.; death of his mother, Blanche, 209; his Second Crusade, ib.; desire for the preaching of the Gospel at Tunis, 210; his death at Carthage, 211; characteristics of his reign, ib. Lowe, Mr., on classical study, 156, Lucretius; see Atomic Theory.
Mistral's Mirèio,' 180; the Provençal patois, 181; Avignon worthy of a visit, ib.; patois suited for pastorals-the Scotch of Robert Burns, 181, 182; inhabitants and dialect of the French sea-board of the Mediterranean, 182; the French not poetical language, 183; the scene of Mistral's pastoral, 184; Muriel (Mirèio), ib.; her suitors Alári, Veran, 184,185, and Ourrias "the brander," 185; Vincent, Muriel's lover, described, 186; Ourrias and Vincent-the fight, 187, 188; St Medard's night on the Rhone, 188; meeting of Master Ambroi (Vincent's father) and Master Ramon (Muriel's father), 189; Muriel's flight, 190; the three Maries, 190, 191; last scene of all, 192; specimen of the translation by Mr. Grant, 193, 194. Monasticism; see Montalembert.
Montalembert's 'Monks of the West,' 86; ancestry of M. de Montalembert, 87, 88; his early life, 88; his connexion with the 'Avenir,' 88, 90; his ideal of monasticism, 90; parallel with Froude 91; Lacordaire-a typical monk, 93; history of monasticism, 93; slavery of the Church under the Christian Emperors, 94; providential mission of the barbarians, 94, 95; division of Montalem. bert's History,' 95; the re-conversion of Saxon England, by Augustine, 96; monasticism in Ire land, ib.; St. Columba, 97, 98; his penance, 99; probation of aspirants, 99, 100; labours of St. Columba in Scotland, 100; missionary enterprise of Irish monks, 101; the Irish paschal obser Vance, 102; the monastery at Lindisfarne, ib.; sequel of the 'History,' 103. used lay
Irish Question, the, 128; importance of understand- sing the evil to be remedied, 129; three sorts of discontent, ib; the Irish in America, 129, 147; vagueness of recommendations as to dealing with Irish wrongs, 130; political discontent, ib.; Fe- nian manifestoes, 131; Irish divisions of opinion, 16132, 133; religious discontent, 133; the Irish Church, 134; mixed education, ib.; the land- tenure discontent, 135; iniquitous commercial legislation, 186; tenant compensation, 187, 188; tenant-right in Ulster, 138; distraint and leases, 189; property in land admittedly conditional, 140; three schemes proposed-Mr. Bright's, ib.; Mr. Butt's, 141; the Spectator's,' ib.; examina- Oxford University, 170 seq. tion of these schemes, 141-145; subletting and subdivision, 145; insufficiency of the land area,
National Manuscripts; see Writing, History of Nonconformity in Britain, 215. Niebuhr, 232.
146; prosperity of emigrants, 148; land sales, Pattison's (Mr.)" Suggestions on Academical Organi.
149; experimental legislation, 150, 151; conclu- sions, 151-154.
sation" considered, 172, 176, 177. Popular Philosophy in its relation to Life, 70; thought and speech-philosophy and rhetoric, 71 9 on appeal to feeling, 73; benevolence and self- 72; ethical theories of popular philosophy as based love as competing principles in Butler, 73, 74; duty and happiness according to Butler, 75; his language on the Love of God, 75, 76; Hume works out philosophy of Locke, 77; rights and
Frobligations, ib.; morality of an act, pleasure caused by it, contemplation, 78; according to Hume, the idea of obligation vanishes, 79; Rous- r, 199; seau and the psychology of individualism, 80; lar philosophical ground of his indecency, 81; Burke and Rousseau, 82; Wordsworth, 83; deliverance from individualism in art, ib.; philosophy and re- 902: ligion, 84; modern English utilitarianism, 85.
ther, the
Mangar King 36
esults d'
ueen's (The) Highland Journal, 103; reasons for choice of Balmoral, 104; love for Balmoral, 105; 208: Su the country-life of England, 105, 106; apprecia- mother, i tion of Highland family life, 106; the Royal household, 107; characteristics of the Journal, its popularity, ib.; monarchy in the present
18; unjustifiable contracts and rules, 18, 19; po- sition of men with extra skill, 20; the question of over-time, 21, 22; piece-work, 22, 23; the limitation of apprentices, 23, 24; administration of unions, 24, 25; freedom of members, 25; re- ports issued by unions, 26; payments and benefits, 28; differences among unions, 29;-(4.) the neces- sity for legislative action, 80; what rules shall be legal? 81; penalties for illegal agreements, 81, 82; arbitration, 32; shall trade societies be benefit societies? 82, 83; concluding recommendations, 33, 34. U
Universities; see Education.
day, 108, 109; the wide circulation of the book Verse-making, Latin and Greek, 158. to be desired, 110.
Renan, Ernest; see French criticism.
BSleep (On), 265; the brain: its divisions, ib., the fluids with which it is supplied, 266; the causes of sleep, 266, 267; effect of the diminu tion and increase of oxygen in the blood, 267, 268; effect of intoxicating gas-chloroform, 268; objects and purposes of sleep, 268, 269; experi- ments of Pettenkoffer, 269; of Liston, E. Smith, etc., 270; hybernation of animals, ib.; pheno- mena of dreams, and wakefulness, 270, 271; Aristotle's treatise on sleep, 271, 272; length of time required for sleep, 272.
Tartars, Europe invaded by, 200. Tennyson, Alfred, 264. Tests, University, 178, 180. Theocritus, idylls of, 250-265. Trade-Unions: how far legitimate, 1; general fea- tures of the case for and against them, 1, 2 seq.; (1.) principles of political economy affecting them; can unions raise wages? 2; source and nature of wages-fund often misunderstood, 3, 4; re- servoir fund, 5, 6; meaning of the words 'demand' and 'supply,' 6, 7; demand distinguished from desire to buy, 7, 8; usual theory of demand and supply imperfect, 8; wages may be affected by bargaining, 9, and can be raised by unions, 10, 11; interests of capital and labour not identical, 11, 12;-(2.) consideration of the right to com- bine, 13; this right not indefeasible, ib.; necessa- rily subject to limitations, 13, 14; wages raised by free-trade, 15; criterion of lawful and unlawful rules, 16;-(3.) trade-unions as they exist: the Sheffield outrages, 16, 17; the "knobsticks," or non-society men, 17; the artisan and labourer,
Writing, the History of, 272; facsimiles of national manuscripts, 273; analogy between writing and architecture, ib.; development of printing and the decline of painting, 274; "Gothic " characters,275; mediæval style of penmanship-round and pointed style, 275, 276; two co-ordinate fashions, 277; specimens of early English, ib.; foliated writing, 278; the Norwich Psalter in the Bodleian Li brary, 279; development of the black letter, ib.; unprofessional writing, 280; invention of print- ing, ib.; the "Secretary" type, 281; first half of sixteenth century, 282; the light thrown by these MSS. on the English tongue, ib.; genuine exam- ples of early English, 283, 284; discontinuance of Gothic characteristics in penmanship, 284; the "Roman" hand, 285; Arabic numerals, 285, 286; writing and printing in Germany, 286; handwriting of Queen Elizabeth and Mary Queen of Scots, ib.; use of black letter in printing, 287; the parallel between Gothic type and Gothic ar- chitecture, ib.; volume of the National Manu- scripts of Scotland, ib.; its superiority to the English volumes, 288; the Lord Clerk Register (Sir William Gibson-Craig) and Sir Henry James, ib.; Anderson's "Thesaurus Diplomatum and Nu- mismatum Scotia" brought to maturity by Thomas Ruddiman, ib.; features of Scottish caligraphy, 289; caligraphy of the Franks, ib. ; the "Ludovi- cian" hand, ib.; distinctions between it and the Anglo-Saxon, ib.; the charter of Duncan to the monks of St. Cuthbert, 290; diplomatic and pa- læographic evidence of its genuineness, 290, 291; St. David, founder of Holyrood, Melrose, and other religious foundations, 291; the foundation- charter of Holyrood, ib.; Malcolm Canmore, ib.; initials and capitals, 292; King Malcolm's great charter to the Abbey of Kelso, ib.; northern limits of old Anglian dialect, 293; acknowledg- ment by Richard of England of the independence of Scotland, 294; peculiarities of Scottish writ- ing, ib.; relative merits of engraving and photo- zincography, 295; older types of writing, ib.; sculptured stones of Scotland, 296; Irish Art, ib.; symbolic carvings, 298; interpretation of these, ib.; peculiar to Pictland, 298, 299; what these objects represented, their connexion with heraldry, 299; often found near churches, 300; "Drosten's Cross," ib.; symbolism is akin to writing, 801.
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