Ten Epochs of Church History

Edited by

John Fulton, D.D., LL.D.

Vol. IX.

THE REFORMATION

BY

WILLISTON WALKER

New York

Charles Scribner's Sons

MDCCCC

&

LIBRARY OF THE

LELAND STANFORD JR. UNIVERSITY.

a.47612

Copyright, 1900, by

CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS

JAN 16 1001

CONTENTS.

PREFATORY NOTE.

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PAGE

I

53

53

CHAP. I.-THE NEW WINE IN THE OLD BOTTLES.—The

Reformation Long Prepared.-Decline of the Papacy.-

Growth of Christian Life.-The New National Life,

France, England, Spain, Italy, Germany.-Decline of

Scholasticism.—The New Learning.—Its Theory of Re-

form. The New Geography.-Reform by Councils Tried.

Marsilius of Padua.- William of Occam.- Wiclif.-

Huss. The Mystics.-The Anti-Roman Sects.--The New

Spirit of Individualism.-A Reformation Inevitable........

CHAP. II. THE SPANISH AWAKENING.-Reform Sought by

Governmental Action.-The Spanish Religious Character.

-Ferdinand and Isabella.-Ximenes.-Theological Learn-

ing. The Inquisition.-Influence of the Spanish Awaken-

ing...

CHAP. III.-THE SAXON REVOLT.-State of Germany.-Its

Divisions of Opinion.-Reuchlin.-Luther's Character.-

Early Life. The Great Question.-Luther a Monk.-

Justification by Faith Alone.-Luther a Teacher.-In-

dulgences.-The Ninety-five Theses.-Germany Stirred.-

Philip Melanchthon.-The Leipzig Disputation.-The Great

Tracts of 1520.-The Pope's Bull Burned.-Worms.-Lu-

ther in Retirement.—Wittenberg in his Absence.—Luther's

Forceful Return.-Spread of Lutheranism.-The Peasants'

War.-Breach with Erasmus.-Luther's Marriage.-Organ-

ization of the Lutheran Churches.-The Political Situation.

-The Name, Protestant.-Protestantism Divided......... 71

CHAP. IV.-THE REVOLT IN GERMAN SWITZERLAND.-Con-
dition of Switzerland.-Zwingli's Early Life.-His Spiritual