UNIV. OF AN APPEAL TO PHARAOH. THE NEGRO PROBLEM AND ITS RADICAL SOLUTION. I. A SECTIONAL UNION. WHEN the war between the States ended in 1865, Negro Slavery disappeared from the North American Continent. The victors and the vanquished in the struggle alike congratulated themselves that their long standing cause of quarrel had disappeared with it; that the coming years contained no prospect of a renewal of the old controversies; and that their children would grow up together the joint heirs of a Union more peaceful, more powerful, and "more perfect" than themselves or their fathers had ever known. Certainly most of us cherished the hope, the belief, when the first flush of triumph, or the first keen pang of defeat, had given place to sober reflection concerning the future of our common country, that the only obstacle to the cordial union of the peoples of the long divided and lately warring "sections" had been removed at last, and that they would go forward thenceforth TO VINU united and unimpeded in the fulfilment of their happy and high destiny among the nations. We have been disappointed. True, there have been great and radical changes, social, political, industrial, and otherwise, in the conditions of the country,-in the conditions of the Southern States particularly; but these changes have not brought us nearer together. On every hand, and at all times, is heard a chorus of voices proclaiming that the Union is restored, and has become again "the Union of our fathers." Alas, it is nothing more! The old questions disturb us in new shapes; our distrusts and differences are none the less real and deep and wide for being denied or thinly covered over. Athwart the map of the Republic runs, as plainly and sharply defined as ever, the line across which we fought to the death a few years ago. The two sections are sections still. The two peoples are two peoples still, differing in character, and interests, and aims; having not much in common, indeed, save a common government, re-established by force. The participation of the true" representatives of the one section in the administration of that government is still regarded with unconcealed jealousy and distrust by the great majority of the people of the other section; the election and appointment of these representatives to office provoke renewed and widespread irritation and complaint as often as they occur; the sentiments |