Among important early sources of collections may be mentioned the United States Exploring Expedition of 1838 to 1842, the Perry Expedition to Japan, the North Pacific Exploring Expedition of the Navy, the railroad and wagon road surveys by the Army in connection with the opening up of the far west, the Canadian and Mexican boundary surveys, certain geological explorations, and the work of the Coast Survey in Alaskan waters, besides many expeditions organized or assisted by the Smithsonian Institution. Of more recent date are the investigations of the Bureau of Fisheries, the Geological Survey, the Bureau of American Ethnology, and the Bureaus of Plant Industry, Entomology, and Biological Survey of the Department of Agriculture. Of private donors, some of whom have made gifts of great extent and value, the list is very long.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By congressional appropriations, that for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1909, amounting to $318,080. For the fiscal year ending in 1910, the appropriation amounts to $565,500, the increased amount being called for by the approaching occupancy of the new building.

BUILDINGS. The Smithsonian building, completed in 1857, at an expense of over $300,000, and designed in part for the museum, was, as early as 1872, turned over entirely to museum purposes, with the exception of the east wing, retained for the use of the institution proper. A separate building of brick, called for by the increase of the collections and having a main floor area of 103,000 square feet, was finished in 1881, at an initial cost of $250,000. There is now nearly completed, and in small part already occupied, a third building of granite, having a frontage of 560 feet and a floor area of about 10 acres, which has cost $3,500,000. It is intended for the departments of natural history, and will also temporarily house the National Gallery of Art, while the older buildings will be used for the collections of arts and industries. These buildings are all located on the Mall, between 9th and 12th streets.

ADMINISTRATION. The governing body of the Smithsonian Institution, and consequently of the National Museum, is a board of regents, comprising the vice-president and the chief-justice of the United States as ex officio members, three members of the United States Senate, three members of the House of Representatives, and six citizens at large. The authority of the board is exercised through its executive officer, the secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

SCOPE. The museum is charged with three principal obligations, namely, the care and preservation of the national collections, research work in naming and classifying the specimens, and the promotion of

education by the exhibition of such material as is suitable for that purpose. The interests of education are also subserved by the distribution of duplicate specimens to the higher grades of schools and colleges throughout the country. Very little field work is undertaken. directly by the museum.

Four general divisions of the museum are recognized: (1) Natural history, including ethnology and archeology; (2) the fine arts; (3) the arts and industries; (4) history.

LIBRARY. About 36,000 volumes and 56,000 unbound papers, of a purely technical character, maintained primarily for the use of the staff, but accessible to any properly qualified persons.

PUBLICATIONS. (1) Annual Reports. (2) Proceedings. (3) Bulletins. The first mentioned are of the nature of administrative reports to congress. The Proceedings and Bulletins are mainly restricted to technical papers and monographs based upon the museum's collection. The difference between these two lies chiefly in the fact that the Proceedings consist of the shorter and the Bulletins of the longer papers. Of the Proceedings, 37 volumes have been published; of the Bulletin, 71 numbers, but a few of these extend to two or more volumes.

ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 4.30. Sunday opening is contemplated in the near future. The number of visitors is about 250,000 annually.

ZOOLOGICAL PARK.

The federal government and city jointly maintain a zoological park of 166 acres, established in 1890, containing 124 reptiles, 713 birds, and 565 mammals.

FLORIDA

DELAND:

JOHN B. STETSON UNIVERSITY.

Monroe Heath Museum.

This museum consists of collections prepared by the Ward Natural Science Establishment of Rochester, New York, and given to the university by Mrs. Monroe Heath of Chicago as a memorial to her husband. The collections comprise: Minerals, 725; Rocks, 240±; Paleontology, 325, including casts of fossil vertebrates; Zoology, 300, mostly invertebrates. In addition to the above there are So Florida birds, the gift of Mr. John B. Stetson. The museum is intended for teaching and study purposes, and is in charge of John F. Baerecke, professor of biology and physiology.

ST. AUGUSTINE:

ST. AUGUSTINE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND HISTORICAL
SOCIETY.

This society maintains a museum begun in 1884 and now filling seven rooms. The collections include geology, natural history, prehistoric implements and weapons, and material relating to the early history of Florida.

ATLANTA:

STATE MUSEUM.

GEORGIA

STAFF. Curator, S. W. McCallie.

ANTHROPOLOGY. A collection of 203 Indian relics.

BOTANY. 200 specimens of Georgia woods, consisting of sections of trees showing finished and unfinished surfaces, together with some finished products; and an economic exhibit of fruits and grains in glass jars.

EDUCATIONAL. 10 cases with exhibits of public school work.

GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 1250±; Rocks, on exhibition, 250; Minerals and rocks, in storage, 1000±; Building stones, 85 eight-inch cubes, including marble, granite, gneiss, hornblende, sandstone, serpentine, and Caen stone, from various localities in the state, uniformly dressed to show susceptibility to various methods of finishing; Marbles, 6 slabs from the quarries at Tate; Georgia ores,149 specimens; Clays, etc.

PALEONTOLOGY.

1000+ specimens on exhibition.

ZOOLOGY. An economic exhibit of injurious insects, contained in 6 large cases.

The above collections occupy the corridors of the third floor of the state capitol, and are under the charge of the state geologist. They are open free to the public daily, except Sundays, from 8 to 5.

ZOOLOGICAL PARK.

The city maintains a zoological park of 140 acres, established in 1892, containing 10 reptiles, 132 birds, and 91 mammals.

MACON:

MERCER UNIVERSITY.

No information has been received regarding the collections of this university, which is said by Merrill to include 500 Indian utensils and weapons, about 600 botanical specimens, 2500 fossils, 1000 rocks and several thousand minerals, 1000 specimens of economic geology,

and a small collection of meteorites including the Stewart and Putnam County stones (both described in the "American Journal of Science"). There are also about 600 zoological specimens.

OXFORD:

EMORY COLLEGE.

The museum of Emory College is in charge of H. H. Stone, curator, and is made up largely of Japanese, Chinese, and Indian curios, together with war relics, 200 fossils, 5000 minerals, and a collection of Georgia birds made rather for classroom use than for strictly museum purposes.

HAWAII

HONOLULU:

BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM.

STAFF. Director, William T. Brigham; Honorary curator of mollusca, William H. Dall; Curator of Polynesian ethnology, John F. G. Stokes; Curator of Pulmonata, C. Montague Cooke; Honorary curator of entomology, Otto H. Swezey; Assistant in botany, Charles N. Forbes; Librarian, E. Schupp; Artist and modeler, John W. Thompson; 2 printers, and 2 janitors.

ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology, foreign, 275; Ethnology, native, 4992, foreign, 3417. There are on exhibition 5 ethnological groups with casts from life. There are also a Hawaiian native grass house and a model of a Hawaiian temple.

II.

ART. Prints and engravings, 50; Oil paintings, 44; Water colors,

BOTANY. Cryptogams, 3104, including 27 types and figured specimens; Phanerogams, 2959, including 105 types and figured specimens. There are also 5000+ duplicate and additional specimens, and 420 specimens of economic botany.

GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 125, in storage, 50; Rocks, on exhibition, 522, in storage, 200±. Special mention may be made of a model of Kilauea volcano.

HISTORY. Mission history, 25; Modern Hawaiian history, 178.
PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 410.

ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 55,000+, in storage, 200,000±, types and figured specimens, 350+; Insects, on exhibition, 8268, in storage, 6135; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, 865, in storage, 520; Fishes, on exhibition, 292 painted casts, in storage, 3000±, types and figured specimens, 105; Reptiles, on exhibition, 43, in storage, 98;

Birds, on exhibition, 464, in storage, 4259, types and figured specimens, 144; Mammals, on exhibition, 45. There are 4 large and 7 small groups of animals exhibited in natural surroundings. Of these, 2 Hawaiian bird groups (Phaethon lepturus and Nycticorax nycticorax nævius) are especially noteworthy.

HISTORICAL SKETCH. The founding of the Bishop Museum resulted from an unwritten agreement between three Hawaiian princesses, Mrs. Bernice Pauahi Bishop, Princess Ruth Keelikolani, and Queen Emma, widow of Kamehameha IV, to bequeath their respective collections as material for a museum of Kamehameha relics. The final establishment of the museum was made possible by the munificence of the Hon. Charles Reed Bishop, who in 1889 provided funds for the housing of these three collections. At this time other collections were purchased by Mr. Bishop as follows: ethnological collections of J. S. Emerson and G. H. Dole from Hawaii, of Eric Craig from Polynesia and Melanesia, and a choice Papuan collection made in German New Guinea; also an extremely valuable collection of Hawaiian birds made by Mr. Mills. In 1891 the collections of the Hawaiian government museum were loaned to the Bishop Museum. In the same year Mr. Bishop transferred the museum to the gentlemen then acting as trustees of the Bernice P. Bishop estate, and provided an endowment consisting of land valued at $40,000 and $30,000 in 6 per cent government bonds. In 1894 the Hawaiian provisional government deposited the royal feather robe, crown, and thrones in the museum. In 1895 the large and varied Pacific collection of the American board of commissioners for foreign missions was loaned to the museum and later purchased by Mr. Bishop. In 1896 control of the museum passed into the hands of the Bernice P. Bishop museum trust. At this time Mr. Bishop added property to the value of $203,000 to the endowment of the museum, and in the following year he made a further endowment of $92,000.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT. An income of $35,000 a year from its endowment.

BUILDING. The first building was erected in 1890 at a cost of $66,700, defrayed by Mr. Bishop. In 1894 an additional building was erected by Mr. Bishop at a cost of $77,200. In 1903 a new Hawaiian hall was erected by Mr. Bishop at a cost of $126,300. A building designed to provide laboratories and storerooms is about to be erected. There is at present 17,312 square feet of floor space available for exhibition, and 52co for offices, etc. Of the latter, 2800 square feet will be converted to exhibition space on completion of the new laboratory.