gether, and forms them into sentences.

Accent addresses itself to the ear only; emphasis, through the ear to the understanding.”

Accident. See AD. Accident, in the popular sense of the word, signifies something produced casually, and without any foreknowledge or design in the agent which produced it.-Accident, in grammar, denotes a property attached to a word, without entering into its essential definition. Thus every word, whatever be its signification, will be primitive, derivative, simple, or compound, which are the accidents of words. Besides, each particular species of words has its accidents: for example, those of the noun substantive are gender, declension, and number. The accidents of a verb are mood, tense, number, and person.-Accidence, a name chiefly used for a little book containing the rudiments of the Latin language, is a corruption of accidentia.

Acclamation. See AD. A confused noise or shout of joy by which the public express their approbation of any thing. Acclamation, in a more proper sense, denotes a certain formula of words uttered with extraordinary vehemence, frequent in the ancient assemblies. Acclamations were usually accompanied with applauses, with which they are sometimes confounded, though they ought to be distinguished; as acclamation is given by the voice, applause by the hands.

Acclivity. See AD. The slope of a line inclining to the horizon, reckoning upward; as the ascent of the hill is the acclivity, so the descent is the declivity. Accommodate. See AD. To supply with conveniences of any kind.

Accomplish. See AD. Accomplished, (a participial adjective,) finished with respect to embellishment; used commonly of acquired qualification without including moral excellence.

Accord. Derived, by some, from corda, the string of a musical instrument; by others, from corda, hearts;

in the first implying harmony; in the other unity. To adjust one thing with another.

"Jarring interests of themselves create,

"Th' according music of a well mixt state." Pope. Account. It was originally written accompt, (from computus, an account or reckoning,) but by gradually softening the pronunciation, in time the orthography changed to account. A register of facts relating to money. "Keeping accounts is a business of reason more than arithmetic." Locke.

Accredited. See AD. Of allowed reputation; confidential; as "Mr. A. is the accredited Agent at the Court of Sardinia."

Accumulate. See AD. To heap one thing upon another. "It is used either literally, as to accumulate money; or figuratively, as to accumulate merit or wickedness. Johnson.

Accuracy, from accuratio, carefulness. Nicety. “Quickness of imagination is seen in the invention, fertility in the fancy, and accuracy in the expression." Dryden. Accusative. Etymologists do not agree as to the deriva

tion of this word, some say it was compounded of ad, to or upon, and cudo, to strike. Others that it is formed of ad, and causa, a cause. The accusative in the Latin grammar is the fourth case of nouns, and signifies the relation of the nouns on which the action of the verb terminates. Its use may be conceived from this, that all verbs which express actions that pass from the agent, must have objects to receive those actions, or they must imply that effects are produced by them, so that such verbs evidently require after them a noun to designate the object of the action expressed. As, "Augustus vanquished Antony." "He built a house." Here, Antony and House are the nouns on which the actions implied by the verbs, vanquish and

built, terminate. In English, this relation of the noun is either shown by its position, or by the assistance of prepositions. See CASE.

Accuse. See AD. To charge with a crime. The accusation set above the head of Jesus Christ at his crucifixion, is called by Wiclif, "the cause."

Acerb. See ACER. Acerbity. A bitter disagreeable taste, and figuratively, severity of disposition. Acid. See ACER. Acidity. The property of being acid. Applied to that sharpness which we call sourness. Acquire. See AD. To gain by one's own labour or power; to obtain what is not received from nature, or transmitted by inheritance, by one's self. Acrid. See ACER. Of a hot, biting taste; "Bitter and acrid differ only by the sharp particles of the first being involved in a greater quantity of oil than those of the last."-Acrimony. The quality of being acrid; figuratively, severity of temper or language. Act, or Action. See Aco. Something done.-Active. That which has the power or quality of acting. In grammar, active verbs are such as express action, as "I beat;" in contradistinction to passive verbs, which imply suffering, as " I am beaten;" thus the subject or actor of an active verb, becomes the object or sufferer of a passive verb.-Actual. This word is applied to any thing endowed with a property which acts by an immediate power inherent in it; it is the reverse of potential. Boiling water is actually hot; brandy producing heat in the body is potentially hot, though of itself cold.-Actuate. To put in action.-Actuary. The person who compiles the records of the act or proceedings of a court.

Acumen. See ACER. A sharp point. This word is now commonly applied to sharpness, or quickness of intellect.

Acute. See ACER. Sharp, ending in a point, opposed to obtuse or blunt, as an acute angle. In a figurative sense, it is applied to one who has a quickness of per

ception; opposed to dull or stupid, as "this acute and ingenious author."-Acute disease. A disease which is attended with an increased velocity of blood, terminates in a few days, and is generally accompanied with danger. It is opposed to a chronic disease, which is slow in its progress and not so generally dangerous. [Chronical is formed from the Greek word chronos, time.]-Accute accent. This accent () is placed over quickly-accented vowels, and is opposed to grave. Acuteness, sharpness; figuratively, quickness and vigour of intellect.

Adapt. See AD.

Add. See AD. To join something to that which was before. "To add to is proper, but to add together seems a solecism." Johnson. Addition. The act of adding one thing to another; opposed to diminution. Addict, in common language, is generally taken in a bad sense, as "He addicted himself to drinking.' It is employed in a good sense by some writers. Adepts. See AD. A name assumed by those professors of alchemy who engaged in researches after the philosopher's stone and the universal medicine, or who pretended to have succeeded in these researches. The term is now applied, in a more general sense, to those who are proficients in any kind of science. Adhere. See AD. Adherence, the quality of adhering or sticking.-Adhesion, the act or state of sticking. Adhesion is generally used in the natural, and adherence in the metaphorical sense as "The adhesion of iron to the magnet." "The adherence of the Jews to their religion is no less remarkable than their dispersion."

Adjacent. See AD.

Adjective. A kind of noun joined with a substantive to show its qualities. The word is formed of the Latin adjicere, to add to; as it is designed to be added to a substantive, without which it has no precise signification. Nouns are substantives when they denote persons, places, or things; and, on the contrary, they

C

are adjectives when they express the quality of a person, place, or thing, expressed or understood, to which they are united. Adjectives are divided into four kinds; 1. The nominal are those which distinguish certain species by some quality, which arises either from the nature of the thing, or from its form, situation, &c. such as good, black, round, external, &c. 2. The verbal, or purticipial, which always end either in ed or ing; as loved, domineering, &c. and denote some accidental quality, which appears to be the effect of an action that passes, or has passed, in the thing under consideration 3. Numeral adjectives are those which place any substantive in numerical order, as first, second, last, &c. 4. Pronominal are those which do not mark either species, action, or arrangement, but are merely indications of individuality; these adjectives are either personal, as my, thy; or they have a vague and indeterminate meaning, such as some, one, many, &c. or, lastly, they serve the purpose of mere indication, as this, that, such. Adjudge. See AD. Adjudication.

The act of judging,

or of granting something to a litigant by a judicial

sentence.

Adjunct. See AD. Something united to another, though not essentially part of it.

Administrate. See AD. Administration. The act of conducting any employment, as the conducting of public affairs; dispensing the laws.-Administrator. He that conducts the government, or officiates in divine rights; or he who has the goods of a person deceased committed to his charge.-Administratrix. A female administrator.

Admire.--Admit.-- Admixture.--Admonish.--Adolescence. See AD.

Adopt. See AD. Adoption. An act whereby any per-son takes another into his family, owns him for his son, and appoints him for his heir. We read also in scripture that "when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made under the law, to redeem